References
- Strang J., Griffiths P., Gossop M. Heroin smoking by ‘chasing the dragon’: origins and history. Addiction 1997; 92: 673–683
- Hendricks V. M., van den Brink W., Blanken P., Bosman I. J., van Ree J. M. Heroin self‐administration by means of chasing the dragon: pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of inhaled heroin. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 11: 241–252
- Wolters E. C., van Wijngaarden G. K., Stam F. C., Rengelink H., Lousberg R. J., Schipper M. E.I., Verbeeten B. Leucoencephalopathy after inhaling “heroin” pyrolysate. Lancet 1982; 2: 1233–1237
- Brenneisen R., Hasler F. GC/MS determination of pyrolysis products from diacetylmorphine and adulterants of street heroin samples. J Forensic Sci 2002; 47: 885–888
- Schiffer D., Brignolio M., Giordana M. T., Mongini T., Migheli A., Palmucci L. Spongiform encephalopathy in addicts inhaling pre‐heated heroin. Clin Neuropathol 1985; 4: 174–180
- Kriegstein A. R., Shungu D. C., Millar W. S., Armitage B. A., Brust J. C., Chillrud S., Goldman J., Lynch T. Leukoencephalopathy and raised brain lactate from heroin vapor inhalation (“chasing the dragon”). Neurology 1999; 53(8)1765–1773
- Filley C. M., Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters B. K. Toxic leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(6)425–432
- Powell H. C., Meyers R. R., Lampert P. W. Edema in neurotoxic injury. Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology, P. S. Spencers, H. H. Schaumburg. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1980; 118–139
- Barnett M. H., Miller L. A., Reddel S. W., Davies L. Reversible delayed leukoencephalopathy following intravenous heroin overdose. J Clin Neurosci 2001; 8: 165–167
- Zheng W., Zhang X. Characteristics of spongiform leukoencephalopathy induced by heroin: MRI detection. Chin Med J 2001; 114: 1193–1195
- Chen C., Lee K., Lee C., Chin S., Chung H., Zimmerman R. Heroin‐induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy: value of diffusion MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2000; 24: 735–737
- Maschke M., Fehlings T., Kastrup O., Wilhelm H. W., Leonhardt G. Toxic leukoencephalopathy after intravenous consumption of heroin and cocaine with unexpected clinical recovery. J Neurol 1999; 246: 850–851
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system: report of the Panel on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JAMA 1988; 259: 1211–1222, Council on Scientific Affairs
- Buttner A., Mall G., Penning R., Weis S. The neuropathology of heroin abuse. Forensic Sci Int 2000; 113: 435–442
- Mamidi A., DeSimone J. A., Pomerantz R. J. Central nervous system infections in individuals with HIV‐1 infection. J Neurovirol 2002; 8: 158–167
- Hurley R. A., Ernst T., Khalili K., Del Valle L., Simone I. L., Taber K. H. Identification of HIV‐associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neuro‐psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003; 15: 1–6
- Langford T. D., Letendre S. L., Marcotte T. D., Ellis R. J., McCutchan A., Grant I., Mallory M. E., Hansen L. A., Archibald S., Jernigan T., Masliah E. Severe, demyelinating leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2002; 16: 1019–1029, HNRC group