SUBCHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF PYRIDOSTIGMINE OR HUPERZINE TO PRIMATES: COMPARED EFFICACY AGAINST SOMAN TOXICITY

REFERENCES

• Broomfield C.A.D., Maxwell M., Solana R.P., Castro A., Finger A.V., Lenz D.E. Protection by Butyrylcholinesterase Against Organophosphorus Poisoning in Nonhuman Primates. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1991; 259: 633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S.D. Carboxylesterase Inhibition and Potentiation of Soman Toxicity. Arch. Toxicol. 1981; 49: 105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon J., Leadbeater L., Maidment P. The Protection of Animals Against Organophosphate Poisoning by Pretreatment with a Carbamate. Tox. Appl. Pharmacol. 1978; 43: 207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dirnhuber P., French C., Green M., Leadbeater L., Stratton A. The Protection of Primates Against Soman Poisoning by Pretreatment with Pyridostigmine. J. Pharmacol. 1979; 1: 295
   Google Scholar
• Koplovitz I., Gresham V., Kaminski A., Stewart J. Evaluation of the Toxicity and Treatment of GF Poisoning in Rhesus Monkeys. Proceedings of the NATO RSG 3 Panel VIII. 1991; 632–643
   Google Scholar
• Grunwald J., Raveh. L., Doctor P., Ashani Y. Huperzine A as a Pretreatment Cadidate Drug Against Nerve Agent Toxicity. Life Sci. 1994; 54: 991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philippens I., Wolthuis O., Busker R., Langenberg P., Melchers C. Side Effects of Physostigmine as a Pretreatment in Guinea-Pigs. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1996; 55: 99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philippens I., Busker R.W., Wolthuis W.L., Olivier B., Bruijnzeel P.L.B., Melchers B.P.C. Subchronic Physostigmine Pretreatment in Guinea-Pigs: Effective Against Soman and without Side Effect. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1997; 59: 1061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim D.K., Ito Y., Yu Z.J., Hoskins B., Ho I.K. Prevention of Soman Toxicity After the Continuous Administration of Physostigmine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1989; 31: 633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fosbraey P., Wetherell J.R., French C. Effect of Acute Physostigmine-Hyoscine Pretreatment on the Neurochemical Changes Produced by Soman in the Guinea-Pig. Neurochem. Int. 1991; 18: 265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetherell J. Continuous Administrations of Low Dose Rates of Physostigmine and Hyoscine to Guinea-Pigs Prevents the Toxicity and Reduces the Incapacition Produced by Soman Poisoning. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1994; 71: 1023
   Google Scholar
• Philippens I., Melchers B.P.C., Olivier B., Bruijnzeel P.L.B. Scopolamine Augments the Efficacy of Physostigmine Against Soman Poisoning in Guinea PigsPharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2000; 65: 175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthew C.B. Anticholinergics: Effects on Thermoregulation and Performance in Rats. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1991; 15: 141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashani Y., Peggins J., Doctor B. Mechanism of Inhibition of Cholinesterases by Huperzine A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1992; 30: 719
   Google Scholar
• Ashani Y., Grundwald J., Alkalai D., Cohen G., Raveh L. Studies with Huperzine A, a New Candidate in the Research of Prophylaxis Against Nerve Agent. Proceedings of Medical Defence Bioscience Review. 1996, 105
   Google Scholar
• Lallement G., Veyret J., Masqueliez M., Aubriot S., Burckhart M.F., Baubichon D. Efficacy of Huperzine in Preventing Soman-Induced Seizures, Neuropathological Changes and Lethality. Fund. Clin. Pharmacol. 1997; 11: 387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lallement G., Foquin A., Baubichon D., Carpentier P. Subchronic Administration of Various Pretreatments of Nerve Agent Poisoning—Part II: Compared Efficacy Against Soman Toxicity. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 2001; 24: 165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filliat P., Foquin A., Lallement G. Effects of Chronic Administration of Huperzine A on Memory in Guinea-Pigs. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 2002; 25: 9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetherell J.R., French M.C. A Comparison of the Decarbamoylation Rates of Physostigmine-Inhibited Plasma and Red Cell Cholinesterases of Man with other Species. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1991; 42: 515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ecobichon D.J., Comeau A.M. Pseudocholinesterases of Mammalian Plasma: Physicochemical Properties and Organophosphate Inhibition in Eleven Species. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1973; 24: 92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterri S., Fonnum F. Carboxylesterase, the Soman Scavenger in Rodents: Heterogeneity and Hormonal Influence. Enzymes Hydrolysing Organophosphorous Compounds, E. Reiner, W.N. Aldridge, F.C.G. Hoskinn. Ellis Horwood, Westergate 1989; 155
   Google Scholar
• Mestries J.C., Court L. Etude de la circulation cérébrale par une méthode chronique chez le macaque cynomolgus. Trav. Sci. S.S.A. 1979; 1: 345
   Google Scholar
• Mestries J.C., Court L., Gourmelon P., Milhaud C., Breteau J. Bioinstrumentation Chronique Chez le Primate: Application à l'Évaluation des Effets d'agents Agressifs sur le Système Nerveux Central. Sci. Techn. Anim. Lab. 1984; 9: 35
   Google Scholar
• Lallement G., Foquin A., Baubichon D., Aubriot S., Carpentier P. Subchronic Administration of Various Pretreatments of Nerve Agent Poisoning—Part I: Protection of Peripheral and Central Cholinesterases, Innocuousness Towards Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 2001; 24: 151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blick D.W., Kerenyi S.Z., Miller S., Murphy M.R., Brown G.C., Hartgraves S.L. Behavioral Toxicity of Anticholinesterases in Primates: Chronic Pyridostigmine and Soman Interactions. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1991; 38: 527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koplovitz I., Gresham V.C., Dochterman L.W., Kaminskis A., Stewart J.R. Evaluation of the Toxicity, Pathology, and Treatment of Cyclohexylmethylphosphonofluoridate (CMPF) Poisoning in Rhesus Monkeys. Ach. Tox. 1992; 66: 622
   Google Scholar
• Young G.S., Koplovitz I. Acute Toxicity of Cyclohexylmethylphosphonofluoridate (CMPF) in Rhesus Monkeys: Serum Biochemical and Hematologic Changes. Arch. Tox. 1995; 69: 379
   Google Scholar
• Ellman G.L.K., Courtney D., Andres V., Featherstone R.M. A New and Rapid Colorimetric Determination of Acetylcholinesterase Activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1961; 7: 88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterri S., Johnsen B.A., Fonnum F. A Radiochemical Assay Method for Carboxylesterase, and Comparison of Enzyme Activity Towards the Substrates Methyl [1-14C] Butyrate and 4-Nitrophenyl Butyrate. Bioch. Pharmacol. 1985; 34: 2779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver A. Anticholinesterases. The Biology of Cholinesterases. North-Holland publishing company, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1974; 449
   Google Scholar
• Hale S., Ved H., Doctor W.B., Tortella F. EEG Evaluation of Huperzine A, a Potential Pre-Treatement for Nerve Agent Intoxication. Proceedings of Medical Defence Bioscience Review. 2000, 77
   Google Scholar
• Pilotaz F., Masson P. L'huperzine A: un inhibiteur de l'acétylcholinestérase à fort potentiel pharmacologique. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 1999; 57: 363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar