References
- Atick J J, Redlich A N. Towards a theory of early visual processing. Neural Computation 1990a; 2: 308–20
- Atick J J. Quantitative tests of a theory of retinal processing: contrast sensitivity curves. Report. Inst. for Advanced Study IASSNS-HEP-90/51. 1990b, submitted for publication
- Atick J J. What does the retina know about natural scenes?. Neural Computation 1992a; 4: 196–210
- Atick J J. Convergent algorithm for sensory receptive field development. Report. Inst. for Advanced Study IASSNS-HEP-91/80. 1992b, submitted for publication
- Atick J J, Li Z, Redlich A N. Color coding and its interaction with spatiotemporal processing in the retina. Report. Inst. for Advanced Study IASSNS-HEP-90/75. 1990
- Atick J J. Understanding retinal color coding from first principles. Report Inst. for Advanced Study 1991, IASSNS-HEP-91/1 (1992 Neural Computation, in press)
- Atick J J. What does post-adaptation color appearance reveal about cortical color representation?. Report. Inst. for Advanced Study IASSNS-HEP-92/7. 1992, submitted for publication
- Attneave F. Some informational aspects of visual perception. Psychol. Rev. 1954; 61: 183–93
- Barlow H B. Possiple principles underlying the transformation of sensory messages. Sensory Communication, W A Rosenblith. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 1961
- Barlow H B. Perception: what quantitative laws govern the acquisition of knowledge from the senses?. Functions of the Brain, C W Coen. Clarendon, Oxford 1985
- Barlow H B. Unsupervised learning. Neural Computation 1989; 1: 295–311
- Barlow H B, Hawken M, Kaushal T P, Parker A J. Human contrast discrimination and the contrast discrimination of cortical neurons. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1987; 4: 2366–71
- Barlow H B, Foldiak P. The Computing Neuron. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA 1989
- Barlow H B, Kaushal T P, Mitchison G J. Finding minimum entropy codes. Neural Computation 1989; 1: 412–23
- Barnard G A. Statistical calculations of word entropies for four western languages. IRE Trans. Inform. Theory 1955; 1: 49–53
- Bialek W. Theoretical physics meets experimental neurobiology. Lectures in Complex Systems (SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Lecture vol II), E Jen. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, CA 1990
- Bialek W, Rieke F, de Ruyter van Steveninck R R, Warland D. Reading a neural code. Science 1991; 252: 1854–57
- Bialek W, Ruderman D L, Zee A. Optimal sampling of natural images: A design principle for the visual system?. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, R P Lippmann, J E Moody, D S Touretzky. Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo, CA 1991; 3
- Buchsbaum G, Gottschalk A. Trichromacy, opponent colours coding and optimum colour information transmission in the retina. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1983; 220: 89–113
- Campbell F W, Gubisch R W. Optical quality of the human eye. J. Physiol. 1966; 186: 558–78
- Davson H. Physiology of the Eye. Academic, London 1980
- Daw N W. Colour-coded ganglion cells in the goldfish retina: extension of their receptive fields by means of new stimuli. J. Physiol. 1968; 197: 567–92
- De Monasterio F M, McCrane E P, Newlander J K, Shein S J. Density profiles of blue-sensitive cones along the horizontal meridian of macaque retina. Invest. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1985; 26: 289–302
- Derrington A M, Krauskopf J, Lennie P. Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. J. Physiol. 1984; 357: 241–65
- De Valois R L, Morgan H, Snodderly D M. Psychophysical studies of monkey vision: III spatial luminance contrast sensitivity tests of macaque and human observers. Vision Res. 1974; 14: 75–81
- Enroth-Cugell C, Robson J G. The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat. J. Physiol. 1966; 187: 517–52
- Field D J. Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1987; 4: 2379–94
- Field D J. What the statistics of natural images tell us about visual coding. Human Vision, Visual Processing and Digital Display (Proc. SPIE 1077) 1989; 269–76
- Gallager R G. Information Theory and Reliable Communication. Wiley, New York 1968
- Geman S, Geman D. Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions, and the Bayesian restoration of images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 1984; 6: 721–41
- Goodall M C. Performance of stochastic net. Nature 1960; 185: 557–8
- Gouriet G G. A method of measuring television picture detail. Electron. Eng. 1952; 24: 308
- Harrison G W. Experiments with linear prediction in television. Bell System Tech. J. 1952; 31: 764
- Hentschel H G, Barlow H B. Minimum-entropy coding with Hopfield networks. Netw, Comput. Neural Syst. 1991; 2: 135–48
- Hinton G E, Sejnowski T J. Optimal perceptual inference. Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Washington, DC. IEEE, Piscataway, NJ 1983; 448–53
- Jacobson H. The informal capacity of the human eye. Science 1951; 113: 292–3
- Kelly D H. Adaptation effects on spatio-temporal sine-wave thresholds. Vision Res. 1972; 12: 89–101
- Kersten D. Statistical limits to image understanding. Vision: Coding and Efficiency, C Blakemore. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990
- Kretzmer E R. Statistics of television signals. Bell System Tech. J. 1952; 31: 751–63
- Kornhuber H H. Neural control of input into long term memory: limbic system and amnestic syndrome in man. Memory and Transfer of Information, H P Zippel. Plenum, New York 1973
- Laughlin S B. A simple coding procedure enhances a neuron's information capacity. Z. Naturf. 1981; 36c: 910–2
- Laughlin S B. Form and function in retinal processing. Trends Neurosci. 1987; 10: 478–83
- Laughlin S B. Coding efficiency and design in visual processing. Facets of Vision, D G Stavenga, R C Hardie. Springer, Berlin 1989
- Linsker R. Self-organization in a perceptual network. Computer March 1988, 1988; 21105–17
- Linsker R. An application of the principle of maximum information preservation to linear systems. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, D S Touretzky. Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo, CA 1989a; 1: 186–94
- Linsker R. How to generate ordered maps by maximizing the mutual information between input and output signals. Neural Computation 1989b; 1: 402–11
- Lythgoe J N. The Ecology of Vision. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1979
- Mullen K T. The contrast sensitivity of human colour vision to red-green and blue-yellow chromatic gratings. J. Physiol. 1985; 359: 381–400
- Papoulis A. Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes. McGraw-Hill, New York 1984
- Pearlmutter B A, Hinton G E. G-maximization: an unsupervised learning procedure for discovering regularities. Neural Networks for Computing (AIP Conf. Proc. 151). J S Denker. AIP, New York 1986
- Pratt F. Secret and Urgent. Blue Ribbon Books, New York 1942
- Redlich A N. Redundancy reduction as a strategy for unsupervised learning. Report. Inst. for Advanced Study IASSNS-HEP-91/87. 1991
- Schreiber W F. The measurement of third order probability distributions of television signals. IRE Trans. Inform. Theory 1956; 2: 94–105
- Shannon C E. Prediction and entropy of printed English. Bell System Tech. J. 1951; 30: 50–64
- Shannon C E, Weaver W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL 1949
- Shapley R, Enroth-Cugell C. Prog. Retinal Research 1984,. Visual adaptation and retinal gain controls; 3: 263–346
- Shaw S R. Early visual processing in insects. J. Exp. Biol. 1984; 112: 225–51
- Srinivisan M V, Laughlin S B, Dubs A. Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 1982; 216: 427–59
- Sterling P. Retina. The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, G Shepherd. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1990
- Sziklai G. Some studies in the speed of visual perception. IRE Trans. Inform. Theory 1956; 2: 125–8
- Uttley A M. Information Transmission in the Nervous System. Academic, London 1979
- Van Essen D C, Anderson C H. Information processing strategies and pathways in the primate retina and visual cortex. Introduction to Neural and Electronic Networks. Academic, Orlando, FL 1988
- Van Essen D C, Olshausen B, Anderson C H, Gallant J L. Pattern recognition, attention, and information bottlenecks in the primate visual system. Conf. on Visual Information Processing: From Neurons to Chips (SPIE Proc. 1473). 1991
- Van Nes F L, Bouman M A. Spatial modultion transfer in the human eye. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1967; 57: 401–6
- Warland D, Landolfa M A, Miller J P, Bialek W. Reading between the spikes in the cercel filiform hair receptors of the cricket. Analysis and Modeling of Neural Systems, F Eeckman. Kluwer, Norwell, MA 1992
- Watanabe S. Pattern recognition as a quest for minimum entropy. Pattern Recognition 1981; 13: 381–7
- Watanabe S. Pattern Recognition: Human and Mechanical. Wiley, New York 1985