Nitric oxide pathways in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative dementias

REFERENCES

• Paulson OB. Blood-brain barrier, brain metabolism and cerebral blood flow. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2002; 12: 495–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama H, Barger S, Barnum S, et al. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2000; 21: 383–421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGeer PL, McGeer EG. The inflammatory response system of brain: Implications for therapy of Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1995; 21: 195–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togo T, Akiyama H, Iseki E, etal. Occurrence of T cells in the brain of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 124: 83–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iseki E, Marui W, Akiyama H, etal. Degeneration process of Lewy bodies in the brains of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies using alpha-synuclein-immunohistochemistry. Neurosci Lett 2000; 286: 69–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togo T, Iseki E, Marui W, etal. Glial involvement in the degenera-tion process of Lewy body-bearing neurons and the degradation process of Lewy bodies in brains of dementia with Lewy bodies. J Neurol Sci 2001; 184: 71–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown GC, Bal-Price A. Inflammatory neurodegeneration mediated by nitric oxide, glutamate, and mitochondria. Mol Neurobiol 2003; 27: 325–355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt DS. Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: Biological functions and pathophysiology. Free Radic Res 1999; 31: 577–596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law A, Gauthier S, Quirion R. Say NO to Alzheimer's disease: The putative links between nitric oxide and dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2001; 35: 73–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furchgott RE, Zawadzki JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980; 288: 373–376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 9265–9269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 1987; 327: 524–526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marietta MA, Yoon PS, lyengar R, Leaf CD, Wishnok JS. Macro-phage oxidation of L-arginine to nitrite and nitrate: Nitric oxide is an intermediate. Biochemistry 1988; 27: 8706–8711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt DS, Snyder SH. Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 682–685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsden PA, Schappert KT, Chen HS, etal. Molecular cloning and characterization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase. FEBS Lett 1992; 307: 287–293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie QW, Cho Hi, Calaycay J, etal. Cloning and characterization of inducible nitric oxide synthase from mouse macrophages. Science 1992; 256: 225–228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock JS, Forstermann U, Mitchell JA, et al. Purification and characterization of particulate endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase from cultured and native bovine aortic endothelial cells. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 10480–10484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuehr DJ, Cho Hi, Kwon NS, etal. Purification and characteriza-tion of the cytokine-induced macrophage nitric oxide synthase: An FAD- and FMN-containing flavoprotein. Proc Nat! Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 7773–7777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan C, Xie QW. Regulation of biosynthesis of nitric oxide./ Biol Chem 1994; 269: 13725–13728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt HH, Pollock JS, Nakane M, et al. Ca2 +/calmodulin-regu lated nitric oxide synthases. Cell Calcium 1992; 13: 427–434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TJ. Nitric oxide and the cerebral vascular function./ Biomed Sci2000; 7: 16–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubes P, Kanwar S, Niu XF, Gaboury JP. Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition induces leukocyte adhesion via superoxide and mast cells. FASEB J 1993; 7:1293-1299
   Google Scholar
• Niu XF, Smith CW, Kubes P. Intracellular oxidative stress induced by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition increases endothelial cell adhesion to neutrophi Is. Circ Res 1994; 74: 1133–1140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatake K, Kakishita E, Wakabayashi I, et al. Effect of aging on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of isolated human basilar artery to thrombin and bradykinin. Stroke 1990; 21: 1039–1043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higashi Y, Oshima T, Ozono R, etal. Aging and severity of hyper-tension attenuate endothelium-dependent renal vascular relaxation in humans. Hypertension 1997; 30: 252–258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malek AM, lzumo S, Alper SL. Modulation by pathophysiological stimuli of the shear stress-induced up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells. Neurosurgery 1999; 45: 334–345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buee L, Hof PR, Bouras C, et al. Pathological alterations of the cerebral microvasculature in Alzheimer's disease and related dementing disorders. Acta Neuropathol 1994; 87: 469–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Torre JC, Mussivand T. Can disturbed brain microcirculation cause Alzheimer's disease? Neurol Res 1993; 15: 146–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancardi GL, Perdelli F, Rivano C, et al. Thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 1980; 49: 79–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Torre JC, Stefano GB. Evidence that Alzheimer's disease is a microvascular disorder: The role of constitutive nitric oxide. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2000; 34: 119–136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamamoto Y, Gaynor RB. Therapeutic potential of inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Clin Invest 2001; 107: 135–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng HB, Libby P, Liao JK. Induction and stabilization of I kappa B alpha by nitric oxide mediates inhibition of NF-kappa B. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 14214–14219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Torre JC. Alzheimer's disease: How does it start?J Alzheimers Dis 2002; 4:497–512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaria RN. Comparison between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: Implications for treatment. Neurol Res 2003; 25: 661–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart VC, Heales Si. Nitric oxide-induced mitochondria! dys-function: Implications for neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34: 287–303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akama KT, Albanese C, Pestell RG, et al. Amyloid beta-peptide stimulates nitric oxide production in astrocytes through an NFkappaB-dependent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 5795–5800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin IL, Kehrli ME Jr, Uemura E. Integrin Mac-1 and beta-amyloid in microglial release of nitric oxide. Brain Res 1997; 768: 279–286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace MN, Geddes JG, Farquhar DA, et al. Nitric oxide synthase in reactive astrocytes adjacent to beta-amyloid plaques. Exp Neurol 1997; 144: 266–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickson DW, Lee SC, Mattiace LA, et al. Microglia and cytokines in neurological disease, with special reference to AIDS and Alzheimer's disease. Glia 1993; 7: 75–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Combs CK, Karlo JC, Kao SC, et al. beta-Amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in TNFalpha-dependent expre-ssion of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci 2001; 21:1179–1188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J, Akama KT, Krafft GA, et al. Amyloid-beta peptide activates cultured astrocytes: Morphological alterations, cytokine induction and nitric oxide release. Brain Res 1998; 785: 195–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi F, Bianchini E. Synergistic induction of nitric oxide by beta-amyloid and cytokines in astrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 225: 474–478
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SC, Zhao ML, Hirano A, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the Alzheimer disease hippocampus: Associa-tion with Hirano bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1999; 58: 1163–1169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vodovotz Y, Lucia MS, Flanders KC, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase in tangle-bearing neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 1425–1433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada T, McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease are recognized by antibodies to complement proteins. Acta Neuropathol 1992; 84: 100–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsuse O, Iseki E, Kosaka K. Immunohistochemical study of the expression of cytokines and nitric oxide synthases in brains of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. Neuropathology 2003; 23:9–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar