A systematic review of electrical stimulation for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment in people with spinal cord injuries

References

• Anonymous. Spinal Cord Injury Statistics [cited 2014 Apr 23]. Available at: http://www.apparelyzed.com/statistics.html.
   Google Scholar
• National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center [cited 2014 Apr 23]. Available at: https://www.nscisc.uab.edu.
   Google Scholar
• McKinley WO, Jackson AB, Cardenas DD, DeVivo MJ. Long-term medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury: a regional model systems analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80(11):1402–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haisma JA, van der Woude LH, Stam HJ, Bergen MP, Sluis TA, Post MW. Complications following spinal cord injury: occurrence and risk factors in a longitudinal study during and after inpatient rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med 2007;39(5):393–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam EW, Mak AF, Lam WN, Evans JH, Chow YY. Pelvic movement and interface pressure distribution during manual wheelchair propulsion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84(10):1466–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ash D. An exploration of the occurrence of pressure ulcers in a British spinal injuries unit. J Clin Nurs 2002;11(4):470–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niazi ZB, Salzberg CA, Byrne DW, Viehbeck M. Recurrence of initial pressure ulcer in persons with spinal cord injuries. Adv Wound Care 1997;10(3):38–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National PU Advisory Panel and the European PU Advisory Panel (NPUAP/EPUAP). Prevention and treatment of PUs: clinical practice guideline. Washington, DC: NPUAP; 2009, p. 169.
   Google Scholar
• Cardenas DD, Hoffman JM, Kirshblum S, McKinley W. Etiology and incidence of rehospitalization after traumatic spinal cord injury: a multicenter analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85(11):1757–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dealey C, Posnett J, Walker A. The cost of pressure ulcers in the United Kingdom. J Wound Care 2012;21(6):261–2, 264, 266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. The 2005 annual statistical report for the model spinal cord injury care systems. Birmingham, AL: National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center; 2005. p. 119–22.
   Google Scholar
• Marin J, Nixon J, Gorecki C. A systematic review of risk factors for the development and recurrence of pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord 2013;51(7):522–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogie KM, Reger SI, Levine SP, Sahgal V. Electrical stimulation for pressure sore prevention and wound healing. Assist Technol 2000;12(1):50–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones ML, Mathewson CS, Adkins VK, Ayllon T. Use of behavioural contingencies to promote prevention of recurrent pressure ulcers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84(6):796–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makhsous M, Rowles DM, Rymer WZ, Bankard J, Nam EK, Chen D, et al. Periodically relieving ischial sitting load to decrease the risk of PUs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88(7):862–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogie KM, Nuseibeh I, Bader DL. Early progressive changes in tissue viability in the seated spinal cord injured subject. Paraplegia 1995;33(3):141–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferguson-Pell MW, Wilkie IC, Reswick JB, Barbenel JC. Pressure sore prevention for the wheelchair-bound spinal injury patient. Paraplegia 1980;18(1):42–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mawson AR, Biundo JJ Jr, Neville P, Linares HA, Winchester Y, Lopez A. Risk factors for early occurring pressure ulcers following spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1988;67(3):123–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivkah Isseroff R, Dahle SE. Electrical stimulation therapy and wound healing: where are we now? Adv Wound Care 2011;1(6):238–43.
   Google Scholar
• Regan MA, Teasell RW, Wolfe DL, Keast D, Mortenson WB, Aubut JL, for the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence Research Team. A systematic review of therapeutic interventions for pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90(2):213–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloth LC, Feedar JA. Acceleration of wound healing with high voltage, monophasic, pulsed current. Phys Ther 1988;68(4):503–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker LL, Rubayi S, Villar F, Demuth SK. Effect of electrical stimulation waveform on healing of ulcers in human beings with spinal cord injury. Wound Repair Regen 1996;4(1):21–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levine SP, Kett RL, Cederna PS, Brooks SV. Electric muscle stimulation for pressure sore prevention: tissue shape variation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71(3):210–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine SP, Kett RL, Cederna PS, Bowers LD, Brooks SV. Electrical muscle stimulation for pressure variation at the seating interface. J Rehabil Res Dev 1989;26(4):1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mittmann N, Chan BC, Craven BC, Isogai PK, Houghton P. Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of electrical stimulation therapy for pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92(6):866–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Londen A, Herwegh M, Zee CH, Daffertshofer A, Smit CA, Niezen A, et al. The effect of surface electric stimulation of the gluteal muscles on the interface pressure in seated people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89(9):1724–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 1996;17(1):1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu LQ, Pengel LH, Morris PJ. CONSORT compliance and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials in solid organ transplantation, a 3-year overview. Transpl Int 2013;26(3):300–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52(6):377–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding R, Karus D, Easterbrook P, Raveis VH, Higginson IJ, Marconi K. Does palliative care improve outcomes for patients with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review of the evidence. Sex Transm Infect 2005;81(1):5–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clucas C, Sibley E, Harding R, Liu L, Catalan J, Sherr L. A systematic review of interventions for anxiety in people with HIV. Psychol Health Med 2011;16(5):528–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adegoke BO, Badmos KA. Acceleration of pressure ulcer healing in spinal cord injured patients using interrupted direct current. Afr J Med Med Sci 2001;30(3):195–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffin JW, Tooms RE, Mendius RA, Clifft JK, Vander Zwaag R, El-Zeky F. Efficacy of high voltage pulsed current for healing of PUs in patients with spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 1991;71(6):433–42; discussion 442–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyawali S, Solis L, Chong SL, Curtis C, Seres P, Kornelsen I, et al. Intermittent electrical stimulation redistributes pressure and promotes tissue oxygenation in loaded muscles of individuals with spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011;110(1):246–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton PE, Campbell KE, Fraser CH, Harris C, Keast DH, Potter J, et al. Electrical stimulation therapy increases rate of healing of pressure ulcers in community-dwelling people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91(5):669–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jercinovic A, Karba R, Vodovnik L, Stefanovska A, Kroselj P, Turk R, et al. Low frequency pulsed current and PU healing. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 1994;2(4):225–33.
   Google Scholar
• Karba R, Semrov D, Vodovnik L, Benko H, Savrin R. Direct current electrical stimulation for chronic wound healing enhancement. Part 1: clinical study and determination of electrical field distribution in the numerical wound model. In Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 1997;43:265–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Ho CH, Wang X, Bogie K. The use of sensory electrical stimulation for PU prevention. Physiother Theory Pract 2010;26(8):528–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stefanovska A, Vodovnik L, Benko H, Turk R. Treatment of chronic wounds by means of electric and electromagnetic fields. Part 2. Value of FES parameters for pressure sore treatment. Med Biol Eng Comput 1993;31(3):213–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrofsky JS. Health care benefits in patients who are involved in an electrical stimulation exercise program. J Neurol Orthop Med Surg 1992;13:249–54.
   Google Scholar
• Bogie KM, Triolo RJ. Effects of regular use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on tissue health. J Rehabil Res Dev 2003;40(6):469–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson AC, Keating JF, Delargy MA, Andrews BJ. Reduction of seating pressure using FES in patients with spinal cord injury. A preliminary report. Paraplegia 1992;30(7):474–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levine SP, Kett RL, Gross MD, Wilson BA, Cederna PS, Juni JE. Blood flow in the gluteus maximus of seated individuals during electrical muscle stimulation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71(9):682–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu LQ, Nicholson GP, Knight SL, Chelvarajah R, Gall A, Middleton FRI, et al. Interface pressure and cutaneous hemoglobin and oxygenation changes under ischial tuberosities during sacral nerve root stimulation in spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev 2006;43(4):553–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu LQ, Nicholson GP, Knight SL, Chelvarajah R, Gall A, Middleton FRI, et al. Pressure changes under the ischial tuberosities of seated individuals during sacral nerve root stimulation. J Rehabil Res Dev 2006;43(2):209–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawson AR, Siddiqui FH, Connolly BJ, Sharp CJ, Stewart GW, Summer WR, et al. Effect of high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation on sacral transcutaneous oxygen tension levels in the spinal cord injured. Paraplegia 1993;31(5):311–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Recio AC, Felter CE, Schneider AC, McDonald JW. High-voltage electrical stimulation for the management of Stage III and IV pressure ulcers among adults with spinal cord injury: demonstration of its utility for recalcitrant wounds below the level of injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2012;35(1):58–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit CAJ, Haverkamp GLG, de Groot S, Stolwijk-Swuste JM, Janssen TWJ. Effects of electrical stimulation-induced gluteal versus gluteal and hamstring muscles activation on sitting pressure distribution in persons with a spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2012;50(8):590–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit CAJ, Zwinkels M, van Dijk T, de Groot S, Stolwijk-Swuste JM, Janssen TWJ. Gluteal blood flow and oxygenation during electrical stimulation-induced muscle activation versus pressure relief movements in wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2013;51(9):694–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trontelj K, Karba R, Vodovnik L, Savrin R, Strukelj MP. Treatment of chronic wounds by lower frequency pulsed electrical current. J Tissue Viability 1994;4(4):105–9.
   Google Scholar
• Wu GA, Lombardo L, Triolo RJ, Bogie KM. The effects of combined trunk and gluteal neuromuscular electrical stimulation on posture and tissue health in spinal cord injury. PM R 2013;5(8):688–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bogie KM, Wang X, Triolo RJ. Long-term prevention of pressure ulcers in high-risk patients: a single case study of the use of gluteal neuromuscular electric stimulation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(4):585–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippert-Grüner M. Gluteal neuromuscular stimulation in therapy and prophylaxis of recurrent sacral pressure ulcers. Spinal Cord 2003;41(6):365–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rischbieth H, Jelbart M, Marshall R. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation keeps a tetraplegic subject in his chair: a case study. Spinal Cord 1998;36(6):443–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack SF, Ragnarsson KT, Dijkers M. The effect of electrically induced lower extremity ergometry on an ischial pressure ulcer: a case study. J Spinal Cord Med 2004;27(2):143–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanoncini M, Holderbaum W, Andrews BJ. Activation of lower back muscles via FES for pressure sores prevention in paraplegia: a case study. J Med Eng Technol 2010;34(3):224–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sussman C, Byl N. Electrical stimulation for wound healing. Wound care collaborative practice manual for physical therapists and nurses. New York: Aspen Publishers; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Bourguignon GJ, Bourguignon LYW. Electric stimulation of protein and DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. FASEB J 1987;1(5):398–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar