Prevalence of anemia and correlation with biomarkers and specific antiretroviral regimens in 9690 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: findings of the Anemia Prevalence Study^*

References

• Creagh-Kirk T, Doi P, Andrews E, et al. Survival experience among patients with AIDS receiving zidovudine. Follow-up of patients in a compassionate plea program. JAMA 1988;260:3009–15
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Chu SY, et al. Epidemiology of anaemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons: results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease surveillance project. Blood 1998;91:301–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocroft A, Kirk O, Barton SE, et al. Anaemia is an independent predictive marker for clinical prognosis in HIV-infected patients from across Europe. AIDS 1999;13:943–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Gatell JM, et al. A clinically prognostic scoring system for patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from the EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis 2002;185:178–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine AM, Berhane K, Masri-Lavine L, et al. Prevalence and correlates of anaemia in a large cohort of HIV-infected women: Women’s Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;26:28–35
   Google Scholar
• Semba RD, Shah N, Klein RS, et al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research Study Group. Prevalence and cumulative incidence of and risk factors for anaemia in a multicenter cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected women. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:260–6
   Google Scholar
• Moyle G. Anaemia in persons with HIV infection: prognostic marker and contributor to morbidity. AIDS Rev 2002;4:13–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Creagh T, Mildvan D, Bohn H, et al. A case-control study to examine the association of anaemia with HIV/AIDS progression: results from the 1996 enrollment cohort. Presented at the First IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment; July 8–11, 2001; Buenos Aires, Argentina
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson MA, Hopewell PC, Yajko DM, et al. Natural history of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in AIDS. J Infect Dis 1991;164:994–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koduri PR. Parvovirus B19-related anaemia in HIV-infected patients. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2000;14:7–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulkowski MS. Anaemia in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37(Suppl 4):S315–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman HA, Goon B, Bowers P, Leitz G, 010 Study Group. Once-weekly epoetin alfa dosing is as effective as three times-weekly dosing in increasing hemoglobin levels and is associated with improved quality of life in anemic HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;34:368–78
   Google Scholar
• Saag MS, Bowers PJ, Leitz GH, Levine AM, for the CHAMPS Study Group. Once-weekly epoetin alfa improves quality of life and increases hemoglobin in anemic HIV⁺ patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004;20:1037–45
   Google Scholar
• Revicki DA, Brown RE, Henry DH, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin and health-related quality of life of AIDS patients with anaemia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1994;7:474–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrams DI, Steinhart C, Frascino R. Epoetin alfa therapy for anaemia in HIV-infected patients: impact on quality of life. Int J STD AIDS 2000;11:659–65
   Google Scholar
• Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE. Anaemia and survival in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998;19:29–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan P. Associations of anaemia, treatments for anaemia, and survival in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 2002;185(Suppl 2):S138–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1998;338:853–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy EL, Collier AC, Kalish LA, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy decreases mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced HIV disease. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:17–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore RD, Forney D. Anaemia in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002;29:54–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba RD, Shah N, Vlahov D. Improvement of anaemia among HIV-infected injection drug users receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;2:315–19
   Google Scholar
• Servais J, Nkoghe D, Schmit JC, et al. HIV-associated hematologic disorders are correlated with plasma viral load and improve under highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;28:221–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanelli F, Empey K, Pomeroy C. Macrocytosis as an indicator of medication (zidovudine) adherence in patients with HIV infection. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2002;16:405–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Chu SY, et al. Epidemiology of anaemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons: results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease surveillance project. Blood 1998;91:301–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyer-Silva WA, Arabe J, Pinto JF, Morais-De-Sa CA. Macrocytosis in patients on stavudine. Scand J Infect Dis 2001;33:239–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geene D, Sudre P, Anwar D, et al. Causes of macrocytosis in HIV-infected patients not treated with zidovudine. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. J Infect 2000;40:160–3
   Google Scholar
• Guralnik JM, Eisenstaedt RS, Ferrucci L, Klein HG, Woodman RC. Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia. Blood 2004;104: 2263–8
   Google Scholar
• Belperio PS, Rhew DC. Prevalence and outcomes of anaemia in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 2004;116:27S–43S
   Google Scholar
• Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention and control. A guide for programme managers. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001. Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/anaemia/en/. [Last accessed 31 October 2005]
   Google Scholar
• Volberding PA, Levine AM, Dieterich D, et al. Anaemia in HIV infection: clinical impact and evidence-based management strategies. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1454–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark R, Broyles S, Theall K. Association between antiretroviral use and selected characteristics. Presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; October 6–9, 2005; San Francisco, 2005. Abstract 759 and poster
   Google Scholar
• Sarcletti M, Quirchmair G, Weiss G, et al. Increase of haemoglobin levels by anti-retroviral therapy is associated with a decrease in immune activation. Eur J Haematol 2003;70:17–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazenberg MD, Otto SA, van Benthem BH, et al. Persistent immune activation in HIV-1 infection is associated with progression to AIDS. AIDS 2003;17:1881–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills TS, Nadler JP, Somboonwit C, et al. Anaemia prevalence and associated risk factors in a single-center ambulatory HIV clinical cohort. AIDS Reader 2004;14:305–310, 313–5
   Google Scholar