MRI total sagittal abdominal diameter as a predictor of metabolic syndrome compared to visceral fat at L4–L5 level

References

• World Health Organization. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. Introduction. Sydney: World Health Organization, 2000;8
   Google Scholar
• National Audit Office. Tackling Obesity in EnglandLondon: House of Commons Stationery Office, 2001;Part 1. 7–11
   Google Scholar
• Seidell JC, Rissanen AM. Time trends in the worldwide prevalence of obesity. Textbook of ObesityBray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999;41–77
   Google Scholar
• Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Ribb EB, . Obesity, fat distribution and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in man. Diab Care 1994; 17:961–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopelman PG. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 2000; 404:635–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. Identify metabolic syndrome and treatment. In ATPIII Guidelines at a Glance. Publication No. 01–3305Washington: National Institutes of Health, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome-a new world wide-definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med 2006; 23:469–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzo C, Williams K, Hunt KJ, . The National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation and World Health Organization Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome as Predictors of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Diab Care 2007; 30:8–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong PC, Kong AP, Yee So W, . The Usefulness of the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in predicting Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Diab Care 2007; 30:1206–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McTernan PG, Fisher FM, Valsamakis G, . Resistin and type 2 diabetes: regulation of resistin expression by insulin and rosiglitasone and the effects of recombinant resistin on lipid and glucose metabolism in human differentiated adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:6098–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaturu S, Daberry RP, Rains J, . Resistin and adiponectin levels in subjects with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes. Cytokine 2006; 34:219–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavusoglou E, Ruwende C, Chopra V, . Adiponectin is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:2300–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han TS, Lean MEJ. Anthropometric indices of obesity and regional distribution of fat depots. International Textbook of ObesityBjorntorp P. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2001;51–65
   Google Scholar
• Valsamakis G, Chetty R, Anwar A, . Association of simple anthropometric measures of obesity with visceral fat and the metabolic syndrome in male Caucasian and Indo-Asian subjects. Diabet Med 2004; 21:1339–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamboni M, Turcato E, Armellini F, . Sagittal abdominal diameter as a practical predictor of visceral fat. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998; 22:655–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riserus U, Arnlov J, Brismar K, . Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong anthropometric marker of insulin resistance and hyperproinsulinemia in obese men. Diab Care 2004; 27:2041–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersson H, Daryani A, Riserus U. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker of inflammation and insulin resistance among immigrant women from the Middle east and native Swedish women: a cross sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007; 28:6–10
   Google Scholar
• Ross R, Leger L, Morris DV, . Quantification of adipose tissue by MRI: relationship with anthropometric variables. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72:787–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han TS, Kelly IE, Walsh K, . Relationship between volumes and areas from single transverse scans of intra-abdominal fat measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21:1161–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kullberg J, von Below C, Lonn L, . Practical approach for estimation of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2007; 27:148–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organisation Expert Committee. Second Report on Diabetes Mellitus. Tech Rep Ser 646. Geneva: WHO 1980
   Google Scholar
• Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, . Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta cell function from fasting glucose and insulin concentration in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28:412–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asayama K, Dobashi K, Hayashibe H, . Threshold values of visceral fat measures and their anthropometric alternatives for metabolic derangement in Japanese obese boys. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26:208–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohrvall M, Berglund L, Vessby B. Sagittal abdominal diameter compared with other anthropometric measurements in relation to cardiovascular risk. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24:497–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulliot MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S, . Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73:460–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turcato E, Bosello O, Di Francesco V, . Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter as surrogates of body fat distribution in the elderly: their relation with cardiovascular risk factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24:1005–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takami R, Takeda N, Hayashi M, . Body fatness and fat distribution as predictors of metabolic abnormalities and early carotid atherosclerosis. Diab Care 2001; 24:1248–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SR, Lovejoy JC, Greenway F, . Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity. Metabolism 2001; 50:425–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullo M, Garcia-Lorda P, Megias I, . Systemic inflammation, adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and leptin expression. Obes Res 2003; 11:525–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar