293
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cardiology: Original Articles

Sample size requirements in trials using repeated measurements and the impact of trial design

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 681-688 | Accepted 19 Mar 2012, Published online: 25 Apr 2012

References

  • Sullivan LM. Repeated measures. Circulation 2008;117:1238-43
  • Schlesselman JJ. Planning a longitudinal study. I. Sample size determination. J Chronic Dis 1973;26:553-60
  • Schlesselman JJ. Planning a longitudinal study. II. Frequency of measurement and study duration. J Chronic Dis 1973;26:561-70
  • Fitzmaurice G, Laird N, Ware J. Applied Longitudinal Analysis. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley & Sons, 2004
  • Crouse III JR, Raichlen JS, Riley WA, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima–media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007;297:1344-53
  • Crouse III JR, Grobbee DE, O'Leary DH, et al. Measuring Effects on intima media Thickness: an Evaluation Of Rosuvastatin in subclinical atherosclerosis – the rationale and methodology of the METEOR study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2004;18:231-8
  • Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Common carotid intima–media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. Circulation 1997;96:1432-7
  • O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1999;340:14-22
  • Espeland MA, O'Leary DH, Terry JG, et al. Carotid intimal-media thickness as a surrogate for cardiovascular disease events in trials of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med 2005;6:3
  • Wang JG, Staessen JA, Li Y, et al. Carotid intima–media thickness and antihypertensive treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2006;37:1933-40
  • Espeland MA, Craven TE, Riley WA, et al. Reliability of longitudinal ultrasonographic measurements of carotid intimal–medial thicknesses. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study Research Group. Stroke 1996;27:480-5
  • Furberg CD, Adams HP Jr, Applegate WB, et al. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation 1994;90:1679-87
  • Lonn E, Yusuf S, Dzavik V, et al. Effects of ramipril and vitamin E on atherosclerosis: the study to evaluate carotid ultrasound changes in patients treated with ramipril and vitamin E (SECURE). Circulation 2001;103:919-25
  • Mercuri M, Bond MG, Sirtori CR, et al. Pravastatin reduces carotid intima–media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic Mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study. Am J Med 1996;101:627-34
  • Pitt B, Byington RP, Furberg CD, et al. Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events. PREVENT Investigators. Circulation 2000;102:1503-10
  • Smilde TJ, van WS, Wollersheim H, et al. Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001;357:577-81
  • Overall JE, Doyle SR. Estimating sample sizes for repeated measurement designs. Control Clin Trials 1994;15:100-23
  • Dupont WD, Plummer WD Jr. Power and sample size calculations for studies involving linear regression. Control Clin Trials 1998;19:589-601
  • Peters SA, Palmer MK, Grobbee DE, et al. Effect of number of ultrasound examinations on the assessment of carotid intima-media thickness changes over time: the example of the METEOR study. J Hypertens 2011;29:1145-54
  • White IR, Horton NJ, Carpenter J, et al. Strategy for intention to treat analysis in randomised trials with missing outcome data. BMJ 2011;342:d40
  • Bots ML, Palmer MK, Dogan S, et al. Intensive lipid lowering may reduce progression of carotid atherosclerosis within 12 months of treatment: the METEOR study. J Intern Med 2009;265:698-707
  • Bots ML, Visseren FL, Evans GW, et al. Torcetrapib and carotid intima–media thickness in mixed dyslipidaemia (RADIANCE 2 study): a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2007;370:153-60
  • Kastelein JJ, Akdim F, Stroes ES, et al. Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1431-43
  • Kastelein JJ, van Leuven SI, Burgess L, et al. Effect of torcetrapib on carotid atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1620-30

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.