The Relationship Between Adolescent Smoking and Drinking and Likelihood Estimates of Illicit Drug Use

References

• Ary , D V , Tildesley , E , Hops , H and Andrews , J A . 1993 . The influence of parent, sibling, and peer modeling and attitudes on adolescent use of alcohol . Int J Addict , 28 : 853 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , C C , Greenlund , K J , Webber , L S and Berenson , G S . 1997 . Alcohol first use and attitudes among young children . J Child Fam Stud , 6 : 359 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen , B A and Goldman , M S . 1983 . Alcohol-related expectancies versus demographic background variables in the prediction of adolescent drinking . J Consult Clin Psychol , 51 : 249 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen , B A , Smith , G T , Roehling , P V and Goldman , M S . 1989 . Using alcohol expectancies to predict adolescent drinking behavior at one year . J Consult Clin Psy-chol , 57 : 93 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , M L , Russell , M , Skinner , J B , Frone , M R and Mudar , P. 1992 . Stress and alcohol use: moderating effects of gender, coping, and alcohol expectancies . J Abnorm Psy-chol , 101 : 139 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , P B and Gurin , G. 1994 . Negative affect, alcohol expectancies and alcohol-related problems . Addiction , 89 : 581 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel , D B . 1975 . Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use . Science , 190 : 912 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming , R , Leventhal , H , Glynn , K and Ershler , J. 1989 . The role of cigarettes in the initiation and progression of early substance use . Addict Behav , 14 : 261 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel , D B , Yamaguchi , K and Chen , K. 1992 . Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory . J Stud Alcohol , 53 : 447 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel , D B . 1998 . In Gross J. Young Blacks link tobacco use to marijuana . New York Times , April 22
   Google Scholar
• Department U. S. of Health and Human Services . 1998 . Tobacco Use among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups. A report of the Surgeon General , Atlanta, GA : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Promotion .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , P B and Johnson , H L . Cultural and family influences that maintain adolescent alcohol abstinence . J Stud Alcohol , In press
   Google Scholar