27
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Is Fibromyalgia a Central Pain State?

Pages 45-57 | Published online: 16 Jan 2010

REFERENCES

  • Wolfe F, Smythe H A, Yunus M B, Bennett R M, Bombardier C, Goldenberg D L, Tugwell P, Campbell S M, Abeles M, Clark P, Fam A G, Farber S J, Fiechtner J J, Franklin C M, Gatter R A, Hamaty D, Lessard J, Lichtbroun A S, Masi A T, McCain G A, Reynolds W J, Romano T J, Russell I J, Sheon R P. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia: Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 22: 160–172
  • Sörensen J, Bengtsson A, Bäckman E, Henriksson K G, Bengtsson M. Pain analysis in patients with fibromyalgia. Effects of intravenous morphine, lidocaine and ketamine. Scand J Rheumatol 1995; 24: 360–365
  • Sörensen J, Bengtsson A, Ahlner J, Henriksson K G, Ekselius L. Fibromyalgia—Are there different mechanisms in the processing of pain?. J Rheumatology 1997; 24: 1615–1621
  • Sörenson J, Graven-Nielsen T, Henriksson K G, Bengtsson M, Arendt-Nielsen L. Hyperexcitability in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatology 1998; 25: 152–155
  • Graven-Nielsen T, Aspegren Kendall S, Henriksson K G, Bengtsson M, Sorensen J, Johnson A, Gerdle B, Arendt-Nielsen L. Ketamine reduces muscle pain, temporal summation, and referred pain in fibromyalgia patients. Pain 2000; 85: 483–491
  • Staud R, Vierck C J, Cannon R L, Mauderli A P, Price D D. Abnormal sensitization and temporal summation of second pain (wind-up) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 2001; 91: 165–175
  • Arroyo J F, Cohen M L. Abnormal responses to electrocutaneous stimulation in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 1993; 20: 1925–1931
  • Vecchiet L, Giamberardino M A, de Bigontina P, . Comparative sensory evaluation of parietal tissues in painful and nonpainful areas in fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome. Progress in Pain Research and Management. G F Gebhart, D L Hammond, T S Jensen, et al. IASP Press, Seattle 1994; 2: 177–185
  • Yu X M, Mense S. Response properties and descending control of rat dorsal horn neurons with deep receptive fields. Neuroscience 1990; 39: 823–831
  • Bendtsen L, Norregaard J, Jensen R, Olesen J. Evidence of qualitatively altered nociception in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40(1)98–102
  • Gibson S J, Littlejohn G O, Gorman M M, Helme R D, Granges G. Altered heat pain thresholds and cerebral event-related potentials following painful CO2 laser stimulation in subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 1994; 58: 185–193
  • Lorentz J, Grasedck K, Bromm B. Middle and long latency somatosensory evoked potentials after painful laser stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Electroencephalography & Clin Neurophysiol 1996; 100: 165–168
  • Kosek E, Ekholm J, Hansson P. Modulation of pressure pain thresholds during and following isometric contraction in patients with fibromyalgia and in healthy controls. Pain 1996; 64: 415–423
  • Kosek E, Hansson P. Modulatory influence on somatosensory perception from vibration and heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation [HNCS] in fibromyalgia patients and healthy subjects. Pain 1997; 70: 41–51
  • Mountz J M, Bradley L A, Modell J G, Alexander R W, Triana-Alexander M, Aaron L A, Stewart K E, Alarcon G S, Mountz J D. Fibromyalgia in women. Abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamus and the caudate nucleus are associated with low pain threshold levels. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38(7)926–938
  • Bradley L A, McKendree-Smith N L, Alberts K R, Alarcon G S, Mountz J M, Deutsch G. Use of neuroimaging to understand abnormal pain sensitivity in fibromyalgia. Current Rheumatology Reports 2000; 2: 141–148
  • Russell I J, Orr M D, Littman B Vipraio G A, Alboukrek D, Michalek J E, Lopez Y, MacKillip F. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 1593–1601
  • Lindh C, Liu Z, Lyrenäs S, Ordeberg G, Nyberg F. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid substance P-like immunoreactivity in patients with painful osteoarthritis, but not in patients with rhizopatic pain from a herniated lumbar disc. Scand J Rheumatol. 1997
  • Kosek E, Ordeberg G. Abnormalities of somatosensory perception in patients with painful osteoarthritis normalize following successful treatment. European J Pain 2000; 4: 229–238
  • Kosek E, Ordeberg G. Lack of pressure pain modulation by heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation in patients with painful osteoarthritis before, but not following, surgical pain relief. Pain 2000; 88: 69–78
  • Buskila D, Neumann L, Hazanov I. Familiar aggregation in fibromyalgia syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1996; 26: 605
  • Offenbaecher M, Bondy B, de Jonge S, Glatzeder K, Kruger M, Schoeps P, Ackenheil M. Possible association of fibromyalgia with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Arhritis Rheum 1999; 42: 2482–2488
  • Ekselius L, Bengtsson A, von Knorring L. Personality traits as determined by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality in patients with fibromyalgia. J Musculoske Pain 1998; 6(2)35–49
  • Keogh E, Mansoor L. Investigating the effects of anxiety sensitivity and coping on the perception of cold pressor pain in healthy women. European J Pain 2001; 5: 11–25
  • Pillemer S R, Bradley L A, Crofford L J, Moldofsky H, Chrousos G P. The neuro-science and endocrinology of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1928–1939
  • Russell I J, Vipraio G A. Serotonin [5HT] in serum and platelets [PLT] from fibromyalgia patients [FS] and normal controls [NC]. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37(suppl)S214
  • Russell I J. Neurochemical pathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome. J Musculoske Pain 1999; 7(1/2)183–191
  • Ernberg M, Hedenberg-Magnusson B, Alstergren P, Kopp S. The level of serotonin in the superficial masseter muscle in relation to local pain and allodynia. Life Sci 1999; 65: 313–325
  • Blomqvist A. Sex hormones and pain: A new role for brain aromatase?. J Comparative neurology 2000; 423: 549–551
  • Samad T A, Moore K A, Sapirstein A, Billet S, Allchorne A, Poole S, Bonventre J V, Woolf C J. Interleukin-1?-mediated induction of Cox-2 in the CNS contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Nature 2001; 410: 471–475
  • Ek M, Engblom D, Saha S, Blomqvist A, Jakobsson P J, Ericsson-Dahlstrand A. Pathway across the blood-brain barrier. Nature 2001; 410: 430–431
  • Watkins L R, Maier S F, Goehler L E. Immune activation: the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammation, illness responses and pathological pain states. Pain 1995; 63: 289–302
  • Roth S M, Martel G F, Rogers M A. Muscle biopsy and muscle fiber hyper-contraction: a brief review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 83: 239–245
  • Eneström S, Bengtsson A, Frödin T. Dermal IgG deposits and increase of mast cells in patients with fibromyalgia—relevant findings or epiphenomena?. Scand J Rheumatol 1997; 26: 308–313
  • Bengtsson M, Bengtsson A, Jorfeldt L. Diagnostic epidural opioid blockade in primary fibromyalgia at rest and during exercise. Pain 1989; 39: 171–180
  • Bengtsson A, Henriksson K G, Jorfeldt L, Kagedal B, Lennmarken C, Lindstrom F. Primary fibromyalgia. A clinical and laboratory study of 55 patients. Scand J Rheumatol 1986; 15: 340–347
  • Lápossy E, Maleitzke R, Hrycaj P, Mennet W, Muller W. The frequency of transition of chronic low back pain to fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 1995; 24: 29–53
  • Buskila D, Neumann L, Vaisberg G, Alkalay D, Wolfe F. Increased rates of fibromyalgia following cervical injury. A controlled study of 161 cases of traumatic injury. Arthritis Rheum 1986; 29: 817–821
  • Mense S. Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain. Pain 1993; 54: 241–289
  • Lund N, Bengtsson A, Thorborg P. Muscle tissue oxygen pressure in primary fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 1986; 15: 165–173
  • Lindman R, Hagberg M, Bengtsson A, Soderlund K, Hultman E, Thornell L E. Capillary structure and mitochondrial volume density in the trapezius muscle of chronic trapezius myalgia, fibromyalgia and healthy subjects. J Musculoske Pain 1995; 3: 5–22
  • Bengtsson A, Henriksson K G, Larsson J. Reduced high-energy phosphate levels in the painful muscles of patients with primary fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 1986; 29: 817–821
  • Simms R W, Ray S H, Hrovat M, Anderson J J, Kimmels A, Zerbini C F, DeLuca C, Jolesz F. Lack of association between fibromyalgia syndrome and abnormalities in muscle energy metabolism. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 794–800
  • Park J H, Phothimat P, Oates C O, Hernanz-Schulman M, Olsen N J. Use of P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect metabolic abnormalities in muscles of patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41(3)406–413
  • Elert J, Kendall S A, Larsson B, Mansson B, Gerdle B. Chronic pain and difficulty in relaxing postural muscles in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic whiplash associated disorders. J Rheumatol 2001; 28: 1361–1368

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.