Exploring the Relationship Between Race and Ecstasy Involvement Among a Sample of Arrestees

References

• Amey , C. H. and Albrecht , S. L. 1998 . Race and ethnic differences in adolescent drug use: The impact of family structure and the quantity and quality of parental interaction . Journal of Drug Issues , 28 ( 2 ) : 283 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , J. and Rosenbaum , M. 1994 . In Pursuit of Ecstasy , New York, NY : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bolla , K. I. , McCann , U. D. and Ricaurte , G. A. 1999 . Memory impairment in abstinent MDMA (“ecstasy”) users . Neurology , 51 : 1532 – 1537 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chilcoat , H. D. and Schutz , C. G. 1995 . Racial/ethnic and age differences in crack use within neighborhoods . Addiction Research , 3 ( 2 ) : 103 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo , R. , Williams , L. and Schmeidler , J. 1994 . Cocaine selling among urban black and white adolescent males . International Journal of the Addictions , 29 ( 14 ) : 1813 – 1834 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer , G. R. and Tolbert , R. 1998 . A method of conducting therapeutic sessions with MDMA . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 30 ( 4 ) : 371 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer , G. R. and Tolbert , R. 1990 . “ The therapeutic use of MDMA. ” . In Ecstasy: The Clinical, Pharmacological and Neurotoxic Effects of the Drug MDMA , Edited by: Peroutka , S. J. 21 – 35 . Norwell, MA : Kluwar Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Grinspoon , L. 1985 . Written Testimony Submitted on Behalf of Dr. Grinspoon and Greer, Professors Bakalar and Roberts , (Drug Enforcement Administration Law Hearings, Docket No. 84–48) Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice .
   Google Scholar
• Grinspoon , L. and Bakalar , J. B. 1986 . Can drugs be used to enhance the psychotherapeutic process? . American Journal of Psychotherapy , 40 ( 3 ) : 393 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayner , G. N. and McKinney , H. E. 1986 . MDMA: The dark side of ecstasy . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 18 : 341 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , J. A. 1992 . Ecstasy and the dance of death . British Medical Journal , 305 : 5 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , J. A. , Jeffreys , K. J. and Dawling , S. 1992 . Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy”) . Lancet , 340 : 284 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , J. H. , Welte , J. W. and Barnes , G. M. 2001 . Co-occurrence of alcohol and cigarette use among adolescents . Addictive Behaviors , 26 : 63 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsten , D. W. and Schieser , D. W. 1986 . Controls over the manufacture of MDMA . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 18 ( 4 ) : 371 – 372 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. D. , O'Malley , P. M. and Bachman , J. G. 2001 . National Survey Results on Drug Use from the Monitoring the Future Study, (2000) (Volume I). , Rockville, MD : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• Kandel , D. B. , Single , E. and Kessler , R. 1976 . The epidemiology of drug use among New York state high school students: Distribution, trends, and changes in rates of use . American Journal of Public Health , 66 : 43 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karch , S. 1992 . “Ecstasy”: The dance of death . Forensic Drug Abuse Advisor , 4 ( 7 ) : 49 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Lawn , J. C. 1988 . Schedules of controlled substances: Scheduling of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act . Federal Register , 51 ( 198 ) : 36552 – 36560 .
   Google Scholar
• Lawn , J. C. 1985 . Schedules of controlled substances: Temporary placement of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) into Schedule I . Federal Register , 50 ( 105 ) : 23118 – 23120 .
   Google Scholar
• Long , J. S. 1997 . Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables , California : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• McCann , U. D. , Ridenour , A. , Shaman , Y. and Ricaurte , G. A. 1994 . Serotonin neurotoxicity after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”), A controlled study . Neuropsychopharmacology , 10 ( 2 ) : 129 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , M. J. 2000 . Ecstasy (MDMA), A review of its possible persistent psychological effects . Psychopharmacology , 152 ( 3 ) : 230 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen , F. M. 1984 . Schedules of controlled substances: Proposed placement of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine into Schedule I . Federal Register , 49 ( 146 ) : 30210 – 30211 .
   Google Scholar
• Oetting , E. R. , Deffenbacher , J. L. , Taylor , M. J. , Luther , N. , Beauvais , F. and Edwards , R. W. 2000 . Methamphetamine use by high school seniors: Recent trends, gender and ethnicity differences, and use of other drugs . Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse , 10 ( 1 ) : 33 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrott , A. C. , Sisk , E. and Turner , J. J.D. 2000 . Psychobiological problems in heavy “ecstasy” (MDMA) polydrug users . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 60 : 105 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peroutka , S. J. 1987 . Incidence of recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) on an undergraduate campus . New England Journal of Medicine , 317 ( 24 ) : 1542 – 1543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peroutka , S. J. , Newman , H. and Harris , H. 1988 . Subjective effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in recreational users . Neuropsychopharmacology , 1 : 273 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randolph , W. F. 1984 . International drug scheduling: Convention on psychotropic substances, stimulant and/or hallucinogenic drugs . Federal Register , 49 ( 140 ) : 29273 – 29274 .
   Google Scholar
• Ricaurte , G. A. , McCann , U. D. , Szabo , Z. and Scheffel , U. 2000 . Toxicodynamics and long-term toxicity of the recreational drug, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) . Toxicology Letters , 112–113 : 143 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricaurte , G. A. , Bryan , G. , Strauss , L. , Seiden , L. and Schuster , C. 1985 . Hallucinogenic amphetamine selectively destroys brain serotonin nerve terminals . Science , 229 : 986 – 988 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour , R. B. 1986 . MDMA , San Francisco, CA : Haight-Asbury Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Shulgin , A. 1990 . “ History of MDMA. ” . In Ecstasy: The Clinical, Pharmacological and Neurotoxic Effects of the Drug MDMA , Edited by: Peroutka , S. J. 1 – 20 . Norwell, MA : Kluwar Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Shulgin , A. 1985 . What is MDMA? . PharmChem Newsletter , 14 ( 3 ) : 3–5 – 10–11 .
   Google Scholar
• Shulgin , A. and Nichols , D. 1978 . “ Characterization of three new psychotomimetics ” . In The Psychopharmacology of Hallucinogens , Edited by: Stillman , R. J. and Willette , R. E. New York, NY : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Solowij , N. , Hall , W. and Lee , N. 1992 . Recreational MDMA use in Sydney: A profile of ‘ecstasy’ users and their experiences with the drug . British Journal of Addictions , 87 : 1161 – 1172 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wallace , J. M. and Bachman , J. G. 1991 . Explaining racial/ethnic differences in adolescent drug use: The impact of background and lifestyle . Social Problems , 38 ( 3 ) : 333 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warheit , G. J. and Vega , W. A. 1996 . A comparative analysis of cigarette, alcohol and illicit drug use among an ethnically diverse sample of Hispanic, African-American, and non-Hispanic white adolescents . Journal of Drug Issues , 26 ( 4 ) : 901 – 922 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yacoubian G. under review. Assessing the temporal relationship between race and ecstasy use among high school seniors . Journal of Drug Education ,
   Google Scholar
• Yacoubian , G. Correlates of ecstasy use among 10th graders surveyed through Monitoring the Future . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , in press
   Google Scholar
• Yacoubian , G. , Arria , A. , Fost , E. and Wish , E. D. Estimating the prevalence of ecstasy use among juvenile offenders . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , in press
   Google Scholar
• Yacoubian , G. and Urbach , B. J. under review. Exploring the temporal relationship between race and the use of ecstasy: Findings from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs ,
   Google Scholar