Introduction: Spiritual Assessment and Intervention: Current Directions and Applications

REFERENCES

• Ai , A. L. and Bolling , S. F. 2002 . The use of complimentary and alternative therapies among middle-aged and older cardiac patients. . American Journal of Medical Quality , 17 ( 1 ) : 21 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allport , G. W. and Ross , M. J. 1967 . Personal religious orientation and prejudice. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 5 : 432 – 443 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anandarajah , G. and Hight , E. 2001 . Spirituality and medical practice: Using the HOPE questionnaire as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. . American Family Physician , 63 ( 1 ) : 81 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , R. , Avants , S. K. , Margolin , A. and Marcotte , D. 2002 . Patient attitudes concerning the inclusion of spirituality into addiction treatment. . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 23 ( 4 ) : 319 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binstock , R. H. 2002 . Some thoughts on a faith-based initiative in long-term care. . Public Policy and Aging Report , 12 ( 4 ) : 20 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Brady , M. J. , Peterman , A. H. , Fitchett , G. , Mo , M. and Cella , D. 1999 . A case for including spirituality in quality of life measurement in oncology. . Psychooncology , 8 ( 5 ) : 417 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan , M. 2002 . Spirituality and psychosocial development in middle-age and older adults with vision loss. . Journal of Adult Development , 9 ( 1 ) : 31 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan , M. 2004 . Spirituality and religiousness predict adaptation to vision loss in middle age and older adults. . International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 14 ( 3 ) : 193 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Brizer , D. A. 1993 . Religiosity and drug abuse among psychiatric inpatients. . American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse , 19 : 337 – 344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , R. G. and Koenig , H. G. 2002 . Having faith in an aging health system: Policy perspectives. . Public Policy and Aging Report , 12 ( 4 ) : 23 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Chan , C. , Ho , P. S. and Chow , E. 2001 . A body-mind-spirit model in health: An Eastern approach. . Social Work in Health Care , 34 ( 3/4 ) : 261 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler , C. K. , Holden , J. M. and Kolander , C. A. 1992 . Counseling for spiritual wellness: Theory and practice. . Journal of Counseling & Development , 71 : 168 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatters , L. M. and Taylor , R. G. 1998 . Religious involvement among African Americans. . African American Research Perspective , 4 ( 1 ) : 83 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Crowther , M. R. , Parker , M. W. , Achenbaum , W. A. , Larimore , W. L. and Koenig , H. G. 2002 . Rowe and Kahn's model of successful aging revisited: Positive spirituality-the forgotten factor. . The Gerontologist , 42 ( 5 ) : 613 – 620 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daaleman , T. P. , Subashan , P. and Studenski , S. 2004 . Religion, spirituality, and health status in geriatric outpatients. . Annals of Family Medicine , 2 ( 1 ) : 49 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn , K. S. and Horgas , A. L. 2000 . The prevalence of prayer as a spiritual self-care modality in elders. . Journal of Holistic Nursing , 18 ( 4 ) : 337 – 351 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellison , C. G. 1998 . Religion, health and well-being among African Americans. . African American Research Perspective , 4 ( 1 ) : 94 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Faull , K. , Hills , M. D. , Cochrane , G. , Gray , J. , Hunt , M. , McKenzie , C. and Winter , L. 2004 . Investigation of health perspectives of those with physical disabilities: The role of spirituality as a determinant of health. . Disability and Rehabilitation , 26 ( 3 ) : 129 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , P. S. 2000 . Religious involvement, spirituality and personal meaning for life: Existential predictors of psychological well being in community-residing and institutional care elders. . Aging and Mental Health , 4 ( 4 ) : 375 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , P. S. 2001 . The unique contribution of key existential factors to the prediction of psychological well-being of older adults following spousal loss. . The Gerontologist , 41 ( 1 ) : 69 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerard , S. , Smith , B. H. and Simpson , J. A. 2003 . A randomized controlled trial of spiritual healing in restricted neck movement. . Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , 9 ( 4 ) : 451 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawks , S. 1994 . Spiritual health: Definition and theory. . Wellness Perspectives , 10 : 3 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , P. C. and Pargament , K. I. 2003 . Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality. . American Psychologist , 58 ( 1 ) : 64 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , P. C. , Pargament , K. I. , Hood , R. W. , McCullogh , J. , Swyers , J. B. , Larson , D. B. and Zinnbauer , B. J. 2000 . Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. . Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior , 30 ( 1 ) : 51 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge , D. R. 2001 . Spiritual assessment: A review of major qualitative methods and a new framework for assessing spirituality. . Social Work , 46 ( 3 ) : 203 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hover , M. 2004 . The role of spiritual assessment and intervention in critical care medicine Retrieved from the World Wide Web March 2, 2004, http://www.maacc.org/_aab/038.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Howden , J. 1992 . Development and psychometric characteristics of the Spirituality Assessment Scale. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Texas Women's University
   Google Scholar
• Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) . 2004 . “ Spiritual Assessment. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, March 2, 2004. ” . http://www.jcaho.org/accredited+organizations/behavioral+health+care/standards/faqs/provision+of+care/assessment/spiritual+assessment+.htm
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , J. E. , Abbott , R. A. and Rosenberg , B. S. 2002 . Changes in spirituality and well-being in a retreat program for cardiac patients. . Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine , 8 ( 4 ) : 64 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , D. E. , Blue , A. , Mallin , R. and Thiedke , C. 2004 . Implementation and assessment of a spiritual history taking curriculum in the first year of medical school. . Teaching and Learning in Medicine , 16 ( 1 ) : 64 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kub , J. E. , Nolan , M. T. , Hughes , M. T. , Terry , P. B. , Sulmasy , D. P. , Astrow , A. and Forman , J. H. 2003 . Religious importance and practices of patients with a life-threatening illness: Implications for screening protocols. . Applied Nursing Research , 16 ( 3 ) : 196 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaPierre , L. October 22 2002 . “ Spirituality assessment in healthcare. (Maine in Focus) ” . In Healthcare Review. October 22 , Retrieved March 3, 2004, from: http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m0HSV/9_15/93657661/print.jhtml
   Google Scholar
• Leder , D. 1999–2000 . Aging into the Spirit: From traditional wisdom to innovative programs and communities . Generations , 23 ( 4 ) : 36 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeFavi , R. G. and Wessels , M. H. 2003 . Life review in pastoral counseling: Background and efficacy for use with the terminally ill. . Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling , 57 ( 3 ) : 281 – 292 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindgren , K. N. and Coursey , R. D. 1995 . Spirituality and serious mental illness: A two-part study. . Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal , 18 : 93 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus , J. , Elkins , G. and Mott , F. 2003 . A model of hypnotic intervention for palliative care. . Advances in Mind-Body Medicine , 19 ( 2 ) : 24 – 27 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McClain , C. S. , Rosenfeld , B. and Breitbart , W. 2003 . Effects of spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in terminally ill cancer patients. . The Lancet , 361 : 1603 – 1607 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough , M. E. , Hoyt , W. T. , Larson , D. B. , Koenig , H. G. and Thoresen , C. 2000 . Religious involvement and mortality: A meta-analytic review. . Health Psychology , 19 ( 3 ) : 211 – 222 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald , D. A. 2000 . Spirituality: Description, measurement, and relation to the five factor model of personality. . Journal of Personality , 68 ( 1 ) : 153 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , S. H. , Brennan , M. and Patrick , J. H. 2003a . “ Charting a course for 21st Century studies of late life religiousness and spirituality. ” . In New directions in the study of late life religiousness and spirituality , Edited by: McFadden , S. H. , Brennan , M. and Patrick , J. H. 1 – 10 . Binghamton, NY : The Haworth Press, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• McFadden , S. H. , Brennan , M. and Patrick , J. H. 2003b . “ Afterword: A “conversation” about theories, definitions, and applications. ” . In New directions in the study of late life religiousness and spirituality , Edited by: McFadden , S. H. , Brennan , M. and Patrick , J. H. 225 – 232 . Binghamton, NY : The Haworth Pastoral Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , W. R. and Thoresen , C. E. 2003 . Spirituality, religion, and health. . American Psychologist , 58 : 24 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moberg , D. O. 1967 . Science and the spiritual nature of man. . Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation , 19 : 12 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Moberg , D. O. 2002 . Assessing and measuring spirituality: Confronting the dilemmas of universal and particular evaluative criteria. . Journal of Adult Development , 9 ( 1 ) : 47 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokuau , N. , Hishinuma , E. and Nishimura , S. 2001 . Validating a measure of religiousness/spirituality for Native Hawaiians. . Pacific Health Dialogues , 8 ( 2 ) : 407 – 416 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moncher , F. J. and Josephson , A. M. 2004 . Religious and spiritual aspects of family assessment. . Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 13 ( 1 ) : 49 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nealon-Woods , M. A. , Ferrari , J. R. and Jason , L. A. 1995 . Twelve-step program use among Oxford House residents: Spirituality or social support in sobriety? . Journal of Substance Abuse , 7 ( 3 ) : 311 – 318 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson , C. J. , Rosenfeld , B. , Breitbart , W. and Galietta , M. 2002 . Spirituality, religion, and depression in the terminally ill. . Psychosomatics , 43 ( 3 ) : 213 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nosek , M. A. and Hughes , R. B. 2001 . Psychospiritual aspects of sense of self in women with physical disabilities. . Journal of Rehabilitation , 67 ( 1 ) : 20 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pargament , K. I. 1997 . The psychology of religion and coping. , New York : Guilford Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Pargament , K. I. , Ishler , K. , Dubow , E. F. , Stanik , P. , Rouiller , R. , Crowe , P. , Cullman , E. P. , Albert , M. and Royster , B. 1994 . Methods of religious coping with the Gulf War: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 33 : 347 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton , G. 2001 . “ Spirituality assessment in health care ” . In Health Progress, September-October , Catholic Health Association of the United States . 2001
   Google Scholar
• Picot , S. J. , Debanne , S. M. , Namazi , K. H. and Wykle , M. L. 1997 . Religiosity and perceived rewards of Black and White caregivers. . The Gerontologist , 37 : 89 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piedmont , R. L. 2001 . Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. . Journal of Rehabilitation , 67 ( 1 ) : 1 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell , L. H. , Shahabi , L. and Thoresen , C. E. 2003 . Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. . American Psychologist , 58 : 36 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. 1990 . Religion and psychological distress. . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 29 : 236 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe , J. W. and Kahn , R. L. 1998 . Successful aging. , New York : Pantheon/Random House. .
   Google Scholar
• Saunders , C. 1988 . Spiritual pain. . Journal of Palliative Care , 4 : 29 – 32 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seeman , T. E. , Fagan Dublin , L. and Seeman , M. 2003 . Religiosity/spirituality and health: A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways. . American Psychologist , 58 : 53 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeward , B. 1992 . A spiritual well-being program at the United States Postal Service headquarters. . Wellness Perspectives , 8 : 16 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Sloan , R. P. , Bagiella , E. and Powell , T. 1999 . Religion, spirituality, and medicine. . The Lancet , 353 : 664 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesley , C. , Tunney , K. and Duncan , E. 2004 . Educational needs of hospice social workers: Spiritual assessment and interventions with diverse populations. . American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care , 21 ( 1 ) : 40 – 46 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westlake , C. and Dracup , K. 2001 . Role of spirituality in adjustment of patients with advanced heart failure. . Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing , 16 ( 3 ) : 119 – 125 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) . WHO definition of health . Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April, 1948 .
   Google Scholar
• Yanek , L. R. , Becker , D. M. , Moy , T. F. , Gittelsohn , J. and Koffman , D. M. 2001 . Project Joy: Faith-based cardiovascular health promotion for African American women. . Public Health Reports , 116 ( Supplement 1 ) : 68 – 81 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar