Bibliography
- Keitner GI, Posternak MA, Ryan CE. How many subjects with major depressive disorder meet eligibility requirements of an antidepressant efficacy trial? J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1091-3
- March JS, Silva SG, Compton S, et al. The case for practical clinical trials in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:836-46
- Wells KB. Treatment research at the crossroads: the scientific interface of clinical trials and effectiveness research. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:5-10
- Zimmerman M, Mattia JI, Posternak MA. Are subjects in pharmacological treatment trials of depression representative of patients in routine clinical practice? Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:469-73
- Merikangas KR, Ames M, Cui L, et al. The impact of comorbidity of mental and physical conditions on role disability in the US adult household population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:1180-8
- Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504
- Ustun TB, Yuso-Mateos JL, Chatterji S, et al. Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000. Br J Psychiatry 2004;184:386-92
- Papakostas GI, Petersen T, Mahal Y, et al. Quality of life assessments in major depressive disorder: a review of the literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2004;26:13-17
- Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, et al. Factors associated with health-related quality of life among outpatients with major depressive disorder: a STAR*D report. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:185-95
- Adler DA, McLaughlin TJ, Rogers WH, et al. Job performance deficits due to depression. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1569-76
- Baune BT, Adrian I, Jacobi F. Medical disorders affect health outcome and general functioning depending on comorbid major depression in the general population. J Psychosom Res 2007;62:109-18
- Broadhead WE, Blazer DG, George LK, et al. Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey. JAMA 1990;264:2524-8
- Lerner D, Adler DA, Chang H, et al. Unemployment, job retention, and productivity loss among employees with depression. Psychiatr Serv 2004;55:1371-8
- Ormel J, Vonkorff M, Oldehinkel AJ, et al. Onset of disability in depressed and non-depressed primary care patients. Psychol Med 1999;29:847-53
- Wells KB, Stewart A, Hays RD, et al. The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study. JAMA 1989;262:914-9
- Rush AJ, Kraemer HC, Sackeim HA, et al. Report by the ACNP Task Force on response and remission in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31:1841-53
- Hirschfeld RM, Dunner DL, Keitner G, et al. Does psychosocial functioning improve independent of depressive symptoms? A comparison of nefazodone, psychotherapy, and their combination. Biol Psychiatry 2002;51:123-33
- Lin EH, Vonkorff M, Russo J, et al. Can depression treatment in primary care reduce disability? A stepped care approach. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:1052-8
- Simon GE, Katon W, Rutter C, et al. Impact of improved depression treatment in primary care on daily functioning and disability. Psychol Med 1998;28:693-701
- Sanchez C, Bogeso KP, Ebert B, et al. Escitalopram versus citalopram: the surprising role of the R-enantiomer. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;174:163-76
- Burke WJ, Gergel I, Bose A. Sixty three edition. Fixed-dose trial of the single isomer SSRI escitalopram in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63(4):331-6
- Colonna L, Andersen HF, Reines EH. A randomized, double-blind, 24-week study of escitalopram (10 mg/day) versus citalopram (20 mg/day) in primary care patients with major depressive disorder. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:1659-68
- Lepola UM, Loft H, Reines EH. Escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) is effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled study in depression in primary care. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:211-7
- Moore N, Verdoux H, Fantino B. Prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of escitalopram versus citalopram in outpatient treatment of major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;20:131-7
- Wade A, Michael LO, Bang HK. Escitalopram 10 mg/day is effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled study in depression in primary care. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;17:95-102
- Allgulander C, Florea I, Huusom AK. Prevention of relapse in generalized anxiety disorder by escitalopram treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharm 2006;9:495-505
- Bielski RJ, Bose A, Chang CC. A double-blind comparison of escitalopram and paroxetine in the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2005;17:65-9
- Davidson JR, Bose A, Korotzer A, et al. Escitalopram in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: double-blind, placebo controlled, flexible-dose study. Depress Anxiety 2004;19:234-40
- Fineberg NA, Tonnoir B, Lemming O, et al. Escitalopram prevents relapse of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2007;17:430-9
- Kasper S, Stein DJ, Loft H, et al. Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: randomised, placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage study. Br J Psychiatry 2005;186:222-6
- Lader M, Stender K, Burger V, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram in 12- and 24-week treatment of social anxiety disorder: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study. Depress Anxiety 2004;19:241-8
- Stein DJ, Andersen EW, Tonnoir B, et al. Escitalopram in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, paroxetine-referenced, fixed-dose, 24-week study. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:701-11
- Boulenger JP, Huusom AK, Florea I, et al. A comparative study of the efficacy of long-term treatment with escitalopram and paroxetine in severely depressed patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1331-41
- Kennedy SH, Andersen HF, Lam RW. Efficacy of escitalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder compared with conventional selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine XR: a meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2006;31:122-31
- Lam RW, Andersen HF. The influence of baseline severity on efficacy of escitalopram and citalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an extended analysis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006;39:180-4
- Anders M, Tuma I, Rosslerova H. A surveillance study of escitalopram treatment of depressed patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008;9:1-6
- Olie JP, Tonnoir B, Menard F, et al. A prospective study of escitalopram in the treatment of major depressive episodes in the presence or absence of anxiety. Depress Anxiety 2007;24(5):318-24
- Chokka P, Legault M. Escitalopram in the treatment of major depressive disorder in primary care settings: an open-label trial. Depress Anxiety 2008;25(12):E173-81
- Rush AJ, Bose A. Escitalopram in clinical practice: results of an open-label trial in a naturalistic setting. Depress Anxiety 2005;21:26-32
- Winkler D, Pjrek E, Moser U, et al. Escitalopram in a working population: results from an observational study of 2378 outpatients in Austria. Hum Psychopharmacol 2007;22:245-51
- Guy W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology Revised, 1976 028 Clinical Global Impressions. Revised, 1976 edition. Maryland: DHEW Publication; 1976
- Bandelow B, Baldwin DS, Dolberg OT, et al. What is the threshold for symptomatic response and remission for major depressive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder? J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:1428-34
- Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K, Raj BA. The measurement of disability. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;11(Suppl 3):89-95
- Khan A, Khan SR, Shankles EB, et al. Relative sensitivity of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression rating scale and the Clinical Global Impressions rating scale in antidepressant clinical trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;17:281-5
- Khan A, Brodhead AE, Kolts RL. Relative sensitivity of the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale, the Hamilton depression rating scale and the Clinical Global Impressions rating scale in antidepressant clinical trials: a replication analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;19:157-60
- Muller MJ, Himmerich H, Kienzle B, et al. Differentiating moderate and severe depression using the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). J Affect Disord 2003;77:255-60
- Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Maser JD, et al. Major depressive disorder: a prospective study of residual subthreshold depressive symptoms as predictor of rapid relapse. J Affect Disord 1998;50:97-108
- Pintor L, Gasto C, Navarro V, et al. Relapse of major depression after complete and partial remission during a 2-year follow-up. J Affect Disord 2003;73:237-44
- Tranter R, O'Donovan C, Chandarana P, et al. Prevalence and outcome of partial remission in depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2002;27:241-247
- Trivedi MH, Hollander E, Nutt D, et al. Clinical evidence and potential neurobiological underpinnings of unresolved symptoms of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:246-58
- Zimmerman M, Chelminski I, Posternak M. A review of studies of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale in controls: implications for the definition of remission in treatment studies of depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;19:1-7
- Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Zeller PJ, et al. Psychosocial disability during the long-term course of unipolar major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:375-80
- Nemeroff CB. The burden of severe depression: a review of diagnostic challenges and treatment alternatives. J Psychiatr Res 2007;41:189-206
- Paykel ES, Ramana R, Cooper Z, et al. Residual symptoms after partial remission: an important outcome in depression. Psychol Med 1995;25:1171-80
- Ramana R, Paykel ES, Cooper Z, et al. Remission and relapse in major depression: a two-year prospective follow-up study. Psychol Med 1995;25:1161-70
- Tedlow J, Fava M, Uebelacker L, et al. Outcome definitions and predictors in depression. Psychother Psychosom 1998;67:266-70
- Montgomery SA, Baldwin DS, Blier P, et al. Which antidepressants have demonstrated superior efficacy? A review of the evidence. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;22:323-9
- Wade A, Gembert K, Florea I. A comparative study of the efficacy of acute and continuation treatment with escitalopram versus duloxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:1605-14
- Goodman WK, Bose A, Wang Q. Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with escitalopram: Pooled results from double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2005;87:161-7
- Montgomery SA, Nil R, Durr-Pal N, et al. A 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of escitalopram for the prevention of generalized social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1270-8