Therapeutic management of breast cancer in the elderly

Bibliography

• Yancik R, Ries LA. Cancer in older persons: an international issue in an aging world. Semin Oncol 2004;31:128-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009;59:225-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newschaffer CJ, Penberthy L, Desch CE, The effect of age and comorbidity in the treatment of elderly women with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:85-90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenfield S, Blanco DM, Elashoff RM, Ganz PA. Patterns of care related to age of breast cancer patients. JAMA 1987;257:2766-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satariano WA. Comorbidity and functional status in older women with breast cancer: implications for screening, treatment, and prognosis. J Gerontol 1992;47(Spec No):24-31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harlan LC, Klabunde CN, Ambs AH, Comorbidities, therapy, and newly diagnosed conditions for women with early stage breast cancer. J Cancer Surviv 2009;3:89-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satariano WA, Ragland DR. The effect of comorbidity on 3-year survival of women with primary breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:104-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States: the Slone survey. JAMA 2002;287:337-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuben DB, Rubenstein LV, Hirsch SH, Hays RD. Value of functional status as a predictor of mortality: results of a prospective study. Am J Med 1992;93:663-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inouye SK, Studenski S, Tinetti ME, Kuchel GA. Geriatric syndromes: clinical, research, and policy implications of a core geriatric concept. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:780-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Extermann M, Balducci L, Lyman GH. What threshold for adjuvant therapy in older breast cancer patients? J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1709-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldhirsch A, Wood WC, Gelber RD, Progress and promise: highlights of the international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2007. Ann Oncol 2007;18:1133-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldhirsch A, Ingle JN, Gelber RD, Thresholds for therapies: highlights of the St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2009. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1319-29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson RW, Moench S, Hurria A, NCCN Task Force Report: breast cancer in the older woman. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2008;6(Suppl 4):S1-25; quiz S26-7
   Google Scholar
• Louwman WJ, Vulto JC, Verhoeven RH, Clinical epidemiology of breast cancer in the elderly. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:2242-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diab SG, Elledge RM, Clark GM. Tumor characteristics and clinical outcome of elderly women with breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:550-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crivellari D, Aapro M, Leonard R, Breast cancer in the elderly. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1882-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daidone MG, Coradini D, Martelli G, Veneroni S. Primary breast cancer in elderly women: biological profile and relation with clinical outcome. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003;45:313-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durbecq V, Ameye L, Veys I, A significant proportion of elderly patients develop hormone-dependant ‘luminal-B’ tumours associated with aggressive characteristics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008;67:80-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:5367-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voduc KD, Cheang MC, Tyldesley S, Breast cancer subtypes and the risk of local and regional relapse. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1684-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotiriou C, Pusztai L. Gene-expression signatures in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:790-800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mook S, Schmidt MK, Viale G, The 70-gene prognosis-signature predicts disease outcome in breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive lymph nodes in an independent validation study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009;116:295-302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedard PL, Mook S, Knauer M, The 70-Gene Profile (MammaPrintTM) Is an Independent Predictor of Breast Cancer Specific Survival for women 65 years of age or older. Cancer Res 2009;69(24), Supplement DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.SABCS-09-4049
   Google Scholar
• Paik S, Tang G, Shak S, Gene expression and benefit of chemotherapy in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3726-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albain KS, Barlow WE, Shak S, Prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in postmenopausal women with node-positive, oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer on chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:55-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravdin PM, Siminoff LA, Davis GJ, Computer program to assist in making decisions about adjuvant therapy for women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:980-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivotto IA, Bajdik CD, Ravdin PM, Population-based validation of the prognostic model ADJUVANT! for early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2716-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mook S, Schmidt MK, Rutgers EJ, Calibration and discriminatory accuracy of prognosis calculation for breast cancer with the online Adjuvant! program: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:1070-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aapro M, Monfardini S, Jirillo A, Basso U. Management of primary and advanced breast cancer in older unfit patients (medical treatment). Cancer Treat Rev 2009;35:503-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005;365:1687-717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber JE, Halabi S, Tolaney SM, Factor V Leiden mutation and thromboembolism risk in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:942-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crivellari D, Price K, Gelber RD, Adjuvant endocrine therapy compared with no systemic therapy for elderly women with early breast cancer: 21-year results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial IV. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4517-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman H, Paganga G, Rice-Evans C, Halliwell B. Protective actions of tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen against oxidative damage to human low-density lipoproteins: a mechanism accounting for the cardioprotective action of tamoxifen? Biochem J 1993;292(Pt 3):635-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutqvist LE, Mattsson A. Cardiac and thromboembolic morbidity among postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer in a randomized trial of adjuvant tamoxifen. The Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1398-406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CL, Yang TL. Sequential changes in serum triglyceride levels during adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer patients and the effect of dose reduction. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003;79:11-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis SE, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, Cardiovascular effects of tamoxifen in women with and without heart disease: breast cancer prevention trial. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Investigators. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:16-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braithwaite RS, Chlebowski RT, Lau J, Meta-analysis of vascular and neoplastic events associated with tamoxifen. J Gen Intern Med 2003;18:937-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett-Connor E, Mosca L, Collins P, Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2006;355:125-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sideras K, Ingle JN, Ames MM, Coprescription of tamoxifen and medications that inhibit CYP2D6. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2768-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:2131-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet 2005;365:60-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes JF, Cuzick J, Buzdar A, Effect of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: 100-month analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:45-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurlimann B, Keshaviah A, Coates AS, A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2747-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouridsen H, Keshaviah A, Coates AS, Cardiovascular adverse events during adjuvant endocrine therapy for early breast cancer using letrozole or tamoxifen: safety analysis of BIG 1-98 trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5715-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouridsen H, Giobbie-Hurder A, Goldhirsch A, Letrozole therapy alone or in sequence with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;361:766-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crivellari D, Sun Z, Coates AS, Letrozole compared with tamoxifen for elderly patients with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: the BIG 1-98 trial. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1972-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burstein HJ, Prestrud AA, Seidenfeld J, American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline: update on adjuvant endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3784-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owusu C, Buist DS, Field TS, Predictors of tamoxifen discontinuation among older women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:549-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Lancet 1998;352:930-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albain KS, Barlow WE, Ravdin PM, Adjuvant chemotherapy and timing of tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive, node-positive breast cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;374:2055-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkin EB, Hurria A, Mitra N, Adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in older women with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: assessing outcome in a population-based, observational cohort. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2757-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano SH, Duan Z, Kuo YF, Use and outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2750-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christman K, Muss HB, Case LD, Stanley V. Chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer in the elderly. The Piedmont Oncology Association experience [see comment]. JAMA 1992;268:57-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim NK, Frye DK, Buzdar AU, Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. Tolerance and outcome. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:882-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muss HB, Woolf S, Berry D, Adjuvant chemotherapy in older and younger women with lymph node-positive breast cancer. JAMA 2005;293:1073-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:2055-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinder MC, Duan Z, Goodwin JS, Congestive heart failure in older women treated with adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3808-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen BV, Skovsgaard T, Nielsen SL. Functional monitoring of anthracycline cardiotoxicity: a prospective, blinded, long-term observational study of outcome in 120 patients. Ann Oncol 2002;13:699-709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bria E, Nistico C, Cuppone F, Benefit of taxanes as adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer: pooled analysis of 15,500 patients. Cancer 2006;106:2337-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Laurentiis M, Cancello G, D'Agostino D, Taxane-based combinations as adjuvant chemotherapy of early breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:44-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson T, Wilcken N, Vagg R, Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;4:CD004421
   Google Scholar
• Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Henderson IC, Estrogen-receptor status and outcomes of modern chemotherapy for patients with node-positive breast cancer. JAMA 2006;295:1658-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes DF, Thor AD, Dressler LG, HER-2 and response to paclitaxel in node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1496-506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S, Weekly paclitaxel in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1663-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuzzo F, Morabito A, De Maio E, Weekly docetaxel versus CMF as adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly breast cancer patients: safety data from the multicentre phase 3 randomised ELDA trial. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008;66:171-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez EA, Vogel CL, Irwin DH, Weekly paclitaxel in women age 65 and above with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002;73:85-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Mastro L, Perrone F, Repetto L, Weekly paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy in elderly advanced breast cancer patients: a phase II study of the Gruppo Italiano di Oncologia Geriatrica (GIOGer). Ann Oncol 2005;16:253-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ten Tije AJ, Smorenburg CH, Seynaeve C, Weekly paclitaxel as first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. A multicentre phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:352-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biganzoli L, Licitra S, Moretti E, Taxanes in the elderly: can we gain as much and be less toxic? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009;70:262-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones S, Holmes FA, O'Shaughnessy J, Docetaxel with cyclophosphamide is associated with an overall survival benefit compared with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: 7-year follow-up of US Oncology Research Trial 9735. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:1177-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aapro M, Schwenkglenks M, Lyman GH, Pegfilgrastim primary prophylaxis vs. current practice neutropenia management in elderly breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010;74:203-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores IQ, Ershler W. Managing neutropenia in older patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy in a community setting. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2010;14:81-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavez-MacGregor M, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. HER-2-neu positivity in patients with small and node-negative breast cancer (pT1a,b,N0,M0): a high risk group? Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2009;7:591-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith I, Procter M, Gelber RD, 2-year follow-up of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER-2-positive breast cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:29-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N, BCIRG 006: 2nd interim analysis phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (ACT) with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab (ACTH) with docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH) in HER-2neu positive early breast cancer patients. Available from: http://www.sabcs.org/2006
   Google Scholar
• Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER-2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1673-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P, Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;354:809-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sledge GW, O'Neill A, Thor A, Adjuvant trastuzumab: long-term results of E2198. SABCS. Available from: http://www.posters2view.com/sabcs06/view.php?nu=2006
   Google Scholar
• Madarnas Y, Trudeau M, Franek JA, Adjuvant/neoadjuvant trastuzumab therapy in women with HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2008;34:539-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suter TM, Procter M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Trastuzumab-associated cardiac adverse effects in the herceptin adjuvant trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3859-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biganzoli L, Licitra S, Claudino W, Clinical decision making in breast cancer: TAM and aromatase inhibitors for older patients – a jungle? Eur J Cancer 2007;43:2270-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell A, Robertson JF, Quaresma Albano J, Fulvestrant, formerly ICI 182,780, is as effective as anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing after prior endocrine treatment. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3396-403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne CK, Pippen J, Jones SE, Double-blind, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant versus anastrozole in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer progressing on prior endocrine therapy: results of a North American trial. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3386-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson JF, Llombart-Cussac A, Rolski J, Activity of fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer: results from the FIRST study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4530-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard KI, Rolski J, Papai Z, Results of a phase II study comparing three dosing regimens of fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer (FINDER2). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010;123:453-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohno S, Rai Y, Iwata H, Three dose regimens of fulvestrant in postmenopausal Japanese women with advanced breast cancer: results from a double-blind, phase II comparative study (FINDER1). Ann Oncol 2010;21:2342-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colleoni M, Rocca A, Sandri MT, Low-dose oral methotrexate and cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer: antitumor activity and correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Ann Oncol 2002;13:73-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolini F, Paul S, Mancuso P, Maximum tolerable dose and low-dose metronomic chemotherapy have opposite effects on the mobilization and viability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Cancer Res 2003;63:4342-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bocci G, Nicolaou KC, Kerbel RS. Protracted low-dose effects on human endothelial cell proliferation and survival in vitro reveal a selective antiangiogenic window for various chemotherapeutic drugs. Cancer Res 2002;62:6938-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottini A, Generali D, Brizzi MP, Randomized phase II trial of letrozole and letrozole plus low-dose metronomic oral cyclophosphamide as primary systemic treatment in elderly breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:3623-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo SB, Hellstein JW, Kalmar JR. Narrative [corrected] review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:753-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botteman M, Barghout V, Stephens J, Cost effectiveness of bisphosphonates in the management of breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1072-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1809-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolella D, Grimaldi G, Colantuoni G, Weekly low dose epirubicin in elderly cancer patients. Tumori 1996;82:369-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huober J, Fett W, Nusch A, A multicentric observational trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for metastatic breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2010;10:2 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso U, Roma A, Falci C, Biweekly liposomal pegylated doxorubicin in elderly women with advanced breast cancer: a prospective multicenter trial focusing on tolerability and cardiotoxicity. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl): abstract 1138
   Google Scholar
• Bajetta E, Procopio G, Celio L, Safety and efficacy of two different doses of capecitabine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in older women. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2155-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schott AF, Lew D, Barlow WE, Simple oral therapy with capecitabine (CAPE) and cyclophosphamide (CPA) for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 2010;28(Suppl); abstract 1006
   Google Scholar
• Gradishar WJ, Krasnojon D, Cheporov S, Significantly longer progression-free survival with nab-paclitaxel compared with docetaxel as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3611-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunello A, Monfardini S, Crivellari D, Multicenter analysis of activity and safety of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer in elderly women (> = 70 years). J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2008;26:1096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins LF, Unger JM, Crowley JJ, Underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials. N Engl J Med 1999;341:2061-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yee KW, Pater JL, Pho L, Enrollment of older patients in cancer treatment trials in Canada: why is age a barrier? J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1618-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis JH, Kilgore ML, Goldman DP, Participation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1383-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed MW, Wyld L, Ellis P, Breast cancer in older women: trials and tribulations. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2009;21:99-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fumoleau P, Cortes-Funes H, Taleb AB, Phase 2 study of single-agent IV vinflunine as third-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer after failure of anthracycline-/taxane-based chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol 29 May 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Cortes J, Vahdat L, Blum JL, Phase II study of the halichondrin B analog eribulin mesylate in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3922-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twelves C, Loesch D, Blum JL, A phase III study (EMBRACE) of eribulin mesylate versus treatment of physician's choice in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2010;28:CRA1004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Available from: http://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/letrozole.html. 2010
   Google Scholar
• Available from: http://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/tamoxifen.html. 2010
   Google Scholar
• Available from: http://www.micromedex.com. 2010
   Google Scholar
• Lichtman SM, Hollis D, Miller AA, Prospective evaluation of the relationship of patient age and paclitaxel clinical pharmacology: cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB 9762). J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1846-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smorenburg CH, ten Tije AJ, Verweij J, Altered clearance of unbound paclitaxel in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2003;39:196-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ten Tije AJ, Verweij J, Carducci MA, Prospective evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of docetaxel in the elderly. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1070-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurria A, Fleming MT, Baker SD, Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of weekly docetaxel in older patients. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:6100-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scotte F, Tourani JM, Banu E, Multicenter study of a frozen glove to prevent docetaxel-induced onycholysis and cutaneous toxicity of the hand. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4424-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorio R, Robieux I, Galligioni E, Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of vinorelbine in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:301-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauvin A, Pinguet F, Culine S, Bayesian estimate of vinorelbine pharmacokinetic parameters in elderly patients with advanced metastatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:2690-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puozzo C, Gridelli C. Non-small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients: influence of age on vinorelbine oral pharmacokinetics. Clin Lung Cancer 2004;5:237-42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lichtman SM, Wildiers H, Chatelut E, International Society of Geriatric Oncology Chemotherapy Taskforce: evaluation of chemotherapy in older patients – an analysis of the medical literature. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1832-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venook AP, Egorin MJ, Rosner GL, Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of gemcitabine in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction: cancer and leukemia Group B 9565. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2780-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepherd FA, Cormier Y, Burkes R, Phase II trial of gemcitabine and weekly cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 1997;24:S8-27-30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy J, Twelves C, Cameron D, Bioequivalence of two tablet formulations of capecitabine and exploration of age, gender, body surface area, and creatinine clearance as factors influencing systemic exposure in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1999;44:453-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Gwilt PR. The effect of age on the early disposition of doxorubicin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003;51:395-402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dees EC, O'Reilly S, Goodman SN, A prospective pharmacologic evaluation of age-related toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Cancer Invest 2000;18:521-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bononi A, Gusella M, Modena I, Pharmacokinetic study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in patients over 70: association with increasing age and cutaneous toxicity. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(15s): abstract 9155
   Google Scholar
• Hurria A, Lichtman SM. Pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy in the older patient. Cancer Control 2007;14:32-43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Launay-Vacher V, Oudard S, Janus N, Prevalence of Renal Insufficiency in cancer patients and implications for anticancer drug management: the renal insufficiency and anticancer medications (IRMA) study. Cancer 2007;110:1376-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar