Medical treatment of rosacea with emphasis on topical therapies

Bibliography

• DEL ROSSO JQ: A status report on medical management of rosacea: focus on topical therapies. Culls (2002) 70:271–275.
   Google Scholar
• WILKIN J, DAHL M, DETMAR M et al.: Standard classification of rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on classification and staging of rosacea../. Am. Acad. Dermatel (2002) 46:584–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A consensus paper on the classification of rosacea reported by an expert panel in cooperation with the National Rosacea Society.
   Google Scholar
• BAMFORD JTM: Rosacea: current thoughts on origin. Sem. Cut. Med. Stag. (2001) 20:199–206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •An excellent, thorough and well-referenced review of pathogenic factors related to rosacea.
   Google Scholar
• DAHL MV: Pathogenesis of rosacea. Adv. Dermatel (2001) 17:29–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DEL ROSSO JQ: Medical management of rosacea with topical agents: a thorough appraisal of available treatment options and recent advances. Cosm. Dermal& (2003) 16:47–60.
   Google Scholar
• MILLIKAN L: The proposed inflammatory pathophysiology of rosacea: implications for treatment. Skin Med. (2003) 2:43–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WILKIN J: Rosacea: pathophysiology and treatment. Arch. Dermatel (1994) 130:359–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILKIN J: Why is flushing limited to a mostly facial distribution? Am. Acad. Dermatel (1988) 19:309–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARISH LC, WITKOWSKI JA: Acne rosacea and Helicobacter pylori bethrothed. Int. J. Dermot& (1995) 34:236–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHARMA VK, LYNN A, KAMINSKI M et al.: A study of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and other markers of upper gastrointestinal tract disease in patients with rosacea. Am. J. Castreenterel (1998) 93:220–222.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AKAMATSU H, OGUCHI M, NISHIJIMA S et al.: The inhibition of free radical generation by human neutrophils through the synergistic effects of metronidazole with palmitoleic acid: a possible mechanism of action of metronidazole in rosacea and acne. Arch. Dermatel Res. (1990) 282:449–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCCLELLAN KJ, NOBLE S: Topical metronidazole: a review of its use in rosacea. Ain. J. Clin. Dermatel (2000) 1:191–199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •The most comprehensive review of topical metronidazole published so far.
   Google Scholar
• MADDIN S: A comparison of topical azelaic acid 20% cream and topical metronidazole 0.75% cream in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea. (1999) 40:961–965.
   Google Scholar
• DAHL MV, JARRETT M, KAPLAN D et al.: Once-daily topical metronidazole cream formulations in the treatment of the papules and pustules of rosacea. Am. Acad. Dermatel. (2001) 45:723–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIELSEN PG: A double-blind study of 1% metronidazole cream versus systemic oxytetracycline therapy for rosacea. Br. J. Dermal& (1983) 109:63–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MONK BE, LOGAN RA, COOK J et al.: Topical metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea. Dermata Treat. (1991) 2:91–93.
   Google Scholar
• SCHACHTER D, SCHACHTER RK, LONG B et al.: Comparison of metronidazole 1% cream versus oral tetracycline in patients with rosacea. Drug Invest. (1991) 3:220–224.
   Google Scholar
• VEIEN NK, CHRISTIANSEN JV, HJORTH N et al.: Topical metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea. Culls (1986) 38:209–210.
   Google Scholar
• DRENO B, DUBERTRET L, NAEYAERT JM et al.: Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of metronidazole 0.75% cream with metronidazole 0.75% gel in the treatment of rosacea. Etm Acad. Dermal& Veneirel (1998) 11:S272–S273.
   Google Scholar
• GUILLET B, ROSTAIN E, POWELL F et al.: Metronidazole 0.75% gel and lotion are both effective in the treatment of rosacea. Lim Dermal& Venereel (1999) 2:S145.
   Google Scholar
• DAHL MV, KATZ HI, KRUEGER GG et al.: Topical metronidazole maintains remission of rosacea. Arch. Dermatel. (1998) 134:679–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The only paper addressing long-term maintenance therapy for rosacea.
   Google Scholar
• OLANSKY S: Old drug-in a new system-revisited. Cutts (1977) 19:852–854.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TARIMCI N, SENER S, KILINC T: Topical sodium sulfacetamide lotion. J. CM. Pharm. Ther. (1997) 22:301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SAUDER D, MILLER R, GRATTON D et al.: The treatment of rosacea: the safety and efficacy of sodium sulfacetamide 10% and sulfur 5% lotion is demonstrated in a double-blind study. Dermal& Treat. (1997) 8:79–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS GE GLAZER SD, MEDANSKY RS: Successful treatment of rosacea with a novel formulation of sodium sulfacetamide 10% and sulfur 5% topical lotion. I Ceriatr. Dermal& (1994) 2:140–144.
   Google Scholar
• LEBWOHL MG, MEDANSKY RS, RUSSO CL et al: The comparative efficacy of sodium sulfacetamide 10%/sulfur 5% lotion and metronidazole 0.75% gel in the treatment of rosacea. Dermal& Treat. (1995) 3:183–185.
   Google Scholar
• DEL ROSSO JQ: Therapeutic cleansers: keeping it clean. Skin Aging (2003) 11:83–88.
   Google Scholar
• CARMICHAEL AJ, MARKS R, GRAUPE KA et al.: Topical azelaic acid in the treatment of rosacea. Dermal& Treat. (1993) 4:S19–S22.
   Google Scholar
• BJERKE R, FRYAND 0, GRAUPE K: Double-blind comparison of azelaic acid 20% cream and its vehicle in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Acta Dem. Venereal. (1999) 79:456–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AKAMATSU H, KOMURA J, ASADA Y et al.: Inhibitory effect of azelaic acid on neutrophil functions: a possible cause for its efficacy in treating pathogenetically unrelated diseases. Arch. Dermal& Res. (1991) 283:162–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DRAELOS ZD, GRAUPE K: A new topical formulation for the treatment of mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea: azelaic acid 15% gel. American Academy of Dermatology, 61f Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, USA. March 21–26 (2003) (Poster #49). 32. THIBOUTOT D,THIEROFF-EKERDT R, GRAUPE K: Efficacy and safety of azelaic acid 15% gel as a new treatment for papulopustular rosacea: results from two-vehicle controlled, randomized Phase III studies. J. Am. Acad. Dermot& (2003) 48:836–845.
   Google Scholar
• ELEWSKI BE, FLEISCHER AB Jr, PARISER DM: A comparison of 15% azelaic acid gel and 0.75% metronidazole gel in the topical treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results of a randomized trial. Arch Dermot& (2003) 139(11): 1444–50.
   Google Scholar
• WILKIN JK, DEWITT S: Treatment of rosacea: topical clindamycin versus oral tetracycline. Int. J. Dermot& (1993) 32:65–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MILLS OH, KLIGMAN AA: Topically applied erythromycin in rosacea. Arch. Dermatol (1976) 112:553–554.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BERTH-JONES J, CLARK SM, HENDERSON CA: Rosacea and perioral dermatitis. In: Treatment of skin disease. Lebwohl M, Heymann WR, Berth-Jones J, Coulson I (Eds), Mosby, London, UK (2002):561–567.
   Google Scholar
• BIKOWSKI JB: Rosacea: a tiered approach to therapy. Cutts (2000) 66:S3–S6.
   Google Scholar
• DEL ROSSO JQ: Systemic therapy for rosacea: focus on oral antibiotic therapy and safety. Cutts (2000) 66:S7–S13.
   Google Scholar
• JORIZZO JL, LEBWOHL M, TOBEY RE: The efficacy of metronidazole 1% cream once daily compared with metronidazole 1% cream twice daily and their vehicles in rosacea: a double-blind clinical trial." Am. Acad. Dermatol (1998) 39:502–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENEMAN DL, STEWART D, HE VIA 0 et al.: A double-blind, multicenter clinical trial comparing efficacy of once-daily metronidazole 1 percent cream to vehicle in patients with rosacea. Cutts (1998) 61:44–47.
   Google Scholar
• TAN JKL, GIRARD C, KROL A et al: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of metronidazole 1% cream with sunscreen SPF 15 in treatment of rosacea. Cutan. Med. Surg. (2002) 6:529–534.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KNIGHT AG, VICKERS CF: A follow-up of tetracycline-treated rosacea with special reference to rosacea keratitis. Br: J. Dermatol (1975) 93:577–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VIENNE MP, OCHANDO N, BORREL MT et al.: Retinaldehyde alleviates rosacea. Dermatology (1999) 199:53–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NICHOLS K, DESAI N, LEBWOHL MG: Effective sunscreen ingredients and cutaneous irritation in patients with rosacea. Cutts (1998) 61:344–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BIKOWSKI JB: Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline for acne and rosacea. Skin Med. (2003) 2:234–245.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SKIDMORE RA, WALKER C, KOVACH R et al.: Effects of a subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline in the treatment of moderate acne. Arch. Dermatol (2003) 139:459–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar