Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Volume 6, 2005 - Issue 5
Submit an article Journal homepage
460
Views
88
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluation

Clopidogrel for the secondary prevention of stroke

Hans-Christoph DienerDepartment of Neurology University EssenGermany
,
Peter A RinglebDepartment of Neurology University HeidelbergGermany
&
Pierre SaviSanofi-Aventis Research Cardiovascular Research Department, ToulouseFrance
Pages 755-764 | Published online: 10 May 2005

Bibliography

  • GRAU AJ, WEIMAR C, BUGGLE F iet al:Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke: the German stroke data bank. iStroke (2001) 32:2559–2566.
  • HANKEY GJ: Stroke. How large a publichealth problem, and how can the neurologist help? iArch. Neurol (1999) 56:748–754.
  • WILTERDINK JL, EASTON JD: Vascularevent rates in patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. iArch. Neurol (1992) 49:857–863.
  • WEIMAR C, KRAYWINKEL K, RODL J iet al.: Etiology, duration, and prognosis of transient ischemic attacks: an analysis from the German Stroke Data Bank. iArch. Neurol (2002) 59:1584–1588.
  • JOHNSTON SC, GRESS DR, BROWNER WS, SIDNEY S: Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA. iJAMA (2000) 284:2901–2906.
  • WEIMAR C, ROTH MP, ZILLESSEN G iet al.: Complications following acute ischemic stroke. iEur. Neurol (2002) 48:133–140.
  • LOVETT J, COULL A, ROTHWELL P:Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies. iNeurology (2004) 62:569–573.
  • ANTITHROMBOTIC TRIALISTS' COLLABORATION: Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. iBr. Med. J. (2002) 524:71–86.
  • ANTIPLATELET TRIALISTS' COLLABORATION: Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. iBE Med. J. (1994) 308:81–106.
  • ANTIPLATELET TRIALISTS' COLLABORATION: Secondary prevention of vascular disease by prolonged antiplatelet treatment. iBE Med. (1988) 296:320–331.
  • PATRONO C, ROTH GJ: Aspirin in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. iStroke (1996) 27:756–760.
  • HERBERT JM, FREHELD, BERNAT A iet al.: Clopidogrel hydrogensulfate. iDrugs Future (1993) 18:107–112.
  • SAVI P, HERBERT JM, PFLIEGER AM iet al.: Importance of hepatic metabolism in the antiaggregating activity of the thienopyridine clopidogrel. iBiochem. Pharmacol (1992) 44:527–532.
  • SAVI P, COMBALBERT J, GAICH C iet al.: The antiaggregating activity of clopidogrel is due to a metabolic activation by the hepatic cytochrome P450 1A. iThromb. Haemost. (1994) 72:313–317.
  • PEREILLO JM, MAFTOUH M, ANDRIEU A iet al.: Structure and stereochemistry of the active metabolite of clopidogrel. iDrug Meta& Dispos. (2002) 30:1288–1295.
  • SAVI P, PEREILLO JM, UZABIAGA MF iet al.: Identification and biological activity of the active metabolite of clopidogrel. iThromb. Haemost. (2000) 84:891–896.
  • MILLS DC, PURI R, HU CJ iet al: Clopidogrel inhibits the binding of ADP analogues to the receptor mediating inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase. iArterioscler. Thromb. (1992) 12:430–436.
  • SAVI P, LAPLACE MC, MAFFRAND JP, HERBERT JM: Binding of [31-1]-2-Methylthio-ADP to rat platelets - Effect of clopidogrel and ticlopidine. iPharmacol Exp. Ther. (1994) 269:772–777.
  • LEON C, VIAL C, CAZENAVE JP, GACHET C: Cloning and sequencing of a human cDNA encoding endothelial P2Y1 purinoceptor. iGene (1996) 171:295–297.
  • HOLLOPETER G, JANTZEN HM, VINCENT D iet al.: Identification of the platelet ADP receptor targeted by antithrombotic drugs. iNature (2001) 409:202–207.
  • JIN J, DANIEL JL, KUNAPULI SP: Molecular basis for ADP-induced platelet activation. II. The P2Y1 receptor mediates ADP-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and shape change in platelets. J. iBiol. Chem. (1998) 273:2030–2034.
  • FABRE JE, NGUYEN M, LATOUR A iet al: Decreased platelet aggregation, increased bleeding time and resistance to thromboembolism in P2Y1-deficient mice. iNat. Med. (1999) 5:1199–1202.
  • ANDRE P, DELANEY SM, LAROCCA T iet al: P2Y12 regulates platelet adhesion/activation, thrombus growth, and thrombus stability in injured arteries. iClin. Invest. (2003) 112:398–406.
  • SAVI P, BEAUVERGER P, LAB OURET C iet al: Role of P2Y1 purinoceptor in ADP-induced platelet activation. iFEBS Lett. (1998) 422:291–295.
  • SAVI P, LABOURET C, DELESQUE N, GUETTE F, LUPKER J, HERBERT JM: P2y(12), a new platelet ADP receptor, target of clopidogrel. iBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2001) 283:379–383.
  • WEBER AA, BRAUN M, HOHLFELD T, SCHWIPPERT B, TSCHOPE D, SCHROR K: Recovery of platelet function after discontinuation of clopidogrel treatment in healthy volunteers. iBr. J. Clin. Pharmacol (2001) 52:333–336.
  • HERBERT JM, FREHEL D, VALLEE E iet al: Clopidogrel, a novel antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent. iCardiovasc. Drug Rev (1993) 11:180–198.
  • YAO SK, OBER JC, MCNATT J iet al: ADP plays an important role in mediating platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations iin vivo in stenosed and endothelium-injured canine coronary arteries. iCirc. Res. (1992) 70:39–48.
  • HERBERT JM, BERNAT A, SAINTE-MARIE M, DOL F, RINALDI M: Potentiating effect of clopidogrel and SR 46349, a novel 5-HT2 antagonist, on streptokinase-induced thrombolysis in the rabbit. iThromb. Haemost. (1993) 69:268–271.
  • BERNAT A, DOL F, HERBERT JM, SAINTE-MARIE M, MAFFRAND JP: Potentiating effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents on streptokinase-induced thrombolysis in the rabbit. iFibrino/ysis (1993) 7:23–30.
  • YAO SK, MCNATT J, ANDERSON HV iet al: Concomitant administration of clopidogrel with tissue type plasminogen activator delays reocclusion after the lysis of thrombi in canine coronary arteries. iCirculation (1990) 82:770.
  • ROSS R: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. An update. iN Engl. I Med. (1986) 314: 488–492.
  • HERBERT JM, TISSINIER A, DEFREYN G, MAFFRAND JP: Inhibitory effect of clopidogrel on platelet adhesion and intimal proliferation following arterial injury. iArterioscler. Thromb. (1993) 13:1171–1179.
  • HERBERT JM, BERNAT A, MAFFRAND JP: Importance of platelets in experimental venous thrombosis in the rat. iBlood (1992) 80:2281–2286.
  • DOL F, GAICH C, BERNAT A, MAURAN G, HERBERT JM: Effect of clopidogrel on thrombin generation in the rat. iThromb. Res. (1992) 65:S160.
  • HERBERT JM: Effects of ADP-receptor antagonism beyond traditional inhibition of platelet aggregation. iExpert Opia Investig. Drugs (2004) 13:457–460.
  • HERMANN A, RAUCH BH, BRAUN M, SCHROR K, WEBER AA: Platelet CD40 ligand (CD4OL) - subcellular localization, regulation of expression, and inhibition by clopidogrel. iPlatelets (2001) 12:74–82.
  • HERMANN A, WEBER AA, SCHROR K: Clopidogrel inhibits platelet adhesion and platelet-dependent mitogenesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. iThromb. Res. (2002) 105:173–175.
  • KLINKHARDT U, GRAFF J, HARDER S: Clopidogrel, but not abciximab, reduces platelet leukocyte conjugates and P-selectin expression in a human iex vivo in vitro model. iClin. Pharmacol Ther. (2002) 71:176–185.
  • KLINKHARDT U, BAUERSACHS R, ADAMS J, GRAFF J, LINDHOFF-LAST E, HARDER S: Clopidogrel but not aspirin reduces P-selectin expression and formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. iChi'. Pharmacol Ther. (2003) 73:232–241.
  • DUNZENDORFER S, REINISCH CM, KANEIDER NC, PECHLANER CH, WIEDERMANN CHJ: Inhibition of plasma-dependent monocyte chemokinesis and cytokine-triggered endothelial activation for neutrophil transmigration by administration of clopidogrel in man. iActa Med. Austriaca (2002) 29:100–106.
  • QUINN MJ, BHATT DL, ZIDAR F iet al: Effect of clopidogrel pre-treatment on inflammatory marker expression in patients undergoing parcutaneous coronary interventions. iAm. J. Cardiol (2004) 93:679–684.
  • CHEW DP, BHATT DL, ROBINS MA iet al: Am. J. Cardiol 2001 88:672–674.
  • VIVEKANANTHAN DP, BHATT DL, CHEW DP iet al.: Effect of clopidogrel pre-treatment on periprocedural rise in C-reactive protein after percutaneous coronary intervention. iAm. J. Cardiol (2004) 94:358–360.
  • LEON C, ALEX M, KLOCKE A iet al: Platelet ADP receptors contribute to the initiation of intravascular coagulation. iBlood (2004) 103:594–600.
  • LEON C, RAVANAT C, FREUND M, CAZENAVE JP, GACHET G: Differential involvement of the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors in platelet procoagulant activity. iArterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. (2003) 23:1941–1947.
  • CAPRIE STEERING COMMITTEE: A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). iLancet (1996) 348:1329–1339.
  • RINGLEB P, BHATT D, HIRSCH A iet al.: Benefit of clopidogrel over aspirin is amplified in patients with a history of ischemic events. iStroke (2004) 35:528–532.
  • BHATT DL, MARSO SP, HIRSCH AT iet al.: Amplified benefit of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with diabetes mellitus. iAm. J. Cardiol (2002) 90:625–628.
  • BHATT D, CHEW D, HIRSCH A iet al: Superiority of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with prior cardiac surgery. iCirculation (2001) 103:363–368.
  • BHATT D, FOODY J, HIRSCH A iet al: Complementary, additive benefit of clopidogrel and lipid-lowering therapy in patients with atherothrombosis. iAm. Coll. Cardiol (2000) 35(Suppl. A):326.
  • JARVIS B, SIMPSON K: Clopidogrel: a review of its use in the prevention of atherothrombosis. iDrugs (2000) 60:347–377.
  • DIENER HC, BOGOUSSLAVSKY J, BRASS LM iet al: Management of atherothrombosis with clopidogrel in high-risk patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke (MATCH): Study design and baseline data. iCerebrovasc. Dis. (2004) 17:253–261.
  • DIENER HC, BOGOUSSLAVSKY J, BRASS LM iet al: Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. iLancet (2004) 364:331–337.
  • YUSUF S, ZHAO F, MEHTA SR iet al: Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. iN Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345:494–502.
  • STEINHUBL SR, BERGER PB, MANN JTR iet al: Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. iJAMA (2002) 288:2411–2420.
  • HANKEY GJ: Ongoing and planned trials of antiplatelet therapy in the acute and long-term management of patients with ischaemic brain syndromes: Setting a new standard of care. iCerebrovasc. Dis. (2004) 17\(Suppl. 3):11–16.
  • BHATT DL, TOPOL EJ: Clopidogrel added to aspirin versus aspirin alone in secondary prevention and high-risk primary prevention: rationale and design of the clopidogrel for high atherothrombotic risk and ischemic stabilization, management, and avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. iAm. Heart j (2004) 148:263–268.
  • LIU LS, COLLINS R, CHEN ZM iet al: Rationale, design and organization of the second Chinese cardiac study (CCS-2): a randomized trial of clopidogrel plus aspirin, and of metoprolol, among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. iCardiovasc. Risk (2000) 7:435–441.
  • SABATINE MS, McCABE C, GIBSON C, CANNON CP: Design and rationale of clopidogrel as adjunctive reperfusion therapy -thrombolysis in myoacrdial infarction (CLARITY-TIMI 28) trial. iAm. Heart J. 149:227–233.
  • MARKUS H, DROSTE D, KAPS M iet al.: Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin in symptomatic carotid stenosis evaluated using Doppler embolic signal detection; the multicenter CARESS study. iCirculation (2005) In Press.
  • BENNETT CL, CONNORS JM, CARWILE JM iet al: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with clopidogrel. iN Engl. I Med. (2000) 342:1773–1777.
  • GORDON LI, KWAAN HC: Cancer- and drug-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome. iSem in. Hematol (1997) 34:140–147.
  • MAJHAIL NS, LICHTIN AE: Clopidogrel and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: no clear case for causality. iCleve. Clin. Med. (2003) 70:466–470.
  • ZAKARIJA A, BANDARENKO N, PANDEY DK iet al.: Clopidogrel-associated TTP. An update of pharmacovigilance efforts conducted by independent researchers, pharmaceutical suppliers, and the food and drug administration. iStroke (2004) 35(2):533–537.
  • STEINHUBL S iet al: Incidence and clinical course of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura due to ticlopidine following coronary stenting. iJ. Am. Med. Assoc. (1999) 281:806–810.
  • CLARKE TA, WASKELL LA: The metabolism of clopidogrel is catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 3A and is inhibited by atorvastatin. iDrug. Metab. Dispos. (2003) 31(1):53–59.
  • SEREBRUANY VL, MIDEI MG, MALININ Al iet al.: Absence of interaction between atorvastatin or other statins and clopidogrel: results from the interaction study. iArch. Intern. Med. (2004) 164:2051–2057.
  • GORCHAKOVA O, VON BECKERATH N, GAWAZ M iet al.: Antiplatelet effects of a 600 mg loading dose of clopidogrel are not attenuated in patients receiving atorvastatin or simvastatin for at least 4 weeks prior to coronary artery stenting. iEur. Heart' (2004) 25:1898–1902.
  • SAW J, STEINHUBL SR, BERGER PB iet al: Lack of adverse clopidogrel-atorvastatin clinical interaction from secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled clopidogrel trial. iCirculation (2003) 108:921–924.
  • WIENBERGEN H, GITT AK, SCHIELE R iet al: Comparison of clinical benefits of clopidogrel therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes taking atorvastatin versus other statin therapies. iAm. J. Cardiol (2003) 92:285–288.

Websites

  • Stroke trials directory. Available at URL: www.strokecenter.org/trials. Accessed 14 January 2005.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.