Irinotecan, oxaliplatin and raltitrexed for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer

Bibliography

• AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY: Cancer facts and figures (2005).
   Google Scholar
• JEMAL A, MURRAY T, WARD E et al.: Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin. (2005) 55:10-30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FARRUGIA DC, FORD HE, CUNNINGHAM D et al.: Thymidylate synthase expression in advanced colorectal cancer predicts for response to raltitrexed. Clin. Cancer Res. (2003) 9:792-801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAISEY NR, NORMAN A, WATSON M et al.: Baseline quality of life predicts survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38:1351-1357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADVANCED COLORECTAL CANCER META-ANALYSIS PROJECT: Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: evidence in terms of response rate. J. Clin. Oncol. (1992) 10:896-903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PETRELLI N, DOUGLASS HO, HERRERA L et al.: The modulation of fluorouracil with leucovorin in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a prospective randomized Phase III trial. J. Clin. Oncol. (1989) 7:1419-1426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POON MA, O’CONNELL MJ, WEIAND HS et al.: Biochemical modulation of fluorouracil with leucovorin: confirmatory evidence of improved therapeutic efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1991) 9:1967-1972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAGUCHI T, WAKUI A, HASEGAWA K et al.: Phase I clinical study of CPT-11. Research group of CPT-11. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho (1990) 17:115-120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ROTHENBERG MI, KUHN JG, AND BURRIS HA: Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of weekly CPT-11. J. Clin. Oncol. (1993) 11:2194-2204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAUSSANEL JP, LEVI F, BRIENZA S et al.: Phase I trial of 5-day continuous venous infusion of oxaliplatin at circidian rhythm-modulated rate compared with constant rate. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1990) 82:1046-1050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVI F, MISSET JL, BRIENZA S et al.: A chronopharmacologic Phase II clinical trial with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, and oxaliplatin using an ambulatory multichannel programmable pump. High antitumor effectiveness against metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer (1992) 69:893-900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEAD GM: Raltitrexed, a new drug for advancer colorectal cancer. Lancet (1996) 347:568-1569.
   Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM D, ZALCBERG J, MAROUN J et al.: Efficacy, tolerability and management of raltitrexed (tomudex) monotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. A review of Phase II/III trials. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38:478-486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN CUTSEM E, CUNNINGHAM D, TEN BOKKEL HUININK WW et al.: Clinical activity and benefit of irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with colorectal cancer truly resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Eur. J. Cancer (1999) 35:54-59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSAVARIS NB, POLYZOS A, GENNATAS K et al.: Irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with advanced colon carcinoma replasing after 5-fluorouracil-leucovorin combination. Chemotherapy (2002) 48:94-99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GLIMELIUS B: Benefit-risk assessment of irinotecan in advanced colorectal cancer. Drug Saf. (2005) 28:417-433.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SEIUM Y, STUPP R, RUHSTALLER T et al.: Oxaliplatin combined with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (OCFL) in metastatic colorectal cancer: a Phase I – II study. Ann. Oncol. (2005) 16:762-766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOHN KW, POMMIER Y: Molecular and biological determinants of the cytotoxic actions of camptothecins. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2000) 922:11-12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XU G, ZHANG W, MA MK, MCLEOD HL: Human carboxyesterase 2 is commonly expressed in tumor tissue and is correlated with activation of irinotecan. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8:2605-2611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATHIJSSEN RH, VAN ALPHEN RJ, VERWEIJ J et al.: Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11). Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7:2182-2194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURKE TG, BOM D: Camptothecin design and delivery approaches for elevating anti-topoisomerase I activities in vivo. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2000) 922:36-42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DESOIZE B, MADOULET C, GRAHAM, MA et al.: Particular aspects of platinum compounds used at present in cancer treatment. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. (2002) 42:317-325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVI F, METZGER G, MASSARI C et al.: Oxaliplatin: pharmacokinetics and chronopharmacological aspects. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2000) 5:1-21.
   Google Scholar
• CARRATO A, GALLEGO J, DIAZ-RUBIO E: Oxaliplatin: results in colorectal carcinoma. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. (2002) 44:29-44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAYMOND E, FAIVRE S, CHANET S et al.: Cellular and molecular pharmacology of oxaliplatin. Mol Cancer Ther. (2002) 1:227-235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN CUTSEM E, CUNNINGHAM D, MAROUN J et al.: Raltitrexed: current clinical status and future directions. Ann. Oncol. (2002) 13:513-522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARNES MJ, ESTLIN EJ, TAYLOR GA et al.: Impact of polyglutamation on sensitivity to raltitrexed and methotrexate in relation to drug-induced inhibition of de novo thymidylate and purine biosynthesis in CCRF-CEM cell lines. Clin. Cancer Res. (1999) 5:2548-2558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUNASEKARA NS, FAULDS D: Raltitrexed. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in the management of advanced colorectal cancer. Drugs (1998) 55:423-435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM D, ZALCBERG JR, RATH U et al.: ‘Tomudex’ (ZD1694): results of a randomised trial in advanced colorectal cancer demonstrate efficacy and reduced mucositis and leucopenia. The ‘Tomudex’ Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Eur. J. Cancer (1995) 31:1945-1954.
   Google Scholar
• TSAVARIS N, KOSMAS C, VADIAKA M et al.: Raltitrexed (tomudex) administration in patients with relapsed metastatic colorectal cancer after weekly irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy. BMC Cancer (2002) 2:1471-1476.
   Google Scholar
• SENTER PD, BEAM KS, MIXAN B et al.: Identification and activation of human carboxyesterases for the activation of CPT-11, a clinically approved anticancer drug. Bioconjugate Chem. (2001) 12:074-1080.
   Google Scholar
• MATHIJSSEN RH, VERWEIJ J, DE BRUIJN P et al.: Effect of St. John’s on irinotecan metabolism. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2002) 94:1247-1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUHN JG: Influence of anticonvulsants on the metabolism and elimination of irinotecan. A North American Brain Tumor Consortium preliminary report. Oncology (2002) 16:33-40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KEHRER DF, MATHIJSSEN RH, VERWEIJ J et al.: Modulation of irinotecan metabolism by ketoconazole. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20:3122-3129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAO S, RUSTUM YM: Synergistic antitumor activity of irinotecan in combination with 5-fluorouracil in rats bearing advanced colorectal cancer: role of drug sequence and dose. Cancer Res. (2000) 60:3717-3721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AZRAK RG, CAO S, SLOCUM HK et al.: Therapeutic synergy between irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil against human tumor xenografts. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10:1121-1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAO S, DURRANI FA, RUSTUM YM: Synergistic antitumor activity of capecitabine in combination with irinotecan. Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2005) 4:336-343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GRAHAM MA, LOCKWOOD GF, GREENSLADE D et al.: Clinical pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin: a critical review. Clin. Cancer Res. (2000) 6:1205-1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEALE P, JUDSON I, HANWELL J et al.: Metabolism, excretion and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of 14C-raltitrexed in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1998) 42:71-76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROUGIER P, BUGAT R, DOUILLARD JY et al.: Phase II study of irinotecan in treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in chemotherapy-naïve patients and patients pretreated with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 15:251-260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAVRENKOV K, MAN S, MERMERSHTAIN W et al.: Retrospective comparison of single-agent chemotherapy with weekly 5-fluorouracil or weekly irinotecan in previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Chemother. (2002) 14 :84-87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIRVIDA JL, IRIGOYEN A, VAZQUEZ-ESTEVEZ S et al.: Phase II study of irinotecan as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Cancer (2001) 15:251-260.
   Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM D, GLIMELIUS B: A Phase III study of irinotecan (CPT-11) versus best supportive care in patients with metastatic colorectal colorectal cancer who have failed 5-fluorouracil therapy, V301 study group. Semin. Oncol. (1999) 26:6-12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN CUTSEM E, GBLIJHAM GH: Irinotecan versus infusion 5-fluorouracil: a Phase III study in metastatic colorectal colorectal cancer following failure on first-line 5-fluorouracil therapy, V302 study group. Semin. Oncol. (1999) 26:13-20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ULRICH-PUR H, KORNEK GV, FIEBIGER W et al.: Multicenter Phase II trial of dose-fractionated Irinotecan in patients withadvancer colorectal colorectal cancer failing oxaliplatin-based first-line combination chemotherapy. Ann. Oncol. (2001) 12:1269-1272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHOEMAKER NE, KUPPENS IE, MOISEYENKO V et al.: A randomised Phase II multicenter trial of irinotecan (CPT-11) using four different schedules in patients with metastatic colorectal colorectal cancer. Br. J. Cancer (2004) 91:1434-1441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EARLE CC, KWOK A, GAZELLE GS et al.: Two schedules of second-line irinotecan for metastatic colorectal colorectal carcinoma. Cancer (2004) 101:2533-2539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKAHASHI Y, KITAKATA H, YAMASHITA K et al.: Pilot study of low-dose, divide maximum tolerated dose of CPT-11 in 21 consecutive patients with metastatic colorectal or gastric cancer. Surg. Today (2004) 34:246-250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAU I, NORMAN AR, CUNNINGHAM, D et al.: Elderly pateints with fluoropyrimidine and thymidylate synthase inhibitor-resistant advanced colorectal cancer derive similar benefit without excessive toxicity when treated with irinotecan montherapy. Br. J. Cancer (2004) 91:1453-1458.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VAN CUTSEM E, DIRIX L, VAN LAETHEM JL et al.: Optimisation of irinotecan dose in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after 5-FU failure: results from a multinational, randomised Phase II study. Br. J. Cancer (2005) 92:1055-1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN HOEFER U, HARSTRICK A, KOHNE CH et al.: Phase I study of a weekly schedule of irinotecan, high-dose leucovorin, and infusional fluorouracilas first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:907-913.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SALTZ LB, COX JV, BLANKE C et al.: Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2000) 343:905-914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOUILLARD JY, CUNNINGHAM D, ROTH AD et al.: Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet (2005) 355:1041-1047.
   Google Scholar
• ROTHENBERG ML, MEROPOL NJ, POPLIN EA et al.: Mortality associated with irinotecan plus bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin: summary findings of an independent panel. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19:3801-3807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REA DW, NORTIER JW, TEN BOKKEL HUININK WW et al.: A Phase I/II and pharmacokinetic study of irinotecan in combination with capecitabine as first-line therapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol. (2005) 16:1123-1132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CARTWRIGHT T, LOPEZ T, VUKELJA SJ et al.: Results of a Phase II open-label study of capecitabine in combination with irinotecan as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2005) 5:50-56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PRICE T, HILL M: UFT/leucovorin plus irinotecan in advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol. (2000) 14(Suppl. 9):28-31.
   Google Scholar
• COMELLA P, BIGLIETTO M, CASARETTI R et al.: Irinotecan and mitomycin C in 5-fluorouracil -refractory colorectal cancer patients. A Phase I/II study of the Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group. Oncology (2001) 60:127-133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHEITHAUER W, KORNEK GV, BRUGGER S et al.: Randomized Phase II study of irinotecan plus mitomycin C versus oxaliplatin plus mitomycin C in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/ leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. Cancer Invest. (2002) 20:60-68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WASSERMAN E, SUTHERLAND W, CVITKOVIC E: Irinotecan plus oxaliplatin: a promising combination for advanced colorectal cancer. Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2001) 1:149-153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHEITHAUER W, KORNEK GV, RADERER M et al.: Combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:900-906.
   Google Scholar
• SCHULL B, KORNEK GV, SCHMID K et al.: Second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer with a biweekly oxaliplatin plus irinotecan combination regimen. Onkologie (2002) 25:358-362.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CARNAGHI C, RIMASSA L, GARASSINO I et al.: Irinotecan and raltitrexed: an active combination in advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol. (2002) 13:1424-1429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FELIU J, SALUD A, ESCUDERO P et al.: Irinotecan plus raltitrexed as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer: a Phase II study. Br. J. Cancer (2004) 90:1502-1507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APARICIO J, VICENT JM, MAESTU I et al.: First-line treatment with irinotecan and raltitrexed in metastatic colorectal cancer. Mature results of a multicenter Phase II study. Oncology (2005) 68:58-63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDBERG RM, SARGENT DJ, MORTON RF et al.: A randomized controlled trial of fluoropyrimidine plus leucovorin, irinotecan and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22:23-30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APARICIO J, VICENT JM, MAESTU I et al.: Multicenter Phase II trial evaluating a three-weekly schedule of irinotecan plus raltitrexed in patients with 5-fluorouracil-refractory advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol. (2003) 14:1121-1125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CALVO E, CORTES J, RODRIGUEZ J et al.: Irinotecan, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination chemotherapy in advanced colorectal carcinomas: a Phase II study. Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2002) 2:104-110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MASI G, ALLEGRINI G, CUPINI S et al.: First-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with irinotecan, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOXIRI): results of a Phase II study with a simplified biweekly schedule. Ann. Oncol. (2004) 15:1766-1772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROTHEY A, SARGENT D, GOLDBERG RM et al.: Survival of patients with advanced colorectal improves with the availability of fluorouracil/leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in the course of treatment. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22:1209-1214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEJNA M, KOSTLER WJ, RADERER M et al.: Phase II study of second-line oxaliplatin, irinotecan and mitomycin C in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. Anti-Cancer Drugs (2000) 22:629-634.
   Google Scholar
• ROTHENBERG ML: Efficacy of oxaliplatin in treatment of colorectal cancer. Oncology (2000) 14:9-14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IBRAHIM A, HIRSCHFELD S, COHEN MH et al.: FDA drug approval summaries: oxaliplatin. Oncologist (2004) 9:8-12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAKIH M: 5-fluorouracil leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in the treatment of metastatic colon cancer with severe liver dysfunction. Oncology (2004) 67:222-224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NERI B, DONI L, FULIGNATI C et al.: Raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter non-randomized Phase II study. Anti-Cancer Drugs (2002) 13:719-724.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SANTINI D, MASSACESI C, D’ANGELILLO RM et al.: Raltitrexed plus weekly oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter non-randomized Phase II study. Med. Oncol. (2004) 21:59-66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHEITHAUER W, KORNEK GV, SCHUELL B et al.: Second-line treatment with oxaliplatin + raltitrexed in patients with advanced colorectal cancer failing fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-base chemotherapy. Ann. Oncol. (2001) 12:709-714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAKATSORIS T, KALOFONOS HP, ARAVANTINOS G et al.: A Phase II of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX): a new first-line option in metastatic colorectal cancer. Int. J. Gastrointest. Cancer (2005) 35:103-109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COMELLA P, MASSIDDA B, PALMERI S et al.: Biweekly oxaliplatin combined with oral capecitabine (OXXEL): a Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II study. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (2005) 35:103-109.
   Google Scholar
• SCHEITHAUER W, KORNEK GV, RADERER S et al.: Randomized multicenter Phase II trial of oxaliplatin plus irinotecan versus raltitrexed as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20:165-172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COMELLA P, CASARETTI R, CRUCITT E et al.: Oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed and leucovorin-modulated 5-fluorouracil i.v. bolus: a salvage regimen for colorectal cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer (2002) 86:1871-1875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAUGHAN TS, JAMES RD, KERR DJ et al.: Comparison of survival, palliation, and qulity of life with three chemotherapy regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter randomised trial. Lancet (2002) 359:1537-1538.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FELIU J, MEL JR, CAMPS C et al.: Raltitrexed in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer: an active and low toxicity regimen. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38:1204-1211.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KOHNE CH, THUSS-PATIENCE P, FRIEDRICH M et al.: Raltitrexed (tomudex): an alternative drug for patients with colorectal cancer and 5-fluorouracil associated cardiotoxicity. Br. J. Cancer (1998) 77:973-977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SATO A, KURIHARA M, HORIKOSHI N et al.: Phase II study of raltitrexed (tomudex) in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Tomudex Cooperative Study Group. Anti-Cancer Drugs (1999) 10:741-748.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOTWOOD N, JAMES R, VERNON C et al.: Raltitrexed (‘tomudex’) and radiotherapy can be combined as postoperative treatment for rectal cancer. Ann. Oncol. (2000) 11:1023-1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAMES R, PRICE P, VALENTINI V: Raltitrexed (‘tomudex’) concomitant with radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment for patients with rectal cancer: preliminary results of Phase I studies. Eur. J. Cancer (1999) 35(Suppl. 1):S19-S22.
   Google Scholar
• SCHWARTZ GK, HARSTRICK A, GONZALEZ BARON M et al.: Raltitrexed (tomudex) in combination with 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer: preliminary results from Phase I clinical trials. Eur. J. Cancer (1999) 35(Suppl. 1):S9-S13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COMELLA P, DE VITA F, MANCARELLA S et al.: Biweekly irinotecan or raltitrexed plus 6S-leucivorin and bolus 5-fluorouracil in advanced colorectal carcinoma: a Southern Italy Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II – III randomized trial. Oncology (2000) 11:1323-1333.
   Google Scholar
• CHIARA S, NOBILE MT, GOZZA A et al.: Irinotecan (I) and raltitrexed (R) in untreated advanced colorectal cancer patients: a Phase II study. ASCO Annual Meeting (2003) 22:315.
   Google Scholar
• CASCINU S, GRAZIANO F, FERRAU F et al.: Raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin (TOMOX) as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. A Phase II study of the Italian group for the study of gastrointestinal tract carcinomas (GISCAD). Ann. Oncol. (2002) 13:716-720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEITZ JF, BENNOUNA J, PAILLOT B et al.: Multicenter non-randomized Phase II of raltitrexed (tomudex) and oxaliplatin in non-pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann. Oncol. (2002) 13:1072-1079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHEITHAUER W, KORNEK GV, ULRICH-PUR H et al.: Oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma: results of a Phase I – II trial. Ann. Cancer (2001) 91:1264-1271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drug-company decision to end cancer trial. Lancet (1999) 354:1045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEINER M, SEULE M, STEINER B et al.: 5-Fluorouracil/irinotecan induced lethal toxicity as a results of a combined pharmacogenetic syndrome: a report of a case. J. Clin. Pathol. (2005) 58:553-555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OZTOP I, DEMIRKAN B, YAREN A et al.: Rapid tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with metastatic colon cancer as a complication of treatment with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and irinotecan. Tumori (2004) 90:514-516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OSTERLUND P, ORPANA A, ELOMAA I et al.: Raltitrexed treatment promotes systemic inflammatory reaction in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer (2002) 87:591-599.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KOEHNE CH, BRUCE C, FOLPRECHT G et al.: Role of new agents in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Surg. Oncol. (2004) 813:75-81.
   Google Scholar
• PARK DJ, STOEHLMACHER J, LENZ HJ: Tailoring chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. (2003) 3:378-385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BHATTACHARYA A, TÓTH K, MAZURCHUK R et al.: Lack of microvessels in well-differentiated regions of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma A253 is associated with functional magnetic resonance imaging detectable hypoxia, limited drug delivery, and resistance to irinotecan therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10:8005-8017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HURWITZ H, FEHRENBACHER L, NOVOTNY W et al.: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350:2335-2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAO S, DURRANI F, RUSTUM YM: Selective modulation of the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs by selenium containing compounds against human tumor xenografts. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10:2561-2569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YIN MB, LI Z-R, TOTH K et al.: Potentiation of irinotecan sensitivity by Se-methylselenocysteine in an in vivo model is associated with down regulation of cycloxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression. Oncogene (2006) (In Press).
   Google Scholar
• RUSTUM YM, PENDYALA L, CREAVEN P et al.: A Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of high dose selenomethionine (SLM) in combination with irinotecan (IRI) in patients with advanced solid tumors. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(Suppl. 16):2080.
   Google Scholar
• ANDRÉ T, BENSMAINE MA, LOUVET C et al.: Multicenter Phase II study of bimonthly high-dose leucovorin, fluorouracil infusion, and oxaliplatin for metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to the same leucovorin and fluorouracil regimen. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:3560-3568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE GRAMONT A, FIGER A, SEYMOUR M et al.: Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:2938-2947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WASSERMAN E, CUVIER C, LOKIEC F et al.: Combination of oxaliplatin plus irinotecan in patients with gastrointestinal tumors: results of two independent Phase I studies with pharmacokinetics. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:1751-1759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOURNIGAND C, ANDRÉ T, ACHILLE E et al.: FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22:229-237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar