The PEPvIII-KLH (CDX-110) vaccine in glioblastoma multiforme patients

Bibliography

• Bruner JM, Tien RD. Russell and Rubinstein's Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System. Secondary tumors. London: Edward Arnold, 1998
   Google Scholar
• Davis FG, Malinski N, Haenszel W, et al. Primary brain tumor incidence rates in four United States regions, 1985-1989: a pilot study. Neuroepidemiology 1996;15:103-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly PJ. Stereotactic resection and its limitations in glial neoplasms. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1992;59:84-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker MD, Green SB, Byar DP, et al. Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery. N Engl J Med 1980;303:1323-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:987-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegi ME, Diserens AC, Gorlia T, et al. MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:997-1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker MD, Alexander E Jr, Hunt WE, et al. Evaluation of BCNU and/or radiotherapy in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. A cooperative clinical trial. J Neurosurg 1978;49:333-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro WR. Therapy of adult malignant brain tumors: what have the clinical trials taught us?. Semin Oncol 1986;13:38-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salford LG, Brun A, Nirfalk S. Ten-year survival among patients with supratentorial astrocytomas grade III and IV. J Neurosurg 1988;69:506-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinapoli RP, Brown LD, Arusell RM, et al. Phase III comparative evaluation of PCNU and carmustine combined with radiation therapy for high-grade glioma. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1316-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vredenburgh JJ, Desjardins A, Herndon JE 2nd, et al. Phase II trial of bevacizumab and irinotecan in recurrent malignant glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:1253-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickard JD, Bailey S, Sanderson H, et al. Steps towards cost-benefit analysis of regional neurosurgical care. Br Med J 1990;301:629-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imperato JP, Paleologos NA, Vick NA. Effects of treatment on long-term survivors with malignant astrocytomas. Ann Neurol 1990;28:818-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall WA, Fodstad O. Immunotoxins and central nervous system neoplasia. J Neurosurg 1992;76:1-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cserr HF, Depasquale M, Harling-Berg CJ, et al. Afferent and efferent arms of the humoral immune response to CSF-administered albumins in a rat model with normal blood-brain barrier permeability. J Neuroimmunol 1992;41:195-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks WH, Caldwell HD, Mortara RH. Immune responses in patients with gliomas. Surg Neurol 1974;2:419-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahaley MS Jr, Brooks WH, Roszman Tl, et al. Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors. Part 1: studies of the cellular and humoral general immune competence of brain-tumor patients. J Neurosurg 1977;46:467-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miescher S, Whiteside TL, de Tribolet N, von Fliedner V. In situ characterization, clonogenic potential, and antitumor cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes infiltrating human brain cancers. J Neurosurg 1988;68:438-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calzascia T, Masson F, Di Berardino-Besson W, et al. Homing phenotypes of tumor-specific CD8 T cells are predetermined at the tumor site by crosspresenting APCs. Immunity 2005;22:175-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickey WF, Hsu BL, Kimura H. T-lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system. J Neurosci Res 1991;28:254-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pachner AR, Brady J, Narayan K. Antibody-secreting cells in the central nervous system in an animal model of MS: phenotype, association with disability, and in vitro production of antibody. J Neuroimmunol 2007;190:112-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser R, Dorries R, ter Meulen J, et al. Serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection of the central nervous system in African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eur Neurol 1990;30:27-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warrington AE, Asakura K, Bieber AJ, et al. Human monoclonal antibodies reactive to oligodendrocytes promote remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:6820-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bard F, Cannon C, Barbour R, et al. Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid beta-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.Nat Med 2000;6:916-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Crotty LE, Archer GE, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor VIII peptide vaccination is efficacious against established intracerebral tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:4247-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Crotty LE, Lee S, et al. Unarmed, tumor-specific monoclonal antibody effectively treats brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:7503-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon DA, Akabani G, Coleman RE, et al. Salvage radioimmunotherapy with murine iodine-131-labeled antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 for patients with recurrent primary and metastatic malignant brain tumors: phase II study results. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:115-22. [erratum appears in J Clin Oncol 2006 Mar 20;24(9):1484]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks WH, Netsky MG, Normansell DE, Horwitz DA. Depressed cell-mediated immunity in patients with primary intracranial tumors. Characterization of a humoral immunosuppressive factor. J Exp Med 1972;136:1631-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menzies CB, Gunar M, Thomas DG, Behan PO. Impaired thymus-derived lymphocyte function in patients with malignant brain tumour. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1980;82:157-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks WH, Roszman TL, Rogers AS. Impairment of rosette-forming T lymphoctyes in patients with primary intracranial tumors. Cancer 1976;37:1869-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks WH, Roszman TL, Mahaley MS, Woosley RE. Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumours. II. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with primary brain tumours. Clin Exp Immunol 1977;29:61-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun DP, Penn RD, Flannery AM, Harris JE. Immunoregulatory cell function in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with intracranial gliomas. Neurosurgery 1982;10:203-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott L, Brooks W, Roszman T. Role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-2 receptor expression in the proliferative defect observed in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with gliomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987;78:919-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott LH, Brooks WH, Roszman TL. Inability of mitogen-activated lymphocytes obtained from patients with malignant primary intracranial tumors to express high affinity interleukin 2 receptors. J Clin Invest 1990;86:80-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miescher S, Whiteside TL, Carrel S, von Fliedner V. Functional properties of tumor-infiltrating and blood lymphocytes in patients with solid tumors: effects of tumor cells and their supernatants on proliferative responses of lymphocytes. J Immunol 1986;136:1899-907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roszman TL, Brooks WH, Elliott LH. Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors. VI. Suppressor cell function and lectin-binding lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with cerebral tumors. Cancer 1982;50:1273-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roszman TL, Elliott LH, Brooks WH. Proliferative potential of T-cell lymphocytes from gliomas. J Neurosurg 1992;77:820-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roszman TL, Brooks WH. Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumours. III. Demonstration of a qualitative lymphocyte abnormality in patients with primary brain tumours. Clin Exp Immunol 1980;39:395-402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas DG, Lannigan CB, Behan PO. Letter. Impaired cell-mediated immunity in human brain tumours. Lancet 1975;1:1389-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young HF, Sakalas R, Kaplan AM. Immunologic depression in cerebral gliomas. Adv Neurol 1976;15:327-35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bodmer S, Strommer K, Frei K, et al. Immunosuppression and transforming growth factor-beta in glioblastoma. Preferential production of transforming growth factor-beta 2. J Immunol 1989;143:3222-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontana A, Hengartner H, de Tribolet N, Weber E. Glioblastoma cells release interleukin 1 and factors inhibiting interleukin 2-mediated effects. J Immunol 1984;132:1837-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuppner MC, Hamou MF, Bodmer S, et al. The glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor/transforming growth factor beta2 inhibits the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Int J Cancer 1988;42:562-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roszman TL, Brooks WH, Elliott LH. Inhibition of lymphocyte responsiveness by a glial tumor cell-derived suppressive factor. J Neurosurg 1987;67:874-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuchi K, Neuwelt EA. Presence of immunosuppressive factors in brain-tumor cyst fluid. J Neurosurg 1983;59:790-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Martin R, Haendler B, Hofer-Warbinek R, et al. Complementary DNA for human glioblastoma-derived T cell suppressor factor, a novel member of the transforming growth factor-β gene family. EMBO J 1987;6:3673-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrann M, Bodmer S, de Martin R, et al. T cell suppressor factor from human glioblastoma cells is a 12.5-kd protein closely related to transforming growth factor-β. EMBO J 1987;6:1633-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czarniecki CW, Chiu HH, Wong GH, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 modulates the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens on human cells. J Immunol 1988;140:4217-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuber P, Kuppner MC, de Tribolet N. Transforming growth factor-β2 down-regulates HLA-DR antigen expression on human malignant glioma cells. Eur J Immunol 1988;18:1623-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehrl JH, Wakefield LM, Roberts AB, et al. Production of transforming growth factor β by human T lymphocytes and its potential role in the regulation of T cell growth. J Exp Med 1986;163:1037-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl SM, Hunt DA, Wong HL, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta is a potent immunosuppressive agent that inhibits IL-1-dependent lymphocyte proliferation. J Immunol 1988;140:3026-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehrl JH, Roberts AB, Wakefield LM, et al. Transforming growth factor beta is an important immunomodulatory protein for human B lymphocytes. J Immunol 1986;137:3855-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwyzer M, Fontana A. Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a T cell suppressor factor produced by human glioblastoma cells. J Immunol 1985;134:1003-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rook AH, Kehrl JH, Wakefield LM, et al. Effects of transforming growth factor beta on the functions of natural killer cells: depressed cytolytic activity and blunting of interferon responsiveness. J Immunol 1986;136:3916-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranges GE, Figari IS, Espevik T, Palladino MA Jr. Inhibition of cytotoxic T cell development by transforming growth factor β and reversal by recombinant tumor necrosis factor α. J Exp Med 1987;166:991-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espevik T, Figari IS, Shalaby MR, et al. Inhibition of cytokine production by cyclosporin A and transforming growth factor β. J Exp Med 1987;166:571-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torre-Amione G, Beauchamp RD, Koeppen H, et al. A highly immunogenic tumor transfected with a murine transforming growth factor type β1 cDNA escapes immune surveillance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:1486-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, et al. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J Immunol 1995;155:1151-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suri-Payer E, Amar AZ, Thornton AM, Shevach EM. CD4+CD25+ T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells. J Immunol 1998;160:1212-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonuleit H, Schmitt E, Stassen M, et al. Identification and functional characterization of human CD4+CD25+ T cells with regulatory properties isolated from peripheral blood. J Exp Med 2001;193:1285-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamagiwa S, Gray JD, Hashimoto S, Horwitz DA. A role for TGF-β in the generation and expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from human peripheral blood. J Immunol 2001;166:7282-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng WF, Duggan PJ, Ponchel F, et al. Human CD4+CD25+ cells: a naturally occurring population of regulatory T cells. Blood 2001;98:2736-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton AM, Shevach EM. CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J Exp Med 1998;188:287-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieckmann D, Plottner H, Berchtold S, et al. Ex vivo isolation and characterization of CD4+CD25+ T cells with regulatory properties from human blood. J Exp Med 2001;193:1303-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton AM, Shevach EM. Suppressor effector function of CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells is antigen nonspecific. J Immunol 2000;164:183-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura K, Kitani A, Strober W. Cell contact-dependent immunosuppression by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is mediated by cell surface-bound transforming growth factor beta. J Exp Med 2001;194:629-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieckmann D, Bruett CH, Ploettner H, et al. Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory, contact-dependent T cells induce interleukin 10-producing, contact-independent type 1-like regulatory T cells. J Exp Med 2002;196:247-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taguchi O, Kontani K, Ikeda H, et al. Tissue-specific suppressor T cells involved in self-tolerance are activated extrathymically by self-antigens. Immunology 1994;82:365-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taguchi O, Nishizuka Y. Self tolerance and localized autoimmunity. Mouse models of autoimmune disease that suggest tissue-specific suppressor T cells are involved in self tolerance. J Exp Med 1987;165:146-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seddon B, Mason D. Peripheral autoantigen induces regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmunity. J Exp Med 1999;189:877-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seddon B, Mason D. Regulatory T cells in the control of autoimmunity: the essential role of transforming growth factor β and interleukin 4 in the prevention of autoimmune thyroiditis in rats by peripheral CD4+CD45RC– cells and CD4+CD8– thymocytes. J Exp Med 1999;189:279-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagavant H, Thompson C, Ohno K, et al. Differential effect of neonatal thymectomy on systemic and organ-specific autoimmune disease. Int Immunol 2002;14:1397-406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asano M, Toda M, Sakaguchi N, Sakaguchi S. Autoimmune disease as a consequence of developmental abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. J Exp Med 1996;184:387-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori S, Haury M, Coutinho A, Demengeot J. Specificity requirements for selection and effector functions of CD25+4+ regulatory T cells in anti-myelin basic protein T cell receptor transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:8213-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori S, Haury M, Lafaille JJ, et al. Peripheral expansion of thymus-derived regulatory cells in anti-myelin basic protein T cell receptor transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 2002;32:3729-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohm AP, Carpentier PA, Anger HA, Miller SD. Cutting edge: CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress antigen-specific autoreactive immune responses and central nervous system inflammation during active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2002;169:4712-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liyanage UK, Moore TT, Joo HG, et al. Prevalence of regulatory T cells is increased in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreas or breast adenocarcinoma. J Immunol 2002;169:2756-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf AM, Wolf D, Steurer M, et al. Increase of regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:606-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo EY, Chu CS, Goletz TJ, et al. Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells in tumors from patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and late-stage ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2001;61:4766-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somasundaram R, Jacob L, Swoboda R, et al. Inhibition of cytolytic T lymphocyte proliferation by autologous CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells in a colorectal carcinoma patient is mediated by transforming growth factor-β. Cancer Res 2002;62:5267-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu J, Yamazaki S, Sakaguchi S. Induction of tumor immunity by removing CD25+CD4+ T cells: a common basis between tumor immunity and autoimmunity. J Immunol 1999;163:5211-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steitz J, Bruck J, Lenz J, et al. Depletion of CD25+ CD4+ T cells and treatment with tyrosinase-related protein 2-transduced dendritic cells enhance the interferon α-induced, CD8+rExpFnd T-cell-dependent immune defense of B16 melanoma. Cancer Res 2001;61:8643-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutmuller RP, van Duivenvoorde LM, van Elsas A, et al. Synergism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade and depletion of CD25+ regulatory T cells in antitumor therapy reveals alternative pathways for suppression of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med 2001;194:823-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain SF, Yang D, Suki D, et al. The role of human glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages in mediating antitumor immune responses. Neuro Oncol 2006;8:261-79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Andaloussi A, Lesniak MS. An increase in CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of human glioblastoma multiforme. Neuro Oncol 2006;8:234-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Reina-Ortiz C, Yang DS, et al. Incidence and prognostic impact of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in human gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:5166-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grauer OM, Nierkens S, Bennink E, et al. CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells gradually accumulate in gliomas during tumor growth and efficiently suppress antiglioma immune responses in vivo. Int J Cancer 2007;121:95-105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fecci P, Mitchell DA, Whitesides J, et al. Increased regulatory T-cell fraction amidst a diminished CD4 compartment explains cellular immune defects in patients with malignant glioma. Cancer Res 2006;66:3294-302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain SF, Kong L-Y, Jordan J, et al. A novel small molecule inhibitor of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 reverses immune tolerance in malignant glioma patients. Cancer Res 2007;67:9630-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Sun W, Kong L-Y, et al. Glioblastoma stem cells mediate immune suppression that can be inhibited with Jak2/Stat3 blockade. J Clin Oncol(Supplement)2008;26 (15S, Part I of II): Abstract 2012
   Google Scholar
• Ekstrand AJ, James CD, Cavenee WK, et al. Genes for epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor α, and epidermal growth factor and their expression in human gliomas in vivo. Cancer Res 1991;51:2164-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikstrand CJ, McLendon RE, Friedman AH, Bigner DD. Cell surface localization and density of the tumor-associated variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFRvIII. Cancer Res 1997;57:4130-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand AJ, Longo N, Hamid ML, et al. Functional characterization of an EGF receptor with a truncated extracellular domain expressed in glioblastomas with EGFR gene amplification. Oncogene 1994;9:2313-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Hlatky R, Suki D, et al. Prognostic effect of epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:1462-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Suki D, Yang D, et al. The natural history of EGFR and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma multiforme patients. J Transl Med 2005;3:38. Published online 19 October 2005, doi:10.1186/1479-5876-3-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelloski CE, Ballman KV, Furth AF, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III status defines clinically distinct subtypes of glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2288-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikstrand CJ, Hale LP, Batra SK, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against EGFRvIII are tumor specific and react with breast and lung carcinomas and malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 1995;55:3140-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey PA, Wong AJ, Vogelstein B, et al. Anti-synthetic peptide antibody reacting at the fusion junction of deletion-mutant epidermal growth factor receptors in human glioblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:4207-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reist CJ, Archer GE, Kurpad SN, et al. Tumor-specific anti-epidermal growth factor receptor variant III monoclonal antibodies: use of the tyramine-cellobiose radioiodination method enhances cellular retention and uptake in tumor xenografts. Cancer Res 1995;55:4375-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikstrand CJ, Stanley SD, Humphrey PA, et al. Investigation of a synthetic peptide as immunogen for a variant epidermal growth factor receptor associated with gliomas. J Neuroimmunol 1993;46:165-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perera RM, Narita Y, Furnari FB, et al. Treatment of human tumor xenografts with monoclonal antibody 806 in combination with a prototypical epidermal growth factor receptor-specific antibody generates enhanced antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:6390-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jungbluth AA, Stockert E, Huang HJ, et al. A monoclonal antibody recognizing human cancers with amplification/overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:639-44[erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003 Feb 18;100(4):2163]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns TG, Stockert E, Ritter G, et al. Novel monoclonal antibody specific for the de2-7 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that also recognizes the EGFR expressed in cells containing amplification of the EGFR gene. Int J Cancer 2002;98:398-408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luwor RB, Johns TG, Murone C, et al. Monoclonal antibody 806 inhibits the growth of tumor xenografts expressing either the de2-7 or amplified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not wild-type EGFR. Cancer Res 2001;61:5355-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishima K, Johns TG, Luwor RB, et al. Growth suppression of intracranial xenografted glioblastomas overexpressing mutant epidermal growth factor receptors by systemic administration of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 806, a novel monoclonal antibody directed to the receptor. Cancer Res 2001;61:5349-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Archer GE, Crotty LE, et al. Dendritic cells pulsed with a tumor-specific peptide induce long-lasting immunity and are effective against murine intracerebral melanoma. Neurosurgery 2002;50:158-64; discussion 164-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu AH, Xiao J, Anker L, et al. Identification of EGFRvIII-derived CTL epitopes restricted by HLA A0201 for dendritic cell based immunotherapy of gliomas. J Neuro Oncol 2006;76:23-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorimer IAJ, Wikstrand CJ, Batra SK, et al. Immunotoxins that target an oncogenic mutant epidermal growth factor receptor expressed in human tumors. Clin Cancer Res 1995;1:859-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer GE, Sampson JH, Lorimer IA, et al. Regional treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor vIII-expressing neoplastic meningitis with a single-chain immunotoxin, MR-1. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:2646-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuan CT, Wikstrand CJ, Archer G, et al. Increased binding affinity enhances targeting of glioma xenografts by EGFRvIII-specific scFv. Int J Cancer 2000;88:962-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochiai H, Archer GE, Herndon JE, et al. EGFRvIII-targeted immunotoxin induces antitumor immunity that is inhibited in the absence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008;57:115-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Available from: http://bimas.dcrt.nih.gov/molbio/hla_bind/
   Google Scholar
• Cancer Immunity Peptide Database Table 2. Shared tumor-specific antigens, New York: Academy of Cancer Immunology, 2008. Available from: http://www.cancerimmunity.org/peptidedatabase/tumorspecific.htm [Last accessed 24 June 2009]
   Google Scholar
• Machulla HKGSF, Schaaf A, Heidecke V, Rainov NG. Brain glioma and human leukocyte antigens (HLA) – is there an association. J Neurooncol 2001;52:253-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Archer GE, Mitchell DA, et al. An epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-targeted vaccine is safe and immunogenic in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. J Mol Cancer Ther (In Press)
   Google Scholar
• Heimberger AB, Hussain SF, Aldape K, et al. Tumor-specific peptide vaccination in newly-diagnosed patients with GBM [abstract 2529]. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:18S
   Google Scholar
• Sampson JH, Aldape KD, Gilbert MR, et al. Temozolomide as a vaccine adjuvant in GBM . J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18S): Abstract 2020
   Google Scholar
• Wahlstrom T, Linder E, Saksela E. Glia-specific antigens in cell cultures from rabbit brain, human foetal and adult brain, and gliomas. APMIS 1973;81:768-74
   Google Scholar
• Siris JH. Concerning the immunological specificity of glioblastoma multiforme. Bull Neurol N Y 1936;4:597-601
   Google Scholar
• Slagel DE, Wilson CB, Simmons PB. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis and immunodiffusion studies of brain tumor patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1969;159:490-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickremesinghe HR, Yates PO. Immunological properties of neoplastic neural tissues. Br J Cancer 1971;25:711-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikstrand CJ, Mahaley MS, Bigner DD. Surface antigenic characteristics of human glial brain tumor cells. Cancer Res 1977;37:4267-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waksman BH, Porter H, Lees MD, et al. A study of the chemical nature of components of bovine white matter effective in producing allergic encephalomyelitis in the rabbit. J Exp Med 1954;100:451-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuohy VK, Lu ZJ, Sobel RA, et al. A synthetic peptide from myelin proteolipid protein induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 1988;141:1126-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linington C, Berger T, Perry L, et al. T cells specific for the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein mediate an unusual autoimmune inflammatory response in the central nervous system. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:1364-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wekerle H, Kojima K, Lannes-Vieira J, et al. Animal models. Ann Neurol 1994;36(Suppl):S47-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasteur L. Methode pour prevenir la rage apres morsure. C R Acad Sci (Paris) 1885;101:765-74
   Google Scholar
• Remlinger P. Accidents paralytiques au cours du traitement antirabique. Ann Inst Pasteur 1905;19:625-46
   Google Scholar
• Remlinger P. Contribution a l'etude de la toxine rabique (faits experimentaux et clinique). Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de Biologie 1904;56:346-50
   Google Scholar
• Stuart G, Krikorian K. The neuro-paralytic accidents of anti-rabies treatment. Ann Trop Med 1928;22:327-77
   Google Scholar
• Stuart G, Krikorian K. A fatal neuro-paralytic accident of anti-rabies treatment. Lancet 1930;1:1123-5
   Google Scholar
• Rivers TM, Schwentker FF. Encephalomyelitis accompanied by myelin destruction experimentally produced in monkeys. J Exp Med 1935;61:689-702
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bigner DD, Pitts OM, Wikstrand CJ. Induction of lethal experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in nonhuman primates and guinea pigs with human glioblastoma multiforme tissue. J Neurosurg 1981;55:32-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albright L, Seab JA, Ommaya AK. Intracerebral delayed hypersensitivity reactions in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Cancer 1977;39:1331-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullard DE, Thomas DG, Darling JL, et al. A preliminary study utilizing viable HLA mismatched cultured glioma cells as adjuvant therapy for patients with malignant gliomas. Br J Cancer 1985;51:283-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahaley MS Jr, Bigner DD, Dudka LF, et al. Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors. Part 7: Active immunization of patients with anaplastic human glioma cells: a pilot study. J Neurosurg 1983;59:201-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ommaya AK. Immunotherapy of gliomas: a review. Adv Neurol 1976;15:337-59
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bloom HJ, Peckham MJ, Richardson AE, et al. Glioblastoma multiforme: a controlled trial to assess the value of specific active immunotherapy in patients treated by radical surgery and radiotherapy. Br J Cancer 1973;27:253-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trouillas P. Immunology and immunotherapy of cerebral tumors. Current status. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1973;128:23-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafferty KA Jr. Herpes viruses and cancer. Sci Am 1973;229:26-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadow JF, Regueiro-Ren A, Weinheimer SP. The role of viruses in human cancer development and antiviral approaches for intervention. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2002;3:1574-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cobbs CS, Harkins L, Samanta M, et al. Human cytomegalovirus infection and expression in human malignant glioma. Cancer Res 2002;62:3347-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheurer ME, Bondy ML, Aldape KD, et al. Detection of human cytomegalovirus in different histological types of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2008;116:79-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell DA, Xie W, Schmittling R, et al. Sensitive detection of human cytomegalovirus in tumors and peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2008;10:10-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soderberg-Naucler C. HCMV microinfections in inflammatory diseases and cancer. J Clin Virol 2008;41:218-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saika T, Satoh T, Kusaka N, et al. Route of administration influences the antitumor effects of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells engineered to produce interleukin-12 in a metastatic mouse prostate cancer model. Cancer Gene Ther 2004;11:317-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Batra RK, Yang SC, et al. Interleukin-7 gene-modified dendritic cells reduce pulmonary tumor burden in spontaneous murine bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma. Hum Gene Ther 2003;14:1511-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribas A, Butterfield LH, Glaspy JA, Economou JS. Cancer immunotherapy using gene-modified dendritic cells. Curr Gene Ther 2002;2:57-78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang W, Yang H, Wang Z, Jim X. TNF-α gene-modified dendritic cells act as more potent adjuvants for peptide delivery to induce specific antitumor immunity in mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2002;115:1767-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell DA, Xie W, Schmittling R, et al. Sensitive detection of human cytomegalovirus in tumors and peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Neuro-Oncol 2008;10:10-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheurer ME, Bondy ML, Aldape KD, et al. Detection of human cytomegalovirus in different histological types of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2008;116:79-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soderberg-Naucler C. HCMV microinfections in inflammatory diseases and cancer. J Clin Virol 2008;41:218-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limaye AP, Kirby KA, Rubenfeld GD, et al. Cytomegalovirus reactivation in critically ill immunocompetent patients. JAMA 2008;300:413-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland SD, Costello P, Dekaban GA, Rice GP. Cytomegalovirus in the brain: in vitro infection of human brain-derived cells. J Infect Dis 1990;162:1252-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho KL, Gottlieb C, Zarbo RJ. Cytomegalovirus infection of cerebral astrocytoma in an AIDS patient. Clin Neuropathol 1991;10:127-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins RM, Cloughesy TF, Liau LM. Cytomegalovirus immunity after vaccination with autologous glioblastoma lysate. N Engl J Med 2008;359:539-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foss FM. Clinical experience with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK). Semin Oncol 2006;33:11-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North RJ. Cyclophosphamide-facilitated adoptive immunotherapy of an established tumor depends on elimination of tumor-induced suppressor T cells. J Exp Med 1982;155:1063-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fecci PE, Sweeney AE, Grossi PM, et al. Systemic anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody administration safely enhances immunity in murine glioma without eliminating regulatory T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:4294-305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fecci PE, Ochiai H, Mitchell DA, et al. Systemic CTLA-4 blockade ameliorates glioma-induced changes to the CD4+ T cell compartment without affecting regulatory T-cell function. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:2158-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong L-K, Wei J, Sharma AK, et al. A novel phosphorylated STAT3 inhibitor enhances T cell cytotoxicity against melanoma through inhibition of regulatory T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009;58:1023-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan JT, Sun WH, Hussain SF, et al. Preferential migration of regulatory T cells mediated by glioma-secreted chemokines can be blocked with chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008;57:123-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Robbins PF, et al. Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes. Science 2002;298:850-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedl RM, Rees WA, Hildeman DA, et al. T cells compete for access to antigen-bearing antigen-presenting cells. J Exp Med 2000;192:1105-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattinoni L, Finklestein SE, Klebanoff CA, et al. Removal of homeostatic cytokine sinks by lymphodepletion enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med 2005;202:907-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony PA, Piccirillo CA, Akpinarli A, et al. CD8+ T cell immunity against a tumor/self-antigen is augmented by CD4+ T helper cells and hindered by naturally occurring T regulatory cells. J Immunol 2005;174:2591-601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su YB, Sohn S, Krown SE, et al. Selective CD4+ lymphopenia in melanoma patients treated with temozolomide: a toxicity with therapeutic implications. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:610-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oukka M. Interplay between pathogenic Th17 and regulatory T cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66(Supplement 3):87-90
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kortylewski M, Kujawski M, Wang T, et al. Inhibiting Stat3 signaling in the hematopoietic system elicits multicomponent antitumor immunity. Nat Med 2005;11:1314-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kortylewski M, Yu H. Stat3 as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother 2007;30:131-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu H, Kortylewski M, Pardoll D. Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: role of STAT3 in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol 2007;7:41-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeda K, Clausen B, Kaisho T, et al. Enhanced Th1 activity and development of chronic enterocolitis in mice devoid of Stat3 in macrophages and neutrophils. Immunity 1999;10:39-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Farrell AM, Liu YW, Moore KW, Mui AL. IL-10 inhibits macrophage activation and proliferation by distinct signaling mechanisms: evidence for Stat3-dependent and -independent pathways. EMBO J 1998(PMCID: PMC1170450);17:1006-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang R, Patel D, Morris J, et al. Shaping gene expression in activated and resting primary macrophages by IL-10. J Immunol 2002;169:2253-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin T, Bost K. STAT3 activation in macrophages following infection with Salmonella. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;321:828-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorn E. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in human hematopoietic cell transplantation. Semin Cancer Biol 2006;16:150-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong LY, Abou-Ghazal MK, Wei J, et al. A novel inhibitor of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 activation is efficacious against established central nervous system melanoma and inhibits regulatory T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:5759-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikstrand CJ, Hale LP, Batra SK, et al. Monoclonal antibodies against EGFRvIII are tumor specific and react with breast and lung carcinomas and malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 1995;55:3140-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar