Endothelial function, arterial stiffness and lipid lowering drugs

Bibliography

• CINES DB, POLLAK ES, BUCK CA et al.: Endothelial cells in physiology and in he pathophysiology of vascular disorders. Blood (1998) 91:3527-3561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MURAD F: Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in cell signaling and drug development. N. Engl. J. Med. (2006) 355:2003-2011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SZMITKO PE, WANG C, WEISEL RD, DE ALMEIDA JR, ANDERSON TJ, VERMA S: New markers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation. Circulation (2003) 108:1917-1923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARE JM, STAMLER JS: NO/redox disequilibrium in the failing heart and cardiovascular system. J. Clin. Invest. (2005) 115:509-517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSS R: Atherosclerosis – an inflammatory disease. N. Engl. J. Med. (1999) 340:115-126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHOWIENCZYK PJ, WATTS GF, COCKCROFT JR, RITTER JM: Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet (1992) 340:1430-1432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZEIHER AM, DREXLER H, SAURBIER B, JUST H: Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans: effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 92:652-662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CASINO PR, KILCOYNE CM, QUYYUMI AA, HOEG JM, PANZA JA: The role of nitric oxide in endothelium-dependent vasodilation of hypercholesterolemic patients. Circulation (1993) 88:2541-2547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CREAGER MA, COOKE JP, MENDELSOHN ME et al.: Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans. J. Clin. Invest. (1990) 86:228-234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VITA JA, TREASURE CB, NABEL EG et al.: Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation (1990) 81:491-497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CELERMAJER DS, SORENSEN KE, SPIEGELHALTER DJ, GEORGAKOPOULOS D, ROBINSON J, DEANFIELD JE: Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy men years before the age-related decline in women. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1994) 24:471-476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENJAMIN EJ, LARSON MG, KEYES MJ et al.: Clinical correlates and heritability of flow-mediated dilation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation (2004) 109:613-619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CELERMAJER DS, SORENSEN KE, GEORGAKOPOULOS D et al.: Cigarette smoking is associated with dose-related and potentially reversible impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in healthy young adults. Circulation (1993) 88:2149-2155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAVI S, PRASAD A, YANG EH et al.: Smoking is associated with epicardial coronary endothelial dysfunction and elevated white blood cell count in patients with chest pain and early coronary artery disease. Circulation (2007) 115:2621-2627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PANZA JA, QUYYUMI AA, BRUSH JE Jr, EPSTEIN SE: Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. (1990) 323:22-27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINDER L, KIOWSKI W, BUHLER FR, LUSCHER TF: Indirect evidence for release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human forearm circulation in vivo: blunted response in essential hypertension. Circulation (1990) 81:1762-1767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCVEIGH GE, BRENNAN GM, JOHNSTON GD et al.: Impaired endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation in patients with type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia (1992) 35:771-776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLIAMS SB, CUSCO JA, RODDY M-A, JOHNSTONE MT, CREAGER MA: Impaired nitric oxide mediated vasodilation in patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1996) 27:567-574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOUNIAN P, AGGOUN Y, DUBERN B et al.: Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children: a prospective study. Lancet (2001) 358:1400-1404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZICCARDI P, NAPPO F, GIUGLIANO G et al.: Reduction of inflammatory cytokine concentrations and improvement of endothelial functions in obese women after weight loss over one year. Circulation (2002) 105:804-809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VERMA S, BUCHANAN MR, ANDERSON TJ: Endothelial function testing as a biomarker of vascular disease. Circulation (2003) 108:2054-2059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CELERMAJER DS: Endothelial dysfunction: does it matter? Is it reversible? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1997) 30:325-333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VITA JA, KEANEY JF Jr: Endothelial function: a barometer for cardiovascular risk? Circulation (2002) 106:640-642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEANFIELD JE, HALCOX JP, RABELINK TJ: Endothelial function and dysfunction. Testing and clinical relevance. Circulation (2007) 115:1285-1295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McENIERY CM, WALLACE S, MACKENZIE IS et al.: Endothelial function is associated with pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index in healthy humans. Hypertension (2006) 48:602-608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CERAVOLO R, MAIO R, PUJIA A et al.: Pulse pressure and endothelial dysfunction in never-treated hypertensive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2003) 41:1753-1758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAROUQUE HMO, MEREDITH IT: The assessment of endothelial function in humans. Coron. Artery Dis. (2001) 12:445-454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUDMER PL, SELWYN AP, SHOOK TL et al.: Paradoxical vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N. Engl. J. Med. (1986) 315:1046-1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QUYYUMI AA, DAKAK N, ANDREWS NP et al.: Nitric oxide activity in the human coronary circulation. Impact of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. (1995) 95:I1747-I1755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GANZ P, VITA JA: Testing endothelial vasomotor function: nitric oxide, a multipotent molecule. Circulation (2003) 108:2049-2053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BONETTI PO, LERMAN LO, LERMAN A: Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2003) 23:168-175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COHN JN, QUYYUMI AA, HOLLENBERG NK, JAMERSON KA: Surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease. Functional markers. Circulation (2004) 109:IV31-IV46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AL SUWAIDI J, HAMASAKI S, HIGANO ST et al.: Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation (2000) 101:948-954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHÅCHINGER V, BRITTEN MB, ZEIHER AM: Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation (2000) 101:1899-1906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALCOX JPJ, SCHENKE WH, ZALOS G et al.: Prognostic value of coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction. Circulation (2002) 106:653-658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VON MERING GO, ARANT CB, WESSEL TR et al.: Abnormal coronary vasomotion as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular events in women. Results from the National heart, lung, and blood institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Circulation (2004) 109:722-725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TARGONSKI PV, BONETTI PO, PUMPER GM, HIGANO ST, HOLMES DR Jr, LERMAN A: Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events. Circulation (2003) 107:2805-2809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VALLANCE P, COLLIER J, MONCADA S: Effects of endothelium-derived nitric oxide on peripheral arteriolar tone in man. Lancet (1989) 2:97-1000.
   Google Scholar
• LIND L, SARABI M, MILLGARD J: Methodological aspects of the evaluation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the human forearm. Clin. Physiol. (1998) 18:81-87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PERTICONE F, CERAVOLO R, PUJIA A et al.: Prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients. Circulation (2001) 104:191-196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEITZER T, SCHLINZIG T, KROHN K, MEINERTZ T, MUNZEL T: Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation (2001) 104:2673-2678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FICHTLSCHERER S, BREUER S, ZEIHER AM: Prognostic value of systemic endothelial dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndromes: further evidence for the existence of the “vulnerable” patient. Circulation (2004) 110:1926-1932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEITZER T, BALDUS S, VON KODOLITSCH Y, RUDOLPH V, MEINERTZ T: Systemic endothelial dysfunction as an early predictor of adverse outcome in heart failure. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2005) 25:1174-1179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORRETTI MC, ANDERSON TJ, BENJAMIN EJ et al.: Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2002) 39:257-265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CELERMAJER DS, SORENSEN KE, GOOCH VM et al.: Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet (1992) 340:1111-1115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOANNIDES R, HAEFELI WE, LINDER L et al.: Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduit arteries in vivo. Circulation (1995) 91:1314-1319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKASE B, UEHATA A, AKIMA T et al.: Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation in coronary and brachial arteries in suspected coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. (1998) 82:1535-1539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANDERSON TJ, UEHATA A, GERHARD MD et al.: Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1995) 26:1235-1241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHROEDER S, ENDERLE MD, OSSEN R et al.: Noninvasive determination of endothelium-mediated vasodilation as a screening test for coronary artery disease: pilot study to assess the predictive value in comparison with angina pectoris, exercise electrocardiography, and myocardial perfusion imaging. Am. Heart J. (1999) 138:731-739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TERAGAWA H, KATO M, KUROKAWA J, YAMAGATA T, MATSUURA H, CHAYAMA K: Usefulness of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and/or the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in predicting coronary narrowing in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. (2001) 88:1147-1151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BREVETTI G, SILVESTRO A, SCHIANO V, CHIARIELLO M: Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk prediction in peripheral arterial disease: additive value of flow-mediated dilation to ankle-brachial pressure index. Circulation (2003) 108:2093-2098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAN SY, MANCINI GBJ, KURAMOTO L, SCHULZER M, FROHLICH J, IGNASZEWSKI A: The prognostic importance of endothelial dysfunction and carotid atheroma burden in patients with coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2003) 42:1037-1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOKCE N, KEANEY JF Jr, HUNTER LM: Predictive value of noninvasively determined endothelial dysfunction for long term cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2003) 41:1769-1775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PATTI G, PASCERI V, MELFI R et al.: Impaired flow-mediated dilation and risk of restenosis in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Circulation (2005) 111:70-75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOKCE N, KEANEY JF Jr, HUNTER LM, WATKINS MT, MENZOIAN JO, VITA JA: Risk stratification for postoperative cardiovascular events via noninvasive assessment of endothelial function: a prospective study. Circulation (2002) 105:1567-1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEYER B, MORTL D, STRECKER K et al.: Flow-mediated vasodilation predicts outcome in patients with chronic heart failure comparison with B-type natriuretic peptide. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2005) 46:1011-1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KATZ SD, HRYNIEWICZ K, HRILJAC I et al.: Vascular endothelial dysfunction and mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation (2005) 111:310-314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FISCHER D, ROSSA S, LANDMESSER U et al.: Endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure is independently associated with increased incidence of hospitalization, cardiac transplantation, or death. Eur. Heart J. (2005) 26:65-69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FATHI R, HALUSKA B, ISBEL N, SHORT L, MARWICK TH: The relative importance of vascular structure and function in predicting cardiovascular events. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2004) 43:616-623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRICK M, SUESSENBACHER A, ALBER HF et al.: Prognostic value of brachial artery endothelial function and wall thickness. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2005) 46:1006-1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEUNTEUFL T, HEHER S, KATZENSCHLAGER R et al.: Late prognostic value of flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery of patients with chest pain. Am. J. Cardiol. (2000) 86:207-210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YEBOAH J, CROUSE JR, HSU F-C, BURKE GL, HERRINGTON DM: Brachial flow-mediated dilation predicts incident cardiovascular events in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation (2007) 115:2390-2397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALOBAID N, ALNAEB ME, SALES KM, SEIFALIAN AM, MIKHAILIDIS DP, HAMILTON G: Endothelial progenitor cells and their potential clinical applications in peripheral arterial disease. Endothelium (2005) 12:243-250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JIA L, TAKAHASHI M, YOSHIOKA T, MORIMOTO H, ISE H, IKEDA U: Therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells for cardiovascular diseases. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2006) 4:59-65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BANK AJ, WANG H, HOLTE JE, MULLEN K, SHAMMAS R, KUBO SH: Contribution of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle to in vivo human brachial artery wall stress and elastic modulus. Circulation (1996) 94:3263-3270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AVOLIO A, JONES D, TAFAZZOLI-SHADPOUR M: Quantification of alterations in structure and function of elastin in the arterial media. Hypertension (1998) 32:170-175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BANK AJ, KAISER DR, RAJALA S, CHENG A: In vivo human brachial artery elastic mechanics: effects of smooth muscle relaxation. Circulation (1999) 100:41-47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KINLAY S, CREAGER MA, FUKUMOTO M et al.: Endothelium-derived nitric oxide regulates arterial elasticity in human arteries in vivo. Hypertension (2001) 38:1049-1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILKINSON IB, QASEM A, MCENIERY CM, WEBB DJ, AVOLIO AP, COCKCROFT JR: Nitric oxide regulates local arterial distensibility in vivo. Circulation (2002) 105:213-217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCVEIGH GE, ALLEN PB, MORGAN DR, HANRATTY CG, SILKE B: Nitric oxide modulation of blood vessel tone identified by arterial waveform analysis. Clin. Sci. (2001) 100:387-393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILKINSON IB, MACCALLUM H, COCKCROFT JR, WEBB DJ: Inhibition of basal nitric oxide synthesis increases aortic augmentation index and pulse wave velocity in vivo. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2002) 53:189-192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VERDECCHIA P, ANGELI F, TADDEI S: At the beginning of stiffening: endothelial dysfunction meets “pulsology”. Hypertension (2006) 48:541-542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICHIGI Y, TAKANO H, UMETANI K et al.: Increased ambulatory pulse pressure is a strong risk factor for coronary endothelial vasomotor dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2005) 45:1461-1466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILSON AM, O'NEAL D, NELSON CL, PRIOR DL, BEST JD, JENKINS AJ: Comparison of arterial assessments in low and high vascular disease risk groups. Am. J. Hypertens. (2004) 17:285-291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLIVER JJ, WEBB DJ: Noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness and risk of atherosclerotic events. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2003) 23:554-566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KULLO IJ, MALIK AR: Arterial ultrasonography and tonometry as adjuncts to cardiovascular risk stratification. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2007) 49:1413-1426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCVEIGH GE, BRATTELI CW, MORGAN DJ et al.: Age-related abnormalities in arterial compliance identified by pressure pulse contour analysis: aging and arterial compliance. Hypertension (1999) 33:1392-1398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELLY R, HAYWARD C, GANIS J, DALEY J, AVOLIO A, O'ROURKE M: Non-invasive registration of the arterial pressure waveforms using high fidelity applanation tonometry. J. Vasc. Med. Biol. (1989) 1:142-149.
   Google Scholar
• LAURENT S, BOUTOUYRIE P, LACOLLEY P: Structural and genetic bases of arterial stiffness. Hypertension (2005) 45:1050-1055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELLY RP, MILLASSEAU SC, RITTER JM, CHOWIENCZYK PJ: Vasoactive drugs influence aortic augmentation index independently of pulse-wave velocity in healthy men. Hypertension (2001) 37:1429-1433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEMOGOUM D, FLORES G, VAN DEN ABEELE AW et al.: Validity of pulse pressure and augmentation index as surrogate measures of arterial stiffness during beta-adrenergic stimulation. J. Hypertens. (2004) 22:511-517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LACY PS, O'BRIEN DG, STANLEY AG, DEWAR MM, SWALES PP, WILLIAMS B: Increased pulse wave velocity is not associated with elevated augmentation index in patients with diabetes. J. Hypertens. (2004) 22:1937-1944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIETZSCHEL ER, BOEYKENS E, DE BUYZERE ML, DUPREZ DA, CLEMENT DL: A comparison between systolic and diastolic pulse contour analysis in the evaluation of arterial stiffness. Hypertension (2001) 37:E15-E22.
   Google Scholar
• MCVEIGH G, BRENNAN G, HAYES R, COHN J, FINKELSTEIN S, JOHNSTON D: Vascular abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus identified by arterial waveform analysis. Am. J. Med. (1993) 95:424-430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCVEIGH GE, MORGAN DJ, FINKELSTEIN SM, LEMAY LA, COHN JN: Vascular abnormalities associated with long-term cigarette smoking identified by arterial waveform analysis. Am. J. Med. (1997) 102:227-231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MITCHELL GF, PARISE H, BENJAMIN EJ et al.: Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension (2004) 43:1239-1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MITCHELL GF, GUO CY, BENJAMIN EJ et al.: Cross-sectional correlates of increased aortic stiffness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation (2007) 115:2628-2636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENETOS A, ADAMOPOULOS C, BUREAU JM et al.: Determinants of accelerated progression of arterial stiffness in normotensives subjects and in treated hypertensive subjects over a 6-year period. Circulation (2002) 105:1202-1207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILKINSON IB, PRASAD K, HALL IR et al.: Increased central pulse pressure and augmentation index in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2002) 39:1005-1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TANAKA H, DESOUZA CA, SEALS DR: Absence of age-related increase in central arterial stiffness in physically active women. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1998) 18:127-132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEFANADIS C, TSIAMIS E, VLACHOPOULOS C et al.: Unfavorable effect of smoking on the elastic properties of the aorta. Circulation (1997) 95:31-38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EMOTO M, NISHIZAWA Y, KAWAGISHI T et al.: Stiffness indexes β of the common carotid and femoral arteries are associated with insulin resistance in NIDDM. Diabetes Care (1998) 21:1178-1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRUICKSHANK K, RISTE L, ANDERSON SG, WRIGHT JS, DUNN G, GOSLING RG: Aortic pulse-wave velocity and its relationship to mortality in diabetes and glucose intolerance: an integrated index of vascular function? Circulation (2002) 106:2085-2090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALOMAA V, RILEY W, KARK JD, NARDO C, FOLSOM AR: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are associated with arterial stiffness indexes: the ARIC Study: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation (1995) 91:1432-1443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUTTON-TYRRELL K, NEWMAN A, SIMONSICK EM et al.: Aortic stiffness is associated with visceral adiposity in older adults enrolled in the study of health, aging, and body composition. Hypertension (2001) 38:429-433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN POPELE NM, GROBBEE DE, BOTS ML et al.: Association between arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis: the Rotterdam Study. Stroke (2001) 32:454-460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLACHER J, ASMAR R, DJANE S, LONDON GM, SAFAR ME: Aortic pulse wave velocity as a marker of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Hypertension (1999) 33:1111-1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUTOUYRIE P, TROPEANO AI, ASMAR R et al.: Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension (2002) 39:10-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAURENT S, KATSAHIAN S, FASSOT C et al.: Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of fatal stroke in essential hypertension. Stroke (2003) 34:1203-1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAURENT S, BOUTOUYRIE P, ASMAR R et al.: Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension (2001) 37:1236-1241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLACHER J, GUERIN AP, PANNIER B et al.: Impact of aortic stiffness on survival in end-stage renal disease. Circulation (1999) 99:2434-2439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHOJI T, EMOTO M, SHINOHARA K et al.: Diabetes mellitus, aortic stiffness and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2001) 12:2117-2124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAFAR ME, BLACHER J, PANNIER B et al.: Central pulse pressure and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension (2002) 39:735-738.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LONDON GM, BLACHER J, PANNIER B, GUERIN AP, MARCHAIS SJ, SAFAR ME: Arterial wave reflections and survival in end-stage renal failure. Hypertension (2001) 38:434-438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLUM-HANSEN T, STAESSEN JA, TORP-PEDERSEN C et al.: Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in the general population. Circulation (2006) 113:664-670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUTTON-TYRRELL K, NAJJAR SS, BOUDREAU RM et al.; FOR THE HEALTH ABC STUDY: Elevated aortic pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial stiffness, predicts cardiovascular events in well-functioning older adults. Circulation (2005) 111:3384-3390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHOKAWA T, IMAZU M, YAMAMOTO H et al.: Pulse wave velocity predicts cardiovascular mortality: findings from the Hawaii-Los Angeles-Hiroshima study. Circ. J. (2005) 69:259-264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATTACE-RASO FU, VAN DER CAMMEN TJ, HOFMAN A et al.: Arterial stiffness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Rotterdam study. Circulation (2006) 113:657-663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PANNIER B, GUERIN AP, MARCHAIS SJ, SAFAR ME, LONDON GM: Stiffness of capacitive and conduit arteries: prognostic significance for end-stage renal disease patients. Hypertension (2005) 45:592-596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAYASHI T, NAKAYAMA Y, TSUMURA K, YOSHIMARU K, UEDA H: Reflection in the arterial system and the risk of coronary heart disease. Am. J. Hypertens. (2002) 15:405-409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEBER T, AUER J, O'ROURKE MF et al.: Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and the risk of coronary artery disease. Circulation (2004) 109:184-189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAVIKUMAR R, DEEPA R, SHANTHIRANI CS, MOHAN V: Comparison of carotid intima-media thickness, arterial stiffness, and brachial artery flow mediated dilatation in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects (The Chennai Urban Population Study [CUPS-9]). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2002) 90:702-707.
   Google Scholar
• WEBER T, AUER J, O'ROURKE MF et al.: Increased arterial wave reflections predict severe cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Eur. Heart J. (2005) 26:2657-2663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DART AM, GATZKA CD, KINGWELL BA et al.: Brachial blood pressure but not carotid arterial waveforms predict cardiovascular events in elderly female hypertensives. Hypertension (2006) 47:785-790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREY E, BRATTELI C, GLASSER SP et al.: Reduced small artery but not large artery elasticity is an independent risk marker for cardiovascular events. Am. J. Hypertens. (2003) 16:265-269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAFAR ME, SMULYAN H: Coronary ischemic disease, arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure. Am. J. Hypertens. (2004) 17:724-726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WATANABE H, OHTSUKA S, KAKIHANA M, SUGISHITA Y: Coronary circulation in dogs with an experimental decrease in aortic compliance. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1993) 21:1497-1506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OHTSUKA S, KAKIHANA M, WATANABE H, SUGISHITA Y: Chronically decreased aortic distensibility causes deterioration of coronary perfusion during increased left ventricular contraction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1994) 24:1406-1414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KINGWELL BA, WADDELL TK, MEDLEY TL, CAMERON JD, DART AM: Large artery stiffness predicts ischemic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2002) 40:773-779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLAIR A, SHAUL PW, YUHANNA IS, CONRAD PA, SMART EJ: Oxidized low density lipoprotein displaces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) from plasmalemmal caveolae and impairs eNOS activation. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) 274:32512-32519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIAO JK, SHIN WS, LEE WY, CLARK SL: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein decreases the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:319-324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRITCHARD KA Jr, GROSZEK L, SMALLEY DM et al.: Native low-density lipoprotein increases endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase generation of superoxide anion. Circ. Res. (1995) 77:510-518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHIN JH, AZHAR S, HOFFMAN BB: Inactivation of endothelial derived relaxing factor by oxidized lipoproteins. J. Clin. Invest. (1992) 89:10-18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OHARA Y, PETERSON TE, HARRISON DG: Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 91:2546-2551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEWIS TV, DART AM, CHIN-DUSTING JPF: Endothelium-dependent relaxation by acetylcholine is impaired in hypertriglyceridemic humans with normal levels of plasma LDL cholesterol. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1999) 33:805-812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHOWIENCZYK PJ, WATTS GF, WIERZBICKI AS, COCKCROFT JR, BRETT SE, RITTER JM: Preserved endothelial function in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and low functional lipoprotein lipase activity. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1997) 29:964-968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VOGEL RA, CORRETTI MC, PLOTNICK GD: Effect of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Am. J. Cardiol. (1997) 79:350-354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOLOVOU GD, ANAGNOSTOPOULOU KK, DASKALOPOULOU SS, MIKHAILIDIS DP, COKKINOS DV: Clinical relevance of postprandial lipaemia. Curr. Med. Chem. (2005) 12:1931-1945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEZGIN AT, BARUTCU I, SEZGIN N et al.: Contribution of plasma lipid disturbances to vascular endothelial function in patients with slow coronary flow. Angiology (2006) 57:694-701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPIEKER LE, SUDANO I, HÜRLIMANN D et al.: High-density lipoprotein restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic men. Circulation (2002) 105:1399-1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MINEO C, DEGUCHI H, GRIFFIN JH, SHAUL PW: Endothelial and antithrombotic actions of HDL. Circ. Res. (2006) 98:1352-1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOIKKA JO, NIEMI P, AHOTUPA M et al.: Large-artery elastic properties in young men. Relationships to serum lipoproteins and oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1999) 19:436-441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DART AM, GATZKA CD, CAMERON JD et al.: Large artery stiffness is not related to plasma cholesterol in older subjects with hypertension. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2004) 24:962-968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EGASHIRA K, HIROOKA Y, KAI H et al.: Reduction in serum cholesterol with pravastatin improves endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Circulation (1994) 89:2519-2524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'DRISCOLL G, GREEN D, TAYLOR RR: Simvastatin, an HMG-coenzyme reductase inhibitor, improves endothelial function within 1 month. Circulation (1997) 95:1126-1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOH KK, CARDILLO C, BUI MN et al.: Vascular effects of estrogen and cholesterol-lowering therapies in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Circulation (1999) 99:354-360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LU TM, DING YA, LEU HB, YIN WH, SHEU WH, CHU KM: Effect of rosuvastatin on plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Cardiol. (2004) 94:157-161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALONSO R, MATA P, DE ANDRES R, VILLACASTIN BP, MARTINEZ-GONZALEZ J, BADIMON L: Sustained long-term improvement of arterial endothelial function in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients treated with simvastatin. Atherosclerosis (2001) 157:423-429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TREASURE CB, KLEIN JL, WEINTRAUB WS et al.: Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. (1995) 332:481-487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUPUIS J, TARDIF JC, CERNACEK P, THEROUX P: Cholesterol reduction rapidly improves endothelial function after acute coronary syndromes. The RECIFE (Reduction of Cholesterol in Ischemia and Function of the Endothelium) trial. Circulation (1999) 99:3227-3233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUPUIS J, TARDIF JC, ROULEAU JL et al.: Intensity of lipid lowering with statins and brachial artery vascular endothelium reactivity after acute coronary syndromes (from the BRAVER trial). Am. J. Cardiol. (2005) 96:1207-1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOUSOULIS D, ANTONIADES C, VASSILIADOU C et al.: Effects of combined administration of low dose atorvastatin and vitamin E on inflammatory markers and endothelial function in patients with heart failure. Eur. J. Heart Fail. (2005) 7:1126-1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEKIN A, TEKIN G, GÜZELSOY D et al.: Effects of atorvastatin (10 mg) on hemostatic and inflammatory parameters in hyperlipidemic patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol. (2004) 94:206-209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VOGEL RA, CORRETTI MC, PLOTNICK GD: Changes in flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity with lowering of desirable cholesterol levels in healthy middle-aged men. Am. J. Cardiol. (1996) 77:37-40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAMAI O, MATSUOKA H, ITABE H, WADA Y, KOHNO K, IMAIZUMI T: Single LDL apheresis improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in hypercholesterolemic humans. Circulation (1997) 95:76-82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STREY CH, YOUNG JM, LAINCHBURY JH et al.: Short-term statin treatment improves endothelial function and neurohormonal imbalance in normocholesterolaemic patients with non-ischaemic heart failure. Heart (2006) 92:1603-1609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MERCURO G, ZONCU S, SAIU F, SARAIS C, ROSANO GM: Effect of atorvastatin on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women with average serum cholesterol levels. Am. J. Cardiol. (2002) 90:747-750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BECKMAN JA, LIAO JK, HURLEY S et al.: Atorvastatin restores endothelial function in normocholesterolemic smokers independent of changes in low-density lipoprotein. Circ. Res. (2004) 95:217-223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NODE K, FUJITA M, KITAKAZE M et al.: Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation (2003) 108:839-843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKEMOTO M, LIAO JK: Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2001) 21:1712-1719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JÅRVISALO MJ, TOIKKA JO, VASANKARI T et al.: HMG CoA reductase inhibitors are related to improved systemic endothelial function in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis (1999) 147:237-242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUGANO R, MATSUOKA H, HARAMAKI N et al.: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes may impair endothelial function: results of crossover randomized study of lipid-lowering therapies. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2005) 25:1262-1267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LANDMESSER U, BAHLMANN F, MUELLER M et al.: Simvastatin versus ezetimibe: pleiotropic and lipid-lowering effects on endothelial function in humans. Circulation (2005) 111:2356-2363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TONOLO G, MELIS MG, FORMATO M et al.: Additive effects of Simvastatin beyond its effects on LDL cholesterol in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. (2000) 30:980-987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DECKERT T, FELDT-RASMUSSEN B, BORCH-JOHNSEN K et al.: Albuminuria reflects widespread vascular damage: the Steno hypothesis. Diabetologia (1989) 32:219-226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSIARA S, ELISAF M, MIKHAILIDIS DP: Early vascular benefits of statin therapy. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2003) 19:540-556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WASSMANN S, FAUL A, HENNEN B, SCHELLER B, BOHM M, NICKENIG G: Rapid effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition on coronary endothelial function. Circ. Res. (2003) 93:E98-E103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAUFS U, WASSMANN S, HILGERS S et al.: Rapid effects on vascular function after initiation and withdrawal of atorvastatin in healthy, normocholesterolemic men. Am. J. Cardiol. (2001) 88:1306-1307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CERIELLO A, TABOGA C, TONUTTI L et al.: Evidence for an independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress generation: effects of short- and long-term simvastatin treatment. Circulation (2002) 106:1211-1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAUFS U, LA FATA V, PLUTZKY J et al.: Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation (1998) 97:1129-1135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERON O, DESSY C, DESAGER JP et al.: Hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibition promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation through a decrease in caveolin abundance. Circulation (2001) 103:113-118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAESEMEYER WH, CALDWELL RB, HUANG J, CALDWELL RW: Pravastatin sodium activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase independent of its cholesterol-lowering actions. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1999) 33:234-241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERNANDEZ-PERERA O, PEREZ-SALA D, NAVARRO-ANTOLIN J et al.: Effects of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, atorvastatin and simvastatin, on the expression of endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. (1998) 101:2711-2719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORIKAWA S, TAKABE W, MATAKI C et al.: The effect of statins on mRNA levels of genes related to inflammation, coagulation, and vascular constriction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. (2002) 9:178-183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KALOGEROPOULOU K, MORTZOS G, MIGDALIS I et al.: Carotid atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: potential role of endothelin-1, lipoperoxides, and prostacyclin. Angiology (2002) 53:279-285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAGROOP IA, DASKALOPOULOU SS, MIKHAILIDIS DP: Endothelin-1 and human platelets. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2005) 3:393-399.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• POLLOCK DM, POLLOCK JS: Endothelin and oxidative stress in the vascular system. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2005) 3:365-367.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ABRAHAM D, PONTICOS M, NAGASE H: Connective tissue remodeling: cross-talk between endothelins and matrix metalloproteinases. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2005) 3:369-379.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SUGDEN PH, CLERK A: Endothelin signalling in the cardiac myocyte and its pathophysiological relevance. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2005) 3:343-351.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WAINWRIGHT CL, MCCABE C, KANE KA: Endothelin and the ischaemic heart. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2005) 3:333-341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TSUI JC, DASHWOOD MR: A role for endothelin-1 in peripheral vascular disease. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2005) 3:325-332.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ECONOMIDES PA, CASELLI A, TIANI E, KHAODHIAR L, HORTON ES, VEVES A: The effects of atorvastatin on endothelial function in diabetic patients and subjects at risk for Type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2004) 89:740-747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOTTSATER A, ANWAAR I, LIND P et al.: Increasing plasma fibrinogen, but unchanged levels of intraplatelet cyclic nucleotides, plasma endothelin-1, factor VII, and neopterin during cholesterol lowering with fluvastatin. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis (1999) 10:133-140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHRIST M, BAUERSACHS J, LIEBETRAU C, HECK M, GUNTHER A, WEHLING M: Glucose increases endothelial-dependent superoxide formation in coronary arteries by NAD(P)H oxidase activation: attenuation by the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor atorvastatin. Diabetes (2002) 51:2648-2652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAGNER AH, KOHLER T, RUCKSCHLOSS U, JUST I, HECKER M: Improvement of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors through attenuation of endothelial superoxide anion formation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2000) 20:61-69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEIN JH, CARLSSON CM, PAPCKE-BENSON K et al.: The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2001) 38:1806-1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TER AVEST E, ABBINK EJ, HOLEWIJN S, DE GRAAF J, TACK CJ, STALENHOEF AF: Effects of rosuvastatin on endothelial function in patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCH). Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2005) 21:1469-1476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VITA JA, YEUNG AC, WINNIFORD M et al.: Effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on coronary endothelial vasomotor function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation (2000) 102:846-851.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VAN DE REE MA, HUISMAN MV, DE MAN FH et al.: Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the lack of effect of simvastatin. Cardiovasc. Res. (2001) 52:299-305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHEU WH, JUANG BL, CHEN YT, LEE WJ: Endothelial dysfunction is not reversed by simvastatin treatment in Type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. Diabetes Care (1999) 22:1224-1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN ETTEN RW, DE KONING EJ, HONING ML, STROES ES, GAILLARD CA, RABELINK TJ: Intensive lipid lowering by statin therapy does not improve vasoreactivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2002) 22:799-804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN VENROOIJ FV, VAN DE REE MA, BOTS ML, STOLK RP, HUISMAN MV, BANGA JD: Aggressive lipid lowering does not improve endothelial function in Type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Atorvastatin Lipid Intervention (DALI) Study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care (2002) 25:1211-1216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHEU WH, CHEN YT, LEE WJ: Improvement in endothelial dysfunction with LDL cholesterol level < 80 mg/dl in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care (2001) 24:1499-1501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAN KC, CHOW WS, TAM SC, AI VH, LAM CH, LAM KS: Atorvastatin lowers C-reactive protein and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2002) 87:563-568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MURAMATSU J, KOBAYASHI A, HASEGAWA N, YOKOUCHI S: Hemodynamic changes associated with reduction in total cholesterol by treatment with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pravastatin. Atherosclerosis (1997) 130:179-182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YOKOYAMA H, KAWASAKI M, ITO Y, MINATOGUCHI S, FUJIWARA H: Effects of fluvastatin on the carotid arterial media as assessed by integrated backscatter ultrasound compared with pulse-wave velocity. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2005) 46:2031-2037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KONTOPOULOS AG, ATHYROS VG, PEHLIVANIDIS AN, DEMITRIADIS DS, PAPAGEORGIOU AA, BOUDOULAS H: Long-term treatment effect of atorvastatin on aortic stiffness in hypercholesterolaemic patients. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2003) 19:22-27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DOORNUM S, MCCOLL G, WICKS IP: Atorvastatin reduces arterial stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2004) 63:1571-1575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICHIHARA AF, HAYASHI M, RYUZAKI M, HANDA M, FURUKAWA T, SARUTA T: Fluvastatin prevents development of arterial stiffness in haemodialysis patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (2002) 17:1513-1517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRIER KE, MUHLMANN MH, BAGUET JP et al.: Intensive cholesterol reduction lowers blood pressure and large artery stiffness in isolated systolic hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2002) 39:1020-1025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAUFS U, MARRA D, NODE K, LIAO JK: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors attenuate vascular smooth muscle proliferation by preventing rho GTPase-induced down-regulation of p27(Kip1). J. Biol. Chem. (1999) 274:21926-21931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANG Z, KOZAI T, VAN DER LOO B et al.: HMG-CoA reductase inhibition improves endothelial cell function and inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in human saphenous veins. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2000) 36:1691-1697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEGRE-AMINOU P, VAN VLIET AK, VAN ERCK M, VAN THIEL GC, VAN LEEUWEN RE, COHEN LH: Inhibition of proliferation of human smooth muscle cells by various HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; comparison with other human cell types. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1997) 1345:259-268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IKEDA U, SHIMPO M, OHKI R et al.: Fluvastatin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Hypertension (2000) 36:325-329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUKUMOTO Y, LIBBY P, RABKIN E et al.: Statins alter smooth muscle cell accumulation and collagen content in established atheroma of watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Circulation (2001) 103:993-999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRISBY M, NORDIN-FREDRIKSSON G, SHAH PK, YANO J, ZHU J, NILSSON J: Pravastatin treatment increases collagen content and decreases lipid content, inflammation, metalloproteinases, and cell death in human carotid plaques: implications for plaque stabilization. Circulation (2001) 103:926-933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SMILDE TJ, VAN DEN BERKMORTEL FW, WOLLERSHEIM H, VAN LANGEN H, KASTELEIN JJ, STALENHOEF AF: The effect of cholesterol lowering on carotid and femoral artery wall stiffness and thickness in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. (2000) 30:473-480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HATSUDA S, SHOJI T, SHINOHARA K et al.: Regional arterial stiffness associated with ischemic heart disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. (2006) 13:114-121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIGE H, DART A, NESTEL P: Simvastatin improves arterial compliance in the lower limb but not in the aorta. Atherosclerosis (2001) 155:245-250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOSOGLOU T, STATKEVICH P, JOHNSON-LEVONAS AO, PAOLINI JF, BERGMAN AJ, ALTON KB: Ezetimibe: a review of its metabolism, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2005) 44:467-494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUDHOP T, LUTJOHANN D, KODAL A et al.: Inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption by ezetimibe in humans. Circulation (2002) 106:1943-1948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DASKALOPOULOU SS, MIKHAILIDIS DP: Reaching goal in hypercholesterolaemia: dual inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and absorption with simvastatin plus ezetimibe. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2006) 22:511-528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GAZI IF, MIKHAILIDIS DP: Non-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-association actions of ezetimibe: an overview. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets (2006) 10:851-866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BULUT D, HANEFELD C, BULUT-STREICH N, GRAF C, MUGGE A, SPIECKER M: Endothelial function in the forearm circulation of patients with the metabolic syndrome – effect of different lipid-lowering regimens. Cardiology (2005) 104:176-180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FICHTLSCHERER S, SCHMIDT-LUCKE C, BOJUNGA S et al.: Differential effects of short-term lipid lowering with ezetimibe and statins on endothelial function in patients with CAD: clinical evidence for ‘pleiotropic’ functions of statin therapy. Eur. Heart J. (2006) 27:1182-1190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFRATI S, AVERBUKH M, DISHY V, FAYGENZO M, FRIEDENSOHN L, GOLIK A: The effect of simvastatin, ezetimibe and their combination on the lipid profile, arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2007) 63:113-121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSIMIHODIMOS V, MILTIADOUS G, DASKALOPOULOU SS, MIKHAILIDIS DP, ELISAF MS: Fenofibrate: metabolic and pleiotropic effects. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. (2005) 3:87-98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TZIOMALOS K, ATHYROS V: Fenofibrate: a novel formulation (TRIGLIDE) in the treatment of lipid disorders: a review. Int. J. Nanomed. (2006) 1:129-147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROWN JD, PLUTZKY J: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as transcriptional nodal points and therapeutic targets. Circulation (2007) 115:518-533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOVACS I, TOLDY E, ABEL T, TARJAN J, CSASZAR A: The effect of ciprofibrate on flow-mediated dilation and inflammatory markers in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. Endothelium (2005) 12:179-183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEBESTJEN M, ZEGURA B, KEBER I: Both cerivastatin and fenofibrate improve arterial vasoreactivity in patients with combined hyperlipidaemia. J. Intern. Med. (2002) 251:77-85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOYA K, SUMITANI S, XU X et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists increase nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2004) 24:658-663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIEP QN, AMIRI F, TOUYZ RM et al.: PPARα activator effects on Ang II-induced vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Hypertension (2002) 40:866-871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EVANS M, ANDERSON RA, GRAHAM J et al.: Ciprofibrate therapy improves endothelial function and reduces postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation (2000) 101:1773-1779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSIMIHODIMOS V, KOSTOULA A, KAKAFIKA A et al.: Effect of fenofibrate on serum inflammatory markers in patients with high triglyceride values. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. (2004) 9:27-33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIZOS E, KOSTOULA A, ELISAF M, MIKHAILIDIS DP: Effect of ciprofibrate on C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels. Angiology (2002) 53:273-277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOH KK, YEAL AHN J, HAN SH et al.: Effects of fenofibrate on lipoproteins, vasomotor function, and serological markers of inflammation, plaque stabilization, and hemostasis. Atherosclerosis (2004) 174:379-383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARCHESI S, LUPATTELLI G, LOMBARDINI R et al.: Effects of fenofibrate on endothelial function and cell adhesion molecules during postprandial lipemia in hypertriglyceridemia. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. (2003) 28:419-424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOH KK, HAN SH, QUON MJ, YEAL AHN J, SHIN EK: Beneficial effects of fenofibrate to improve endothelial dysfunction and raise adiponectin levels in patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia. Diabetes Care (2005) 28:1419-1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAKAMURA T, TAKANO H, UMETANI K et al.: Remnant lipoproteinemia is a risk factor for endothelial vasomotor dysfunction and coronary artery disease in metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis (2005) 181:321-327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AVOGARO A, MIOLA M, FAVARO A et al.: Gemfibrozil improves insulin sensitivity and flow-mediated vasodilatation in Type 2 diabetic patients. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. (2001) 31:603-609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MECO JF, VILA R, PUJOL R et al.: Improvement in endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia and coronary artery disease treated with bezafibrate. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (2001) 38:250-258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEILER C, SUTER TM, HESS OM: Exercise-induced vasomotion of angiographically normal and stenotic coronary arteries improves after cholesterol-lowering drug therapy with bezafibrate. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1995) 26:1615-1622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG TD, CHEN WJ, LIN JW, CHENG CC, CHEN MF, LEE YT: Efficacy of fenofibrate and simvastatin on endothelial function and inflammatory markers in patients with combined hyperlipidemia: relations with baseline lipid profiles. Atherosclerosis (2003) 170:315-323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOH KK, QUON MJ, HAN SH et al.: Additive beneficial effects of fenofibrate combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of combined hyperlipidemia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2005) 45:1649-1653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIERZBICKI AS, MIKHAILIDIS DP, WRAY R et al.: Statin-fibrate combination: therapy for hyperlipidemia: a review. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2003) 19:155-168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PLAYFORD DA, WATTS GF, CROFT KD, BURKE V: Combined effect of coenzyme Q10 and fenofibrate on forearm microcirculatory function in Type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis (2003) 168:169-179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANDREWS TC, WHITNEY EJ, GREEN G, KALENIAN R, PERSONIUS BE: Effect of gemfibrozil ± niacin ± cholestyramine on endothelial function in patients with serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels < 160 mg/dl and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels < 40 mg/dl. Am. J. Cardiol. (1997) 80:831-835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILMINK HW, TWICKLER MB, BANGA JD et al.: Effect of statin versus fibrate on postprandial endothelial dysfunction: role of remnant-like particles. Cardiovasc. Res. (2001) 50:577-582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAE JH, BASSENGE E, LEE HJ et al.: Impact of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia on vascular responses in patients with coronary artery disease: effects of ACE inhibitors and fibrates. Atherosclerosis (2001) 158:165-171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIZOS E, MIKHAILIDIS DP: Are high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels important in secondary prevention: impressions from the BIP and VA-HIT trials. Int. J. Cardiol. (2002) 82:199-207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RYAN KE, MCCANCE DR, POWELL L, MCMAHON R, TRIMBLE ER: Fenofibrate and pioglitazone improve endothelial function and reduce arterial stiffness in obese glucose tolerant men. Atherosclerosis (2006) [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KUVIN JT, RAMET ME, PATEL AR, PANDIAN NG, MENDELSOHN ME, KARAS RH: A novel mechanism for the beneficial vascular effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: enhanced vasorelaxation and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Am. Heart J. (2002) 144:165-172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENJO AM, MARANHAO RC, COIMBRA SR et al.: Accumulation of chylomicron remnants and impaired vascular reactivity occur in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: effects of niacin treatment. Atherosclerosis (2006) 187:116-122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BISOENDIAL RJ, HOVINGH GK, LEVELS JH et al.: Restoration of endothelial function by increasing high-density lipoprotein in subjects with isolated low high-density lipoprotein. Circulation (2003) 107:2944-2948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARTHASARATHY S, BARNETT J, FONG L: High density lipoprotein inhibits the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. Biochem. Biophys. Acta (1990) 1044:275-283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YUHANNA IS, ZHU Y, COX BE et al.: High-density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor-BI activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nat. Med. (2001) 7:853-857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WESTPHAL S, BORUCKI K, TANEVA E, MAKAROVA R, LULEY C: Extended-release niacin raises adiponectin and leptin. Atherosclerosis (2006) [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• LEUNG W-H, LAU C-P, WONG C-K: Beneficial effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypercholesterolaemic patients. Lancet (1993) 341:1496-1500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARTHASARATHY S, YOUNG SG, WITZTUM JL, PITTMAN RC, STEINBERG D: Probucol inhibits oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. J. Clin. Invest. (1986) 77:641-644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANDERSON TJ, MEREDITH IT, YEUNG AC, FREI B, SELWYN AP, GANZ P: The effect of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy on endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion. N. Engl. J. Med. (1995) 332:488-493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GAEDE P, VEDEL P, LARSEN N, JENSEN GV, PARVING HH, PEDERSEN O: Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. (2003) 348:383-393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIZZONI D, MUIESAN ML, PORTERI E et al.: Effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with lisinopril on resistance arteries in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Hypertens. (1997) 15:197-204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUTLER R, MORRIS AD, STRUTHERS AD: Lisinopril improves endothelial function in chronic cigarette smokers. Clin. Sci. (2001) 101:53-58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MANCINI GB, HENRY GC, MACAYA C et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease: the TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) Study. Circulation (1996) 94:258-265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOANNIDES R, BIZET-NAFEH C, COSTENTIN A et al.: Chronic ACE inhibition enhances the endothelial control of arterial mechanics and flow-dependent vasodilatation in heart failure. Hypertension (2001) 38:1446-1450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHIFFRIN EL, PARK JB, INTENGAN HD, TOUYZ R: Correction of arterial structure and endothelial dysfunction in human essential hypertension by the angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan. Circulation (2000) 101:1653-1659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VON ZUR MÜHLEN B, KAHAN T, HAGG A, MILLGARD J, LIND L: Treatment with irbesartan or atenolol improves endothelial function in essential hypertension. J. Hypertens. (2001) 19:1813-1818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRASAD A, TUPAS-HABIB T, SCHENKE WH et al.: Acute and chronic angiotensin-1 receptor antagonism reverses endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation (2000) 101:2349-2354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHANG H, SCHMEISSER A, GARLICHS CD et al.: Angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion generation in human vascular endothelial cells: role of membrane-bound NADH-/NADPH-oxidases. Cardiovasc. Res. (1999) 44:215-222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUECKSCHLOSS U, QUINN MT, HOLTZ J, MORAWIETZ H: Dose-dependent regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase expression by angiotensin II in human endothelial cells: protective effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade in patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2002) 22:1845-1851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOMBOULI JV, VANHOUTTE PM: Kinins and endothelium-dependent relaxations to converting enzyme inhibitors in perfused canine arteries. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1991) 18:926-927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOH KK, QUON MJ, HAN SH et al.: Vascular and metabolic effects of combined therapy with ramipril and simvastatin in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Hypertension (2005) 45:1088-1093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOH KK, QUON MJ, HAN SH et al.: Additive beneficial effects of losartan combined with simvastatin in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients. Circulation (2004) 110:3687-3692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOH KK, QUON MJ, HAN SH et al.: Additive beneficial effects of fenofibrate combined with candesartan in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemic hypertensive patients. Diabetes Care (2006) 29:195-201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CERIELLO A, ASSALONI R, DA ROS R et al.: Effect of atorvastatin and irbesartan, alone and in combination, on postprandial endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in Type 2 diabetic patients. Circulation (2005) 111:2518-2524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLIAMS B, LACY PS, THOM SM et al.; CAFE INVESTIGATORS: ANGLO-SCANDINAVIAN CARDIAC OUTCOMES TRIAL INVESTIGATORS; CAFE STEERING COMMITTEE AND WRITING COMMITTEE: Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation (2006) 113:1213-1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIMAMOTO H, SHIMAMOTO Y: Lisinopril improves aortic compliance and renal flow: comparison with nifedipine. Hypertension (1995) 25:327-334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN CH, TING CT, LIN SJ et al.: Different effects of fosinopril and atenolol on wave reflections in hypertensive patients. Hypertension (1995) 25:1034-1041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PANNIER BM, GUERIN AP, MARCHAIS SJ, LONDON GM: Different aortic reflection wave responses following long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and β-blocker in essential hypertension. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. (2001) 28:1074-1077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASMAR RG, LONDON GM, O'ROURKE ME, SAFAR ME: Improvement in blood pressure, arterial stiffness and wave reflections with a very-low-dose perindopril/indapamide combination in hypertensive patient: a comparison with atenolol. Hypertension (2001) 38:922-926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOOL MJ, LUSTERMANS FA, BREED JG et al.: The influence of perindopril and the diuretic combination amiloride+hydrochlorothiazide on the vessel wall properties of large arteries in hypertensive patients. J. Hypertens. (1995) 13:839-848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GIRERD X, GIANNATTASIO C, MOULIN C, SAFAR M, MANCIA G, LAURENT S: Regression of radial artery wall hypertrophy and improvement of carotid artery compliance after long-term antihypertensive treatment in elderly patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1998) 31:1064-1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MUNAKATA M, NAGASAKI A, NUNOKAWA T et al.: Effects of valsartan and nifedipine coat-core on systemic arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients. Am. J. Hypertens. (2004) 17:1050-1055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POLLMAN MJ, YAMADA T, HORIUCHI M, GIBBONS GH: Vasoactive substances regulate vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Countervailing influences of nitric oxide and angiotensin II. Circ. Res. (1996) 79:748-756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENETOS A, LEVY BI, LACOLLEY P, TAILLARD F, DURIEZ M, SAFAR ME: Role of angiotensin II and bradykinin on aortic collagen following converting enzyme inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1997) 17:3196-3201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAKAMURA T, FUJII S, HOSHINO J et al.: Selective angiotensin receptor antagonism with valsartan decreases arterial stiffness independently of blood pressure lowering in hypertensive patients. Hypertens. Res. (2005) 28:937-943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MODENA MG, BONETTI L, COPPI F, BURSI F, ROSSI R: Prognostic role of reversible endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive postmenopausal women. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2002) 40:505-510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUERIN AP, BLACHER J, PANNIER B, MARCHAIS SJ, SAFAR ME, LONDON GM: Impact of aortic stiffness attenuation on survival of patients in end-stage renal disease. Circulation (2001) 103:987-992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar