357
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Diazepam effects on non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate: epidemiological studies, clinical findings, genes and extracellular matrix

, MSc PhD, , MSc, , MD, , MSc, , MSc & , MD
Pages 23-33 | Published online: 20 Jul 2010

Bibliography

  • Iqbal MM, Sobhan T, Ryals T. Effects of commonly used benzodiazepines on the fetus, the neonate, and the nursing infant. Psychiatr Serv 2002;53:39-49
  • Bateson AN. Basic pharmacological mechanisms involved in benzodiazepine tolerance and withdrawal. Curr Pharm Design 2002;8:5-21
  • Bonnot O, Vollset SE, Godet PF, In utero exposure to benzodiazepine. Is there a risk for anal atresia with lorazepam? Encephale 2003;29:553-9
  • Wikner BN, Stiller CO, Bergman U, Use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists during pregnancy: neonatal outcome and congenital malformations. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16:1203-10
  • Katz RA. Effect of diazepam on the embryonic development of the palate in the rat. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 1988;8:155-66
  • Jurand A, Martin LV. Cleft palate and open eyelids inducing activity of lorazepam and the effect of flumazenil, the benzodiazepine antagonist. Pharmacol Toxicol 1994;74:228-35
  • Beall JR. Study of the teratogenic potential of oral diazepam and SCH 12041. Can Med Assoc J 1972;106:1061
  • Chesley S, Lumpkin M, Schatzki A, Prenatal exposure to benzodiazepine. I. Prenatal exposure tolazepam in mice alters open-field activity and GABA receptor function. Neuropharmacology 1991;30:53-8
  • McElhatton PR. The effects of benzodiazepine use during pregnancy and lactation. Reprod Toxicol 1994;8:461-75
  • Saxen I, Saxen L. Association between maternal intake of diazepam and oral clefts. Lancet 1975;2:498
  • Laegreid L. Clinical observations in children after prenatal benzodiazepine exposure. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1990;15:186-8
  • Laegreid L, Olegard R, Conradi N, Congenital malformations and maternal consumption of benzodiazepines: a case-control study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1990;32:432-41
  • St Clair SM, Schirmer RG. First-trimester exposure to alprazolam. Obstet Gynecol 1992;80:843-6
  • Dolovich LR, Addis A, Vaillancourt JM, Benzodiazepine use in pregnancy and major malformations or oral meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. BMJ 1998;317:839-43
  • Arnon J, Shechtman S, Ornoy A. The use of psychiatric drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Isr J Psychiat Relat Sci 2000;37:205-22
  • Saxen I. Associations between oral clefts and drugs taken during pregnancy. Int J Epidemiol 1975;4:37-44
  • Safra MD, Oakley GP. Association between cleft lip with or without cleft palate and prenatal exposure to diazepam. Lancet 1975;2:478-80
  • Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ. Use of benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1398-405
  • Giri AK, Banerjee S. Genetic toxicology of four commonly used benzodiazepines: a review. Mutat Res 1996;340:93-108
  • Kuhnz W, Nau H. Differences in vitro binding of diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam to maternal and fetal plasma proteins at birth: relation to free fatty acid concentration and other parameters. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;34:220-6
  • Mandelli M, Morselli PL, Nordio S, Placental transfer of diazepam and its disposition in the newborn. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975;17:564-72
  • Erkkola R, Kanto J, Sellman R. Diazepam in early human pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1974;53:135-8
  • Allen MD, Greenblatt DJ. Comparative protein binding of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam. J Clin Pharmacol 1981;21:219-23
  • Marcucci F, Fanelli R, Frova M, Levels of diazepam in adipose tissue of rats, mice, and man. Eur J Pharmacol 1968;4:464-6
  • Picard N, Guenin S, Perrin Y, Consequences or prenatal exposure to diazepam on the respiratory parameters, respiratory network activity and gene expression of alpha1 and alpha2 subunits of GABA(A) receptor in newborn rat. Adv Exp Med Biol 2008;605:144-8
  • Carinci F, Pezzetti F, Scapoli L, Recent developments in non-syndromic orofacial cleft: genetic background and environmental factors. J Craniofac Surg 2003;14:130-43
  • Carinci P, Becchetti E, Baroni T, Extracellular matrix and growth factors in the pathogenesis of some craniofacial malformations. Eur J Histochem 2007;51:105-15
  • Baroni T, Bellucci C, Lilli C, Retinoic acid, GABA-ergic, and TGF-beta signalling systems are involved in human cleft palate fibroblast phenotype. Mol Med 2006;12:237-45
  • Mossey PA, Little J, Munger RG, Cleft lip and palate. Lancet 2009;374:1773-85
  • Lidral AC, Moreno LM. Progress toward discerning the genetics of cleft lip. Curr Opin Pediatr 2005;17:731-9
  • Inoue H, Kayano S, Aoki Y, Association of the GABRB3 gene with nonsyndromic oral clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2008;45:261-6
  • Lidral AC, Moreno LM, Bullard SA. Genetic factors and orofacial clefting. Semin Orthod 2008;14:103-14
  • Marazita ML, Lidral AC, Murray JC, Genome scan, fine-mapping, and candidate gene analysis of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate reveals phenotype specific differences in linkage and association results. Hum Hered 2009;68:151-70
  • Vieira AR. Unraveling human cleft lip and palate research. J Dent Res 2008;87:119-25
  • Wong FK, Hagg U. An update on the aethiology of orofacial clefts. Hong Kong Med J 2004;10:331-6
  • Aarskog D. Association between maternal intake of diazepam and oral clefts [letter]. Lancet 1975;2:921
  • Safra MJ, Oakley GP. Valium: an oral cleft teratogen? Cleft Palate J 1976;13:198-200
  • Czeizel A. Lack of evidence of teratogenicity of benzodiazepine drugs in Hungary. Reprod Toxicol 1987;1:183-8
  • Olkkola KT, Ahonen J. Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008;182:335-60
  • Marinucci L, Balloni S, Bodo M, Patterns of some extracellular matrix gene expression are similar in cells from cleft lip-palate patients and in human palatal fibroblats exposed to diazepam in culture. Toxicology 2009;257:10-16
  • Scapoli L, Martinelli M, Pezzetti F, Linkage disequilibrium between GABRB3 gene and nonsyndromic familial cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Hum Genet 2002;110:15-20
  • Atack JR. The benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors as a target for the development of novel anxiolytics. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005;14:601-18
  • Holt RA, Bateson AN, Martin IL. Decreased GABA enhancement of benzodiazepine binding after a single dose of diazepam. J Neurochem 1999;72:2219-22
  • Woods MJ, Zisterer DM, Wiliams DC. Two cellular and subcellular localizations for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor in rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1996;5:1283-92
  • Moingeon PH, Dessaux J, Fellous R, Benzodiazepine receptors on human blood platelets. Life Sci 1984;35:2003-9
  • Berkovich A, Ferrarese C, Cavaletti G, Topology of two DBI receptors in human lymphocytes. Life Sci 1993;52:1265-77
  • Larkin JG, Thompson GG, Scobie G, Central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain and platelets: effects of treatment with diazepam and clobazam. Seizure 1992;1:177-82
  • Krueger KE, Papadopoulos V. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors mediate translocation of cholesterol from outer to inner mitochondrial membranes in adrenocortical cells. J Biol Chem 1990;265:15015-22
  • Earley B, Canney M, Clune B, The effects of MK-801, ifendropil, JO1784, JO 1994 and JO 1997 on PK 11195 receptor binding, nitric oxide synthase (NO synthase) activity and infarct volume in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Neurochem Int 1996;28:509-21
  • Landau M, Weizman A, Zoref-Shani E, Antiproliferative and differentiating effects of benzodiazepine receptor ligands on B16 melanoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1998;56:1029-34
  • Zimmerman EF. Role of neurotransmitters in palate development and teratologic implications. Prog Clin Biol Res 1985;171:283-94
  • Hagiwara N, Katarowa Z, Siracusa LD, Nonneuronal expression of the GABA(A) beta3 subunit gene is required for normal palate development in mice. Dev Biol 2003;254:93-101
  • Mehta AK, Ticku MK. An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Rev 1999;29:196-217
  • Wee EL, Zimmerman EF. Involvement of GABA in palate morphogenesis and its relation to diazepam teratogenesis in two mouse strains. Teratology 1983;28:15-22
  • Farrant M, Nusser Z. Variations on an inhibitory theme: phasic and tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005;6:215-29
  • Fogh-Andersen P. Inheritance of harelip and cleft palate. In: Busck, editor, Copenhagen; 1942
  • Schliekelman P, Slatkin M. Multiplex relative risk and estimation of the number of loci underlying an inherited disease. Am J Hum Genet 2002;71:1369-85
  • Murray JC, Schutte BC. Cleft palate: players, pathways, and pursuits. J Clin Invest 2004;113:1676-8
  • Carinci F, Scapoli L, Palmieri A, Human genetic factors in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate: an update. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007;71:1509-19
  • Ghassibe M, Bayet B, Revencu N, Orofacial clefting: update on the role of genetics. B-ENT 2006;2:20-4
  • Osoegawa K, Vessere GM, Utami KH, Identification of novel candidate genes associated with cleft lip and palate using array comparative genomic hybridization. J Med Genet 2008;45:81-6
  • Vieira AR, Avila JR, Daack-Hirsch S, Medical sequencing of candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. PLos Genet 2005;1(6):e64
  • Warrington A, Vieira AR, Christensen K, Genetic evidence for the role of loci at 19q13 in cleft lip and palate. J Med Genet 2006;43:e26
  • Scapoli L, Palmieri A, Martinelli M, Strong evidence of linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms at the IRF6 locus and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate, in an Italian population. Am J Hum Genet 2005;76:180-3
  • Vieira AR, Cooper ME, Marazita ML, Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is associated with oral-facial cleft in individuals that originate in South America. Am J Med Genet 2007;143:2075-8
  • Park JW, McIntosh I, Hetmanski JB, Association between IRF6 and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in four populations. Genet Med 2007;9:219-27
  • Jugessur A, Rahimov F, Lie RT, Genetic variants in IRF6 and the risk of facial clefts: single-marker and haplotype-based analyses in a population-based case-control study of facial clefts in Norway. Genet Epidemiol 2008;32:413-24
  • Mitchell LE, Murray JC, O'Brien S, Retinoic acid receptor alpha gene variants, multivitamin use, and liver intake as risk factors for oral clefts: a population-based case-control study in Denmark, 1991-1994. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:69-76
  • Park J, Park BY, Kim HS, MSX1 polymorphism associated with risk of oral cleft in Korea: evidence form case-parent trio and case-control studies. Yonsei Med J 2007;48:101-8
  • Wu PA, Li YL, Fan GZ, Association study on microsatellite polymorphism of MSX1 gene and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2007;24:325-7
  • Vieira AR, Howe A, Murray JC. Studies of g-aminobutyric acid type A receptor be (GABRB3) and glutamic acid decarboxilase 67 (GAD67) with oral clefts. Am J Med Genet A 2008;146:2828-30
  • Pezzetti F, Martinelli M, Scapoli L, Maternal MTHFR variant forms increase the risk in offspring of isolated nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Hum Mutat 2004;24:104-5
  • Chevrier C, Perret C, Bahuau M, Fetal and maternal MTHFR C677T genotype, maternal folate intake and the risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts. Am J Med Genet A 2007;143:248-57
  • Yuan KF, Lai QG, Zhou XH, Association of transforming growth factor-alpha gene polymorphism and environment factors with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Han nationality. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007;25:285-8
  • Ichikawa E, Watanabe A, Nakano Y, PAX9 and TGFbeta3 are linked to susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Japanese: population-based and family-based candidate gene analyses. J Hum Genet 2006;51:38-46
  • Riley BM, Murray JC. Sequence evaluation of FGF and FGFR gene conserved non-coding elements in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate cases. Am J Med Genet 2007;143:3228-34
  • Nie X, Luukko K, Kettunen P. FGF signalling in craniofacial development and developmental disorders. Oral Dis 2006;12:102-11
  • Pauws E, Stanier P. FGF signalling and SUMO modification: new players in the aetiology of cleft lip and/or palate. Trends Genet 2007;23:631-40
  • Niles LP, Smith LJ, Tenn CC. Modulation of c-fos expression in the rat striatum by diazepam. Neurosci Lett 1997:236:5-8
  • Strac DS, Vlainic J, Jembrek MJ, Differential effects of diazepam treatment and withdrawal on recombinant GABAa receptor expression and functional coupling. Brain Res 2008;1246:29-40
  • Shaw GM, Lammer EJ. Maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption and risk for orofacial clefts. J Pediatr 1999;134:298-303
  • Shi M, Christensen K, Weinberg CR, Orofacial cleft risk is increased with maternal smocking and specific detoxification-gene variants. Am J Hum Genet 2007;81:53-66
  • Kallen B. Maternal drug use and infant cleft lip/palate with special reference to corticoids. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2003;40:624-8
  • Hanson JW, Myrianthopoulos NC, Harvey MA, Risks to the offspring of women treated with hydantoin anticonvulsants, with emphasis on the fetal hydantoin syndrome. J Pediatr 1976;89(4):662-8
  • van Rooij IA, Wegerif MJ, Roelofs HM, Smoking, genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes, and nonsyndromic oral clefting: a gene-environment interaction. Epidemiology 2001;12:502-7
  • Romitti PA, Lidral AC, Munger RG, Candidate genes for nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate and maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption: evaluation of genotype-environment interactions from a population-based case-control study of orofacial clefts. Teratology 1999;59:39-50
  • Lagrange AH. Folic acid supplementation for women with epilepsy who might become pregnant. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2009;5:16-17
  • Wilcox AJ, Lie RT, Solvoll K, Folic acid supplements and risk of facial clefts: national population based case-control study. BMJ 2007;334:464
  • Chakravarti A. Finding needles in haystacks-IRF6 gene variants in isolated cleft lip or cleft palate. N Engl J Med 2004;351:822-4
  • Carinci F, Pezzetti F, Locci P, Apert and crouzon syndromes: clinical findings, genes and extracellular matrix. J Craniofac Surg 2005;16:361-8
  • Malemud CJ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in health and disease: an overview. Front Biosci 2006;11:1696-701
  • Moxham BJ. The development of the palate-a brief review. Eur J Anat 2003;7:53-74
  • Bodo M, Baroni T, Carinci F, TGFbeta isoforms and decorin gene expression are modified in fibroblasts obtained from non-syndromic cleft lip and palate subjects. J Dent Res 1999;78:1783-90
  • Nakamura I, Doungle T, Rodan SB, Involvment of alpha(v)beta3 integrins in osteoclast function. J Bone Miner Metab 2007;25:337-44
  • McNally AK, Jones JA, Macewan SR, Vitronectin ia a critical protein adhesion substrate for Il-4-induced foreign body giant cell formation. J Biomed Mater Res 2008;86:535-43
  • Taipale J, Keski-Oja J. Growth factors in the extracellular matrix. FASEB J 1997;11:51-9
  • Bodo M, Baroni T, Carinci F, A regulatory role of fibroblast growth factor in the expression of decorin, biglycan, betaglycan and syndecan in osteoblasts from patients with Crouzon's syndrome. Eur J Cell Biol 1999;78:323-30
  • Canalis E, McCarthy TL, Centrella M, The role of growth factors in skeletal remodeling. Endocrinol Metabol Clin North Am 1989;18:903-18
  • Roodman GD, Kurihara N, Ohsaki Y. Interleukin-6: a potential autocrine/paracrine factor in Paget's disease of bone. J Clin Invest 1992;89:46-52
  • Citterio HL, Gaillard DA. Expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and cell proliferation during human palatogenesis: an immunohistochemical study. Int J Dev Biol 1994;38:499-505

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.