504
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Safety Evaluations

The safety of clopidogrel

, MD & , MD
Pages 85-95 | Published online: 20 Nov 2010

Bibliography

  • Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, Heart disease and stroke statistics–2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009;119:480-6
  • Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy–I: prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994;308:81-106
  • Basili S, Raparelli V, Vestri A, Comparison of efficacy of antiplatelet treatments for patients with claudication. A meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost 2010;103:766-73
  • Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:e1-157
  • Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee. Circulation 2008;117:296-329
  • Hashemzadeh M, Goldsberry S, Furukawa M, ADP receptor-blocker thienopyridines: chemical structures, mode of action and clinical use. A review. J Invasive Cardiol 2009;21:406-12
  • Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502
  • Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1179-89
  • Chen KY, Rha SW, Li YJ, Triple versus dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2009;119:3207-14
  • Tamhane U, Meier P, Chetcuti S, Efficacy of cilostazol in reducing restenosis in patients undergoing contemporary stent based PCI: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. EuroIntervention 2009;5:384-93
  • CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329-39
  • Roy P, Bonello L, Torguson R, Impact of “nuisance” bleeding on clopidogrel compliance in patients undergoing intracoronary drug-eluting stent implantation. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1614-7
  • Eikelboom JW, Mehta SR, Anand SS, Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2006;114:774-82
  • Rao SV, O'Grady K, Pieper KS, Impact of bleeding severity on clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:1200-6
  • Rao SV, O'Grady K, Pieper KS, A comparison of the clinical impact of bleeding measured by two different classifications among patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:809-16
  • Manoukian SV, Feit F, Mehran R, Impact of major bleeding on 30-day mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an analysis from the ACUITY Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1362-8
  • Kinnaird TD, Stabile E, Mintz GS, Incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of bleeding and blood transfusion following percutaneous coronary interventions. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:930-5
  • Plavix package insert. New York, NY: Bristol-Myers. Squibb/Sanofi-Synthelabo Pharmaceuticals Partnership; 2002, March
  • Chesebro JH, Knatterud G, Roberts R, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial, phase I: a comparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous streptokinase. Clinical findings through hospital discharge. Circulation 1987;76:142-54
  • The GUSTO investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993;329:673-82
  • Serebruany VL, Atar D. Assessment of bleeding events in clinical trials–proposal of a new classification. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:288-90
  • Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Kleiman NS, Comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention (the Randomized Evaluation of PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events [REPLACE]-1 trial). Am J Cardiol 2004;93:1092-6
  • Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA, Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. JAMA 2003;289:853-63
  • Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Dangas G, Development and validation of a prognostic risk score for major bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention via the femoral approach. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1936-45
  • Harker LA, Boissel JP, Pilgrim AJ, Gent M. Comparative safety and tolerability of clopidogrel and aspirin: results from CAPRIE. CAPRIE Steering Committee and Investigators. Clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events. Drug Saf 1999;21:325-35
  • Hochholzer W, Trenk D, Frundi D, Time dependence of platelet inhibition after a 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel in a large, unselected cohort of candidates for percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2005;111:2560-4
  • Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1982-8
  • Patti G, Colonna G, Pasceri V, Randomized trial of high loading dose of clopidogrel for reduction of periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary intervention: results from the ARMYDA-2 (Antiplatelet therapy for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study. Circulation 2005;111:2099-106
  • Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Zaman KA, Clopidogrel loading with eptifibatide to arrest the reactivity of platelets: results of the Clopidogrel Loading With Eptifibatide to Arrest the Reactivity of Platelets (CLEAR PLATELETS) study. Circulation 2005;111:1153-9
  • Mehta SR, Bassand JP, Chrolavicius S, Design and rationale of CURRENT-OASIS 7: a randomized, 2 x 2 factorial trial evaluating optimal dosing strategies for clopidogrel and aspirin in patients with ST and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an early invasive strategy. Am Heart J 2008;156:1080-1088 e1
  • Mehta SR, Bassand JP, Chrolavicius S, Dose comparisons of clopidogrel and aspirin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2010;363:930-42
  • Siller-Matula JM, Huber K, Christ G, Impact of clopidogrel loading dose on clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2010. doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.195438
  • Makkar RR, Eigler NL, Kaul S, Effects of clopidogrel, aspirin and combined therapy in a porcine ex vivo model of high-shear induced stent thrombosis. Eur Heart J 1998;19:1538-46
  • Harker LA, Marzec UM, Kelly AB, Clopidogrel inhibition of stent, graft, and vascular thrombogenesis with antithrombotic enhancement by aspirin in nonhuman primates. Circulation 1998;98:2461-9
  • Bhatt DL, Topol EJ. Clopidogrel added to aspirin versus aspirin alone in secondary prevention and high-risk primary prevention: rationale and design of the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) trial. Am Heart J 2004;148:263-8
  • Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1706-17
  • Mak KH, Bhatt DL, Shao M, Ethnic variation in adverse cardiovascular outcomes and bleeding complications in the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHARISMA) study. Am Heart J 2009;157:658-65
  • Dasgupta A, Steinhubl SR, Bhatt DL, Clinical outcomes of patients with diabetic nephropathy randomized to clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone (a post hoc analysis of the clopidogrel for high atherothrombotic risk and ischemic stabilization, management, and avoidance [CHARISMA] trial). Am J Cardiol 2009;103:1359-63
  • Mak KH, Bhatt DL, Shao M, The influence of body mass index on mortality and bleeding among patients with or at high-risk of atherothrombotic disease. Eur Heart J 2009;30:857-65
  • Kennedy J, Hill MD, Ryckborst KJ, Fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent early recurrence (FASTER): a randomised controlled pilot trial. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:961-9
  • Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:331-7
  • Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:1607-21
  • Holmes DR Jr, Kereiakes DJ, Kleiman NS, Combining antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:95-109
  • Ruiz-Nodar JM, Marin F, Hurtado JA, Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy use in 426 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation implications for bleeding risk and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:818-25
  • Olson KL, Delate T, Johnson SG, Incidence of hemorrhage among anticoagulated patients receiving antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009;29(3):316-21
  • Sambola A, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, Angel J, Therapeutic strategies after coronary stenting in chronically anticoagulated patients: the MUSICA study. Heart 2009;95:1483-8
  • Anand S, Yusuf S, Xie C, Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med 2007;357:217-27
  • Lev EI, Ramchandani M, Garg R, Response to aspirin and clopidogrel in patients scheduled to undergo cardiovascular surgery. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2007;24:15-21
  • Hongo RH, Ley J, Dick SE, Yee RR. The effect of clopidogrel in combination with aspirin when given before coronary artery bypass grafting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:231-7
  • Chu MW, Wilson SR, Novick RJ, Does clopidogrel increase blood loss following coronary artery bypass surgery? Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:1536-41
  • Kapetanakis EI, Medlam DA, Boyce SW, Clopidogrel administration prior to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: the cardiologist's panacea or the surgeon's headache? Eur Heart J 2005;26:576-83
  • Karabulut H, Toraman F, Evrenkaya S, Clopidogrel does not increase bleeding and allogenic blood transfusion in coronary artery surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004;25:419-23
  • Cannon CP, Mehta SR, Aranki SF. Balancing the benefit and risk of oral antiplatelet agents in coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80:768-79
  • McLean DS, Sabatine MS, Guo W, Benefits and risks of clopidogrel pretreatment before coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics in CLARITY-TIMI 28. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2007;24:85-91
  • Martinek J, Blum AL, Stolte M, Effects of pumaprazole (BY841), a novel reversible proton pump antagonist, and of omeprazole, on intragastric acidity before and after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:27-34
  • Hulot JS, Bura A, Villard E, Cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism is a major determinant of clopidogrel responsiveness in healthy subjects. Blood 2006;108:2244-7
  • Mega JL, Close SL, Wiviott SD, Cytochrome p-450 polymorphisms and response to clopidogrel. N Engl J Med 2009;360:354-62
  • Siller-Matula JM, Jilma B, Schror K, Effect of proton pump inhibitors on clinical outcome in patients treated with clopidogrel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2010. doi: 10.1111/ j.1538-7836.2010.04049.x [Epub ahead of print]
  • Bhatt DL. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole in patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel. Program and abstracts of the TCT 2009, San Francisco, California; 2009
  • Lau WC, Waskell LA, Watkins PB, Atorvastatin reduces the ability of clopidogrel to inhibit platelet aggregation: a new drug-drug interaction. Circulation 2003;107:32-7
  • Saw J, Brennan DM, Steinhubl SR, Lack of evidence of a clopidogrel-statin interaction in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:291-5
  • Saw J, Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Lack of adverse clopidogrel-atorvastatin clinical interaction from secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled clopidogrel trial. Circulation 2003;108:921-4
  • Wienbergen H, Gitt AK, Schiele R, Comparison of clinical benefits of clopidogrel therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes taking atorvastatin versus other statin therapies. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:285-8
  • Schomig A, Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, A randomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1084-9
  • Hall P, Nakamura S, Maiello L, A randomized comparison of combined ticlopidine and aspirin therapy versus aspirin therapy alone after successful intravascular ultrasound-guided stent implantation. Circulation 1996;93:215-22
  • Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ, ; Stent Anticoagulation Restenosis Study Investigators. A clinical trial comparing three antithrombotic-drug regimens after coronary-artery stenting. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1665-71
  • Bennett CL, Connors JM, Carwile JM, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with clopidogrel. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1773-7
  • Tsai HM, Lian EC. Antibodies to von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1585-94
  • Furlan M, Lammle B. Aetiology and pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolytic uraemic syndrome: the role of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2001;14:437-54
  • Bianchi V, Robles R, Alberio L, Von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) in thrombocytopenic disorders: a severely deficient activity is specific for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood 2002;100:710-13
  • Majhail NS, Lichtin AE. Clopidogrel and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: no clear case for causality. Cleve Clin J Med 2003;70:466-70
  • Moake JL. Thrombotic microangiopathies. N Engl J Med 2002;347:589-600

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.