1,735
Views
58
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Risk versus risk: a review of benzodiazepine reduction in older adults

, PharmD, , PharmD CGP & , MD SM

Bibliography

  • Chouinard G. Issues in the clinical use of benzodiazepines: potency, withdrawal, and rebound. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(Suppl 5):7-12
  • Moller HJ. Effectiveness and safety of benzodiazepines. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19(6 Suppl 2):2S-11S
  • American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60(4):616-31
  • Holm M. One year follow-up of users of benzodiazepines in general practice. Dan Med Bull 1990;37(2):188-91
  • Pinsker H, Suljaga-Petchel K. Use of benzodiazepines in primary-care geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984;32(8):595-7
  • Linden M, Bar T, Geiselmann B. Patient treatment insistence and medication craving in long-term low-dosage benzodiazepine prescriptions. Psychol Med 1998;28:721-9
  • Cook JM, Biyanova T, Masci C, et al. Older patient perspectives on long-term anxiolytic benzodiazepine use and discontinuation: a qualitative study. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22(8):1094-100
  • Cook JM, Biyanova T, Thompson R, et al. Older primary care patients’ willingness to consider discontinuation of chronic benzodiazepines. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007;29(5):396-401
  • Cook JM, et al. Physicians’ perspectives on prescribing benzodiazepines for older adults: a qualitative study. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22(3):303-7
  • Dunbar GC, Perera MH, Jenner FA. Patterns of benzodiazepine use in Great Britain as measured by a general population survey. Br J Psychiatry 1989;155:836-41
  • King MB, Gabe J, Williams P, et al. Long term use of benzodiazepines: the views of patients. Br J Gen Pract 1990;40(334):194-6
  • Siriwardena AN, Apekey T, Tilling M, et al. General practitioners’ preferences for managing insomnia and opportunities for reducing hypnotic prescribing. J Eval Clin Pract 2010;16(4):731-7
  • Jorgensen VR. Benzodiazepine reduction in general practice. Are the elderly neglected? J Affect Disord 2012;136(3):1216-21
  • McNutt LA, Coles FB, McAuliffe T, et al. Impact of regulation on benzodiazepine prescribing to a low income elderly population, New York State. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47(6):613-25
  • Ong MK, Xu H, Zhang L, et al. Effect of medicare part D benzodiazepine exclusion on psychotropic use in benzodiazepine users. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60(7):1292-7
  • Pimlott NJ, Hux JE, Wilson LM, et al. Educating physicians to reduce benzodiazepine use by elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2003;168(7):835-9
  • Pit SW, Byles JE, Henry DA, et al. A quality use of medicines program for general practitioners and older people: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 2007;187(1):23-30
  • Tyrer PS, Murphy S, Riley P. The benzodiazepine withdrawal symptom questionnaire. J Affect Disord 1990;19(1):53-61
  • Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, et al. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory. Behav Sci 1974;19(1):1-15
  • Busto UE, Sykora K, Sellers EM. A clinical scale to assess benzodiazepine withdrawal. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1989;9(6):412-16
  • Kan CC, Breteler MH, Timmermans EA, et al. Scalability, reliability, and validity of the benzodiazepine dependence self-report questionnaire in outpatient benzodiazepine users. Compr Psychiatry 1999;40(4):283-91
  • Hopkins DR, Sethi KB, Mucklow JC. Benzodiazepine withdrawal in general practice. J R Coll Gen Pract 1982;32(245):758-62
  • Nardi AE, Freire RC, Valença AM, et al. Tapering clonazepam in patients with panic disorder after at least 3 years of treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010;30(3):290-3
  • Schweizer E, Rickels K, Case WG, Greenblatt DJ. Long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines. II. Effects of gradual taper. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47(10):908-15
  • Tyrer P, Owen R, Dawling S. Gradual withdrawal of diazepam after long-term therapy. Lancet 1983;1(8339):1402-6
  • Busto U, Sellers EM, Naranjo CA, et al. Withdrawal reaction after long-term therapeutic use of benzodiazepines. N Engl J Med 1986;315(14):854-9
  • Couvee JE, Zitman FG. The benzodiazepine withdrawal symptom questionnaire: psychometric evaluation during a discontinuation program in depressed chronic benzodiazepine users in general practice. Addiction 2002;97(3):337-45
  • Schweizer E, Case WG, Rickels K. Benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal in elderly patients. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146(4):529-31
  • Gosselin P, Ladouceur R, Morin CM, et al. Benzodiazepine discontinuation among adults with GAD: a randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006;74(5):908-19
  • Morin CM, Bastien C, Guay B, et al. Randomized clinical trial of supervised tapering and cognitive behavior therapy to facilitate benzodiazepine discontinuation in older adults with chronic insomnia. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161(2):332-42
  • Vicens C, Fiol F, Llobera J, et al. Withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use: randomised trial in family practice. Br J Gen Pract 2006;56(533):958-63
  • Voshaar RC, Gorgels WJ, Mol AJ, et al. Tapering off long-term benzodiazepine use with or without group cognitive-behavioural therapy: three-condition, randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:498-504
  • Nakao M, Takeuchi T, Nomura K, et al. Clinical application of paroxetine for tapering benzodiazepine use in non-major-depressive outpatients visiting an internal medicine clinic. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;60(5):605-10
  • Rickels K, Schweizer E, Garcia España F, et al. Trazodone and valproate in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy: effects on withdrawal symptoms and taper outcome. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999;141(1):1-5
  • Belanger L, Morin CM, Bastien C, Ladouceur R. Self-efficacy and compliance with benzodiazepine taper in older adults with chronic insomnia. Health Psychol 2005;24(3):281-7
  • Morin CM, Bélanger L, Bastien C, Vallières A. Long-term outcome after discontinuation of benzodiazepines for insomnia: a survival analysis of relapse. Behav Res Ther 2005;43(1):1-14
  • Schweizer E, Rickels K, De Martinis N, et al. The effect of personality on withdrawal severity and taper outcome in benzodiazepine dependent patients. Psychol Med 1998;28(3):713-20
  • Voshaar R.C, Gorgels WJ, Mol AJ, et al. Predictors of long-term benzodiazepine abstinence in participants of a randomized controlled benzodiazepine withdrawal program. Can J Psychiatry 2006;51(7):445-52
  • Mol AJ, Oude Voshaar RC, Gorgels WJ, et al. The absence of benzodiazepine craving in a general practice benzodiazepine discontinuation trial. Addict Behav 2006;31(2):211-22
  • Mol AJ, Oude Voshaar RC, Gorgels WJ, et al. The role of craving in relapse after discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68(12):1894-900
  • Zitman FG, Couvee JE. Chronic benzodiazepine use in general practice patients with depression: an evaluation of controlled treatment and taper-off: report on behalf of the Dutch Chronic Benzodiazepine Working Group. Br J Psychiatry 2001;178:317-24
  • Couvee JE, Timmermans MA, Zitman FG; Dutch Chronic Benzodiazepine Working Group. The long-term outcome of a benzodiazepine discontinuation programme in depressed outpatients. J Affect Disord 2002;70:133-41
  • Baillargeon L, Landreville P, Verreault R, et al. Discontinuation of benzodiazepines among older insomniac adults treated with cognitive-behavioural therapy combined with gradual tapering: a randomized trial. CMAJ 2003;169(10):1015-20
  • Couvee JE, Bakker A, Zitman FG. The relevance of psychiatric and somatic comorbidity in depressed chronic benzodiazepine users. Psychother Psychosom 2002;71(5):263-8
  • Curran HV, Collins R, Fletcher S, et al. Older adults and withdrawal from benzodiazepine hypnotics in general practice: effects on cognitive function, sleep, mood and quality of life. Psychol Med 2003;33(7):1223-37
  • Garfinkel D, Zisapel N, Wainstein J, Laudon M. Facilitation of benzodiazepine discontinuation by melatonin: a new clinical approach. Arch Intern Med 1999;159(20):2456-60
  • Schweizer E, Case WG, Garcia-Espana F, et al. Progesterone co-administration in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy: effects on withdrawal severity and taper outcome. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995;117(4):424-9
  • Udelman HD, Udelman DL. Concurrent use of buspirone in anxious patients during withdrawal from alprazolam therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 1990;51(Suppl):46-50
  • Vissers FH, Knipschild PG, Crebolder HF. Is melatonin helpful in stopping the long-term use of hypnotics? A discontinuation trial. Pharm World Sci 2007;29(6):641-6
  • Mol AJ, Voshaar RC, Gorgels WJ, et al. Development and psychometric evaluation of the benzodiazepine craving Questionnaire. Addiction 2003;98(8):1143-52
  • Rickels K, Garcia-Espana F, Mandos LA, Case GW. Physician Withdrawal Checklist (PWC-20). J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28(4):447-51
  • Bond AJ, James DC, Lader MH. Physiological and psychological measures in anxious patients. Psychol Med 1974;4(4):364-73
  • Asberg M, Montgomery SA, Perris C, et al. A comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1978(271):5-27

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.