Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids: formation, metabolism and potential role in tissue physiology and pathophysiology

Bibliography

• Fitzpatrick FA, Soberman R. Regulated formation of eicosanoids. J Clin Invest 2001;107(11):1347-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karara A, Dishman E, Jacobson H, et al. Arachidonic acid epoxygenase. Stereochemical analysis of the endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids of human kidney cortex. FEBS Lett 1990;268(1):227-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capdevila JH, Vijaykumar RH, Falck JR. Cytochrome P450 and the mechanism an bioactivation of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids. In: Montellano PROD, editor, Cytochrome P450: structure, mechanism, and biochemistry. 3rd ed. New York: Kluwer Academics/Plenum Publishers, 2004. p. 531-45
   Google Scholar
• Fer M, Dreano Y, Lucas D, et al. Metabolism of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids by recombinant human cytochromes P450. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008;471(2):116-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulton D, Falck JR, McGiff JC, et al. A method for the determination of 5,6-EET using the lactone as an intermediate in the formation of the diol. J Lipid Res 1998;39(8):1713-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector AA, Norris AW. Action of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids on cellular function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007;292(3):C996-1012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JK, Chen J, Imig JD, et al. Identification of novel endogenous cytochrome p450 arachidonate metabolites with high affinity for cannabinoid receptors. J Biol Chem 2008;283(36):24514-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang W, Tuniki VR, Anjaiah S, et al. Characterization of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid binding site in U937 membranes using a novel radiolabeled agonist, 20-125i-14,15-epoxyeicosa-8(Z)-enoic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008;324(3):1019-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Morais SM, Schweikl H, Blaisdell J, Goldstein JA. Gene structure and upstream regulatory regions of human CYP2C9 and CYP2C18. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;194(1):194-201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei S, Brittin JJ, Falck JR, et al. Chiral resolution of the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, arachidonic acid epoxygenase metabolites. Anal Biochem 2006;352(1):129-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh H, Schwartzman ML. Renal vascular cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in androgen-induced hypertension. Pharmacol Rep 2008;60(1):29-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang H, McGiff JC, Quilley J, et al. Identification of 5,6-trans-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in the phospholipids of red blood cells. J Biol Chem 2004;279(35):36412-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karara A, Wei S, Spady D, et al. Arachidonic acid epoxygenase: structural characterization and quantification of epoxyeicosatrienoates in plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;182(3):1320-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widstrom RL, Norris AW, Van Der Veer J, Spector AA. Fatty acid-binding proteins inhibit hydration of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase. Biochemistry 2003;42(40):11762-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk CD. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology. Science 2001;294(5548):1871-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier KM, Baewer DV, Hittner S, et al. Endothelium-derived 2-arachidonylglycerol: an intermediate in vasodilatory eicosanoid release in bovine coronary arteries. Am J physiol 2005;288(3):H1344-351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labitzke EM, Diani-Moore S, Rifkind AB. Mitochondrial P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism by TCDD-induced hepatic CYP1A5; conversion of EETs to DHETs by mitochondrial soluble epoxide hydrolase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007;468(1):70-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldin DC, Kobayashi J, Falck JR, et al. Regio- and enantiofacial selectivity of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid hydration by cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. J Biol Chem 1993;268(9):6402-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreland KT, Procknow JD, Sprague RS, et al. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 participate in 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid-induced contraction of rabbit intralobar pulmonary arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007;321(2):446-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran KL, Aronov PA, Tanaka H, et al. Lipid sulfates and sulfonates are allosteric competitive inhibitors of the N-terminal phosphatase activity of the mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase. Biochemistry 2005;44(36):12179-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector AA, Fang X, Snyder GD, Weintraub NL. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs): metabolism and biochemical function. Prog Lipid Res 2004;43(1):55-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spearman ME, Prough RA, Estabrook RW, et al. Novel glutathione conjugates formed from epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Arch Biochem Biophys 1985;242(1):225-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang X, Hu S, Xu B, et al. 14,15-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Am J Physiol 2006;290(1):H55-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornage M, Boerwinkle E, Doris PA, et al. Polymorphism of the soluble epoxide hydrolase is associated with coronary artery calcification in African-American subjects: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Circulation 2004;109(3):335-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang X, Kaduce TL, Weintraub NL, et al. Pathways of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid metabolism in endothelial cells. Implications for the vascular effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition. J Biol Chem 2001;276(18):14867-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang X, Weintraub NL, McCaw RB, et al. Effect of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition on epoxyeicosatrienoic acid metabolism in human blood vessels. Am J Physiol 2004;287(6):H2412-20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang X, Kaduce TL, Weintraub NL, et al. Functional implications of a newly characterized pathway of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid metabolism in arterial smooth muscle. Circ Res 1996;79(4):784-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldin DC. Epoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2001;276(39):36059-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki S, Oguro A, Osada-Oka M, et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and/or their metabolites promote hypoxic response of cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2008;108(1):79-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inceoglu B, Schmelzer KR, Morisseau C, et al. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition reveals novel biological functions of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2007;82(1-4):42-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paine MF, Oberlies NH. Clinical relevance of the small intestine as an organ of drug elimination: drug-fruit juice interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007;3(1):67-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaedigk A, Baker DW, Totah RA, et al. Variability of CYP2J2 expression in human fetal tissues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;319(2):523-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enayetallah AE, French RA, Thibodeau MS, Grant DF. Distribution of soluble epoxide hydrolase and of cytochrome P450 2C8, 2C9, and 2J2 in human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 2004;52(4):447-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imaoka S, Hashizume T, Funae Y. Localization of rat cytochrome P450 in various tissues and comparison of arachidonic acid metabolism by rat P450 with that by human P450 orthologs. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2005;20(6):478-84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lasker JM, Wester MR, Aramsombatdee E, Raucy JL. Characterization of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 from human liver: respective roles in microsomal tolbutamide, S-mephenytoin, and omeprazole hydroxylations. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;353(1):16-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada T, Yamazaki H, Mimura M, et al. Interindividual variations in human liver cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in the oxidation of drugs, carcinogens and toxic chemicals: studies with liver microsomes of 30 Japanese and 30 Caucasians. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994;270(1):414-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daikh BE, Lasker JM, Raucy JL, Koop DR. Regio- and stereoselective epoxidation of arachidonic acid by human cytochromes P450 2C8 and 2C9. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994;271(3):1427-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki H, Okayama A, Imai N, et al. Inter-individual variation of cytochrome P4502J2 expression and catalytic activities in liver microsomes from Japanese and Caucasian populations. Xenobiotica 2006;36(12):1201-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundblad MS, Stark K, Eliasson E, et al. Biosynthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids varies between polymorphic CYP2C enzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;327(4):1052-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai D, Zeldin DC, Blaisdell JA, et al. Polymorphisms in human CYP2C8 decrease metabolism of the anticancer drug paclitaxel and arachidonic acid. Pharmacogenetics 2001;11(7):597-607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeldin DC, Foley J, Ma J, et al. CYP2J subfamily P450s in the lung: expression, localization, and potential functional significance. Mol Pharmacol 1996;50(5):1111-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fife KL, Liu Y, Schmelzer KR, et al. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase does not protect against endotoxin-mediated hepatic inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008;327(3):707-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisslthaler B, Popp R, Kiss L, et al. Cytochrome P450 2C is an EDHF synthase in coronary arteries. Nature 1999;401(6752):493-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu S, Moomaw CR, Tomer KB, et al. Molecular cloning and expression of CYP2J2, a human cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase highly expressed in heart. J Biol Chem 1996;271(7):3460-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman RJ. P-450 Metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function. Physiol Rev 2002;82:131-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delozier TC, Kissling GE, Coulter SJ, et al. Detection of human CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2J2 in cardiovascular tissues. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35(4):682-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming I, Michaelis UR, Bredenkotter D, et al. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor synthase (Cytochrome P450 2C9) is a functionally significant source of reactive oxygen species in coronary arteries. Circ Res 2001;88(1):44-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming I. DiscrEET regulators of homeostasis: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and vascular inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007;28(9):448-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen BT, Gutterman DD, Sato A, et al. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits cytochrome p450 epoxygenases: interaction between two endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. Circ Res 2008;102(1):59-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viswanathan S, Hammock BD, Newman JW, et al. Involvement of CYP 2C9 in mediating the proinflammatory effects of linoleic acid in vascular endothelial cells. J Am Coll Nutr 2003;22(6):502-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu BN, Luo CH, Wang D, et al. CYP2C9 allele variants in Chinese hypertension patients and healthy controls. Clin Chim Acta 2004;348(1-2):57-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hercule HC, Schunck WH, Gross V, et al. Interaction between P450 eicosanoids and nitric oxide in the control of arterial tone in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009;29(1):54-60; Zhang L, Cui Y, Geng B, Zeng X, Tang C. 11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid activates the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in human platelets. Mol Cell Biochem 2008;308(1-2):51-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiecker M, Liao JK. Vascular protective effects of cytochrome p450 epoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005;433(2):413-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batchu SN, Law E, Brocks DR, et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid prevents postischemic electrocardiogram abnormalities in an isolated heart model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009;46(1):67-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marden NY, Fiala-Beer E, Xiang SH, Murray M. Role of activator protein-1 in the down-regulation of the human CYP2J2 gene in hypoxia. Biochem J 2003;373(Pt 3):669-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang B, Graham L, Dikalov S, et al. Overexpression of cytochrome P450 CYP2J2 protects against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Pharmacol 2001;60(2):310-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu T, Ye D, Wang X, et al. Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms. J Physiol 2006;575(Pt 2):627-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behm DJ, Ogbonna A, Wu C, et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids function as selective, endogenous antagonists of native thromboxane receptors: identification of a novel mechanism of vasodilation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009;328(1):231-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiecker MD, Hankeln H, Soufi T, et al. Risk of coronary artery disease associated with polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase CYP 2J2. Circulation 2004;110(15):2132-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang H. Erythrocyte-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2007;82(1-4):4-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raunio H, Hakkola J, Hukkanen J, et al. Expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450s in human pulmonary tissues. Arch Toxicol Suppl 1998;20:465-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kiss L, Roder Y, Bier J, et al. Direct eicosanoid profiling of the hypoxic lung by comprehensive analysis via capillary liquid chromatography with dual online photodiode-array and tandem mass-spectrometric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008;390(2):697-714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez DF, Gjerde EA, Townsley MI. Role of EETs in regulation of endothelial permeability in rat lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004;286(2):L445-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revermann M, Barbosa-Sicard E, Dony E, et al. Inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Hypertens 2009;27(2):322-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Li C, Falck JR, et al. Interaction of nitric oxide, 20-HETE, and EETs during functional hyperemia in whisker barrel cortex. Am J Physiol 2008;295(2):H619-31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koerner IP, Zhang W, Cheng J, et al. Soluble epoxide hydrolase: regulation by estrogen and role in the inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia. Front Biosci 2008;13:2833-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams JM, Sharma M, Anjaiahh S, et al. Role of endogenous CYP450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in maintaining the glomerular protein permeability barrier. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007;293(2):F501-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stark K, Dostalek M, Guengerich FP. Expression and purification of orphan cytochrome P450 4X1 and oxidation of anandamide. FEBS J 2008;275(14):3706-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Chen JK, Falck JR, et al. Mitogenic activity and signaling mechanism of 2-(14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl)glycerol, a novel cytochrome p450 arachidonate metabolite. Mol Cell Biol 2007;27(8):3023-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snider NT, Kornilov AM, Kent UM, Hollenberg PF. Anandamide metabolism by human liver and kidney microsomal cytochrome p450 enzymes to form hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007;321(2):590-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awumey EM, Hill SK, Diz DI, Bukoski RD. Cytochrome P-450 metabolites of 2-arachidonoylglycerol play a role in Ca2+-induced relaxation of rat mesenteric arteries. Am J Physiol 2008;294(5):H2363-70
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catella F, Lawson JA, Fitzgerald DJ, Fitzgerald GA. Endogenous biosynthesis of arachidonic acid epoxides in humans: increased formation in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87(15):5893-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao CM, Breyer MD. Physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of lipid mediators in the kidney. Kidney Int 2007;71(11):1105-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun P, Liu W, Lin DH, et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid activates BK channels in the cortical collecting duct. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20(3):513-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minuz P, Jiang H, Fava C, et al. Altered release of cytochrome p450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in renovascular disease. Hypertension 2008;51(5):1379-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Certikova Chabova VK, Herbert J, Vaneckova I, et al. The Roles of Intrarenal 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in the Regulation of Renal Function in Hypertensive Ren-2 Transgenic Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2008;30(5):335-46
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nusing RM, Schweer H, Fleming I, et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids affect electrolyte transport in renal tubular epithelial cells: dependence on cyclooxygenase and cell polarity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007;293(1):F288-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang H, Morisseau C, Wang J, et al. Increasing or stabilizing renal epoxyeicosatrienoic acid production attenuates abnormal renal function and hypertension in obese rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007;293(1):F342-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, DuBois RN. Measurement of eicosanoids in cancer tissues. Methods Enzymol 2007;433:27-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zagorac D, Jakovcevic D, Gebremedhin D, Harder DR. Antiangiogenic effect of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 on rats with glioblastoma multiforme. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008;28(8):1431-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang JG, Chen CL, Card JW, et al. Cytochrome P450 2J2 promotes the neoplastic phenotype of carcinoma cells and is up-regulated in human tumors. Cancer Res 2005;65(11):4707-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C, Li G, Liao W, et al. Selective inhibitors of CYP2J2 related to terfenadine exhibit activity strongly against human cancers in vitro and in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009, DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.152017
   Google Scholar
• Webler AC, Michaelis UR, Popp R, et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are part of the VEGF-activated signaling cascade leading to angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008;295(5):C1292-301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webler AC, Popp R, Korff T, et al. Cytochrome P450 2C9-induced angiogenesis is dependent on EphB4. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008;28(6):1123-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith HE, Jones JP 3rd, Kalhorn TF, et al. Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 and 2J2 genotypes in calcineurin inhibitor-induced chronic kidney disease. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2008;18(11):943-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchheiner J, Meineke I, Fuhr U, et al. Impact of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and rosiglitazone intake on the urinary excretion of dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. Pharmacogenomics 2008;9(3):277-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones J, Katayama J, Jiang Y, et al. Identification of danazol as a selectuve inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2J2. Drug Metab Rev 2008;78-9
   Google Scholar
• Gerbal-Chaloin S, Pascussi JM, Pichard-Garcia L, et al. Induction of CYP2C genes in human hepatocytes in primary culture. Drug Metab Dispos 2001;29(3):242-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zordoky BNM, Aboutabl ME, El-Kadi AOS. Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Gene Expression and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism during Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2008;36:2277-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sura P, Sura R, Enayetallah AE, Grant DF. Distribution and expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase in human brain. J Histochem Cytochem 2008;56(6):551-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thum T, Erpenbeck VJ, Moeller J, et al. Expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in different lung compartments of smokers and nonsmokers. Environ Health Perspect 2006;114(11):1655-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarborough PE, Ma J, Qu W, Zeldin DC. P450 subfamily CYP2J and their role in the bioactivation of arachidonic acid in extrahepatic tissues. Drug Metab Rev 1999;31(1):205-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu Z, Huse LM, Adler P, et al. Increased CYP2J expression and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid formation in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. Mol Pharmacol 2000;57(5):1011-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowland-Yeo K, Rostami-Hodjean A, Tucker GT. Abundance of cytochrome P450 in human liver: a meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;106:97-132
   Google Scholar
• Choudhary D, Jansson I, Stoilov I, et al. Metabolism of retinoids and arachidonic acid by human and mouse cytochrome P450 1b1. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32(8):840-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karara A, Dishman E, Blair I, et al. Endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Cytochrome P-450 controlled stereoselectivity of the hepatic arachidonic acid epoxygenase. J Biol Chem 1989;264(33):19822-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yue H, Jansen SA, Strauss KI, et al. A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric method for simultaneous analysis of arachidonic acid and its endogenous eicosanoid metabolites prostaglandins, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in rat brain tissue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007;43(3):1122-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldin DC, Foley J, Boyle JE, et al. Predominant expression of an arachidonate epoxygenase in islets of Langerhans cells in human and rat pancreas. Endocrinology 1997;138(3):1338-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldin DC, Moomaw CR, Jesse N, et al. Biochemical characterization of the human liver cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996;330(1):87-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldin DC, Foley J, Goldsworthy SM, et al. CYP2J subfamily cytochrome P450s in the gastrointestinal tract: expression, localization, and potential functional significance. Mol Pharmacol 1997;51(6):931-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Lin L, Chen JX, et al. Cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases protect endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha via MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Am J Physiol 2007;293(1):H142-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar