Pharmacokinetics of alteplase in the treatment of ischaemic stroke

Bibliography

• Hatano S. Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report. Bull WHO 1975;54:541-53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project 1981-86. 1. Methodology, demography and incident cases of first-ever stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51(11):1373-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009;119(3):480-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morbidity and mortality chartbook. NHLBI. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/cht-book.htm [ Last accessed 24 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• The atlas of heart disease and stroke. WHO. Available from: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/resources/atlas/en [ Last accessed 24 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Boerma T, Abou-Zahr C, Kinfu Y, World Health Statistics 2008. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Warlow C, Sudlow C, Dennis M, Stroke. See comment. Lancet 2003;362(9391):1211-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathers C, Boerma T, Ma Fat D. An update of the global burden of disease in 2004. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Heart disease and stroke statistics–2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011;123(4):e18-e209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronning OM, Guldvog B. Stroke units versus general medical wards, I: twelve and eighteen-month survival: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 1998;29(1):58-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration. Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2007;(4):CD000197
   Google Scholar
• Langhorne P, Pollock A; Stroke Unit Trialists' Collaboration. What are the components of effective stroke unit care? Age Ageing 2002;31(5):365-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2008;359(13):1317-29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley EC Jr, Levy DE, Brott TG, Urgent therapy for stroke. Part II. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered 91-180 minutes from onset. Stroke 1992;23(5):641-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333(24):1581-71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Actilyse. European Medicines Agency. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/referrals/Actilyse/human_referral_000069.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac0580024e9a&murl=menus/regulations/regulations.jsp&jsenabled=true [ Last accessed 28 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Alteplase Product Approval Information - Licensing Action 6/18/96. FDA. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/ApprovalApplications/TherapeuticBiologicApplications/ucm080430.htm [ Last accessed 28 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Corporate Chronology. Genentech. Available from: http://www.gene.com/gene/about/corporate/history/timeline.html [ Last accessed 28 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Ischaemic stroke (acute) - alteplase: Final Appraisal Determination. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp?action=download&o=33971 [ Last accessed 28 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2007;38(5):1655-711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recommendations for stroke management. European Stroke Organisation. Available from: http://www.eso-stroke.org/recommendations.php?cid=9&sid=1 [ Last accessed 28 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Albers GW, Olivot J. Intravenous alteplase for ischaemic stroke. Lancet 2007;369(9558):249-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National sentinel stroke audit. Royal College of Physicians, London. Available from: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/resources/national-sentinel-stroke-audit [ Last accessed 24 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Murray V, Norrving B, Sandercock PA, The molecular basis of thrombolysis and its clinical application in stroke. J Intern Med 2010;267(2):191-208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The multicenter acute stroke trial - Europe study group. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase in acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1996;335(3):145-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlan A, Higashida RT, Wechsler L, Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA 1999;282(21):2003-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa A, Mori E, Minematsu K, Randomized trial of intraarterial infusion of urokinase within 6 hours of middle cerebral artery stroke: the middle cerebral artery embolism local fibrinolytic intervention trial (MELT) Japan. Stroke 2007;38(10):2633-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields JD, Khatri P, Nesbit GM, Meta-analysis of randomized intra-arterial thrombolytic trials for the treatment of acute stroke due to middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neuro Intervent Surg 2011;3:151-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hacke W, Albers G, Al-Rawi Y, The Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (DIAS): a phase II MRI-based 9-hour window acute stroke thrombolysis trial with intravenous desmoteplase. Stroke 2005;36(1):66-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlan AJ, Eyding D, Albers GW, Dose Escalation of Desmoteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke (DEDAS): evidence of safety and efficacy 3 to 9 hours after stroke onset. Stroke 2006;37(5):1227-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Activase. Genentech. Available from: http://www.gene.com/gene/products/information/cardiovascular/activase/insert.jsp#top [ Last accessed 29 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Nordt TK, Bode C. Thrombolysis: newer thrombolytic agents and their role in clinical medicine. Heart 2003;89(11):1358-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijken DC, Collen D. Purification and characterization of the plasminogen activator secreted by human melanoma cells in culture. J Biol Chem 1981;256(13):7035-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Therapeutic Drugs. In: Dollery C, editor. 2nd edition. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 1999
   Google Scholar
• Alteplase IV: AHFS Drug Information. Medicines Complete. Available from: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/ [ Last accessed 21 June 2011]
   Google Scholar
• Brenner S. The molecular evolution of genes and proteins: a tale of two serines. Nature 1988;334(6182):528-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ENZYME entry: EC 3.4.21.68. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Available from: http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/nicezyme.pl?3.4.21.68 [ Last accessed 29 December 2010
   Google Scholar
• Tanswell P, Seifried E, Su PC, Pharmacokinetics and systemic effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator in normal subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;46(2):155-62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collen D, Bounameaux H, De Cock F, Analysis of coagulation and fibrinolysis during intravenous infusion of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1986;73(3):511-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brott TG, Haley EC Jr, Levy DE, Urgent therapy for stroke. Part I. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered within 90 minutes. Stroke 1992;23(5):632-40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimple LW, Gold HK, Leinbach RC, Correlation between template bleeding times and spontaneous bleeding during treatment of acute myocardial infarction with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. Circulation 1989;80(3):581-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori E, Minematsu K, Nakagawara J, Yamaguchi T. Factors predicting outcome in stroke patients treated with 0.6 mg/kg alteplase: evidence from Japan Alteplase Clinical Trial (J-ACT). J Stroke Cardiovasc Dis. In Press, Corrected Proof 2011;20(6):517-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tebbe U, Tanswell P, Seifried E, Single-bolus injection of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1989;64(8):448-53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baugham RA. Pharmacokinetics of tissue plasminogen activator. In: Sobel BE, Collen D, Grossbard EB, editors. Tissue plasminogen activator in thrombolytic therapy. 1st edition. Marcel Dekker, New York; 1987. p. 41-53
   Google Scholar
• Verstraete M. Pharmacokinetics of APSAC, TPA and SCU-PA. In: Julian D, Kubler W, Noris W (eds). Thrombolysis in Cardiovascular Disease. Marcel Dekker, New York,1989. p69-86
   Google Scholar
• Seifried E, Tanswell P, Ellbruck F, Pharmacokinetics and haemostatic status during consecutive infusions of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 1989;61(3):497-501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garabedian HD, Gold HK, Leinbach RC, Comparative properties of two clinical preparations of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9(3):599-607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanswell P, Tebbe U, Neuhaus KL, Pharmacokinetics and fibrin specificity of alteplase during accelerated infusions in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19(5):1071-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verstraete M, Bounameaux H, De Cock F, Pharmacokinetics and systematic fibrinogenolytic effects of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt- PA) in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985;235(2):506-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson T, Wallen P, Mellbring G. In vivo metabolism of human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Scand J Haematol 1984;33(1):49-53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanswell P, Seifried E, Stang E, Krause J. Pharmacokinetics and hepatic catabolism of tissue-type plasminogen activator. Arzneimittelforschung 1991;41(12):1310-19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane I, Sandercock P. Alteplase: thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Therapy 2005;2(5):709-16
   Google Scholar
• Wu Z, Van der Werf F, Stassen T, Pharmacokinetics and coronoary thrombolytic properties of two human tissue-type plasminogen activator variants lacking the finger-like, growth factor-like, and first kringle domains (amino acids 6- 173) in a canine model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;16(2):197-203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beebe DP, Aronson DL. Turnover of human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in rabbits. Thromb Res 1986;43(6):663-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emeis JJ, cvan den Hoogen CM, Jense D. Hepatic clearance of tissue-type plasminogen activator in rats. Thromb Haemost 1985;54(3):661-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eppler S, Senn T, Gilkerson E, Modi NB. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator following intravenous administration in rabbits: A comparison of three dosing regimens. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1998;19(1):31-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiefenbrunn AJ, Robinson AK, Kurnik PB, Clinical pharmacology in patients with evolving myocardial infarction of tissue-type plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA technology. Circulation 1985;71(1):110-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford GA, Ahmed N, Azevedo E, Intravenous alteplase for stroke in those older than 80 years old. Stroke 2010;41(11):2568-74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuvers M. Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic drugs. In: Schaefer C, Peters P, Miller RK, editors. Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: Treatment options and risk assessment. 2nd edition. Academic Press, Great Britain; 2007. p. 248
   Google Scholar
• Schaefer C. Anticoagulants and fibrinolytics. In: Schaefer C, Peters P, Miller RK, editors. Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: Treatment options and risk assessment. 2nd edition. Academic Press, Great Britain; 2007. p. 697
   Google Scholar
• Romeo F, Rosano GMC, Martuscelli E, Concurrent nitroglycerin administration reduces the efficacy of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1995;130(4):692-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet 1995;345(8951):669-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell' Infarto Miocardio. Lancet 1994;343(8906):1115-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribo M, Alvarez-Sabin J, Montaner J, Temporal profile of recanalization after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 2006;37(4):1000-4, 697
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado-Mederos R, Rovira A, Alvarez-Sabin J, Speed of tPA-induced clot lysis predicts DWI lesion evolution in acute stroke. Stroke 2007;38:955-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naranja IC, Portilla-Cuenca JC, Caballero PEJ, Fatal intracerebral hemorrhage associated with administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a stroke patient on treatment with dabigatran. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011;32:614-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempfle CE, Hennerici MG. Fibrinolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke for patients on new oral anticoagulant drugs. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011;32:616-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Davalos A, Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet 2007;369(9558):275-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diedler J, Ahmed N, Sykora M, Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy at stroke onset. Stroke 2010;41:288-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lexicomp Online. Lexi-interact. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/crlsql/interact/frameset.jsp [ Last accessed 16 January 2011
   Google Scholar
• Lees KR, Bluhmki E, Von Kummer R, Time to treatment with intravenous alteplase and outcome in stroke: an updated pooled analysis of ECASS, ATLANTIS, NINDS and EPITHET trials. Lancet 2010;375(9727):1695-703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, Del Zoppo GJ. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD000213
   Google Scholar
• Bhatia R, Hill MD, Shobha N, Low rates of acute recanalization with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in ischemic stroke: real-world experience and a call for action. Stroke 2010;41(10):2254-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KY, Han SW, Kim SH, Early recanalization after intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator as assessed by pre- and post-thrombolytic angiography in acute ischemic stroke patients. Stroke 2007;38(1):192-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelter ST, Bonati LH, Lyrer PA. Intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients of > or = 80 versus < 80 years of age—a systematic review across cohort studies. Age Ageing 2006;35:572-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra NK, Ahmed N, Andersen G, Thrombolysis in very elderly people: controlled comparison of SITS International Stroke Thrombolysis Registry and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. BMJ 2010;341:c6046
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Group, The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study, Generalized efficacy of t-PA for acute stroke. Subgroup analysis of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke 1997;28:2119-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meretoja A, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Off-Label thrombolysis is not associated with poor outcome in patients with stroke. Stroke 2010;41:1450-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroke Trials Registry. The Internet Stroke Center. Available from: http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/TrialDetail.aspx?tid=81 [ Last accessed 29 January 2011
   Google Scholar
• Lee M, Hong KS, Saver JL. Efficacy of intra-arterial fibrinolysis for acute ischemic stroke: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2010;41(5):932-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Ponzio M, Intra-arterial or intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke? The SYNTHESIS pilot trial. J Neuro Interv Surg 2010;2(1):74-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IMS II Trial Investigators. The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) II Study. Stroke 2007;38(7):2127-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Eriksson N, Multivariable analysis of outcome predictors and adjustment of main outcome results to baseline data profile in randomized controlled trials: Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-MOnitoring STudy (SITS-MOST). Stroke 2008;39(12):3316-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira AC, Martin PJ, Warburton EA. Thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Postgrad Med J 2001;77(905):166-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prescription Medicine Brands. Boehringer Ingelheim. Available from: http://www.boehringer-ingelheim.co.uk/products/prescription.html [ Last accessed 14 February 2011
   Google Scholar
• Ludlam CA, Bennett B, Fox KA, Guidelines for the use of thrombolytic therapy. Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1995;6(3):273-85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engelter ST, Fluri F, Buitrago-Tellez C, Life-threatening orolingual angioedema during thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol 2005;252(10):1167-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill MD, Barber PA, Takahashi J, Anaphylactoid reactions and angioedema during alteplase treatment of acute ischemic stroke. CMAJ 2000;162(9):1281-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill MD, Lye T, Moss H, Hemi-orolingual angioedema and ACE inhibition after alteplase treatment of stroke. Neurology 2003;60(9):1525-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laubinger R, Guthke K, Erdmann U, Klein U. Angioneurotic orolongual edema associated with the use of rt-PA following a stroke. Anaesthesist 2007;56(10):1024-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinaro G, Gervais N, Adam A. Biochemical basis of angioedema associated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment: an in vitro experiemental approach. Stroke 2002;33(6):1712-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottomeyer C, Sick C, Hennerici MG, Szabo K. Orolingual angioedema associated systemic thrombolysis with rt-PA: An underestimated side effect. Nervenarzt 2009;80(4):459-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafii MS, Koenig M, Ziai WC. Orolingual angioedema associated with ACE inhibitor use after rtPA treatment of acute stroke. Neurology 2005;65(12):1906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Keyser J, Gdovinova Z, Uyttenboogaart M, Intravenous alteplase for stroke: beyond the guidelines and in particular clinical situations. Stroke 2007;38(9):2612-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonhardt G, Gaul C, Nietsch HH, Thrombolytic therapy in pregnancy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2006;21(3):271-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiese KM, Talkad A, Mathews M, Wang D. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a pregnant woman with cardioembolic stroke. Stroke 2006;37(8):2168-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi Y, Kondo T, Ihara M, Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in an 18-week pregnant woman with embolic stroke. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2010;50(5):315-19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar