893
Views
136
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Polyether ionophores: broad-spectrum and promising biologically active molecules for the control of drug-resistant bacteria and parasites

, & , PhD
Pages 109-146 | Published online: 02 Feb 2009

Bibliography

  • Westley JW. Polyether Antibiotics: Naturally Occurring Acid Ionophores, Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1982;1
  • Pressman BC. Biological applications of ionophores. Annu Rev Biochem 1976;45:501-530
  • Pressman BC, Deguzman NT. Biological applications and evolutionary origins of ionophores. Adv Exp Med Biol 1977;84:285-300
  • Lutz WK, Winker FK, Dunitz JD. Crystal Structure of the Antibiotic Monensin Similarities and Differences between Free Acid and Metal Complex. Helv Chim Acta 1972;54(4):1103-8
  • Dorkov P, Pantcheva IN, Sheldrick WS, et al. Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activity of manganese(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of the polyether ionophore antibiotic Sodium Monensin A. J Inorg Biochem 2008;102(1):26-32
  • Hildebrandt J, Meingassner JG, Mieth H. Mode of action of the anticoccidial agent septamycine. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1978;25(3):186-93
  • Pressman BC, Fahim M. Pharmacology and toxicology of the monovalent carboxylic ionophores. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1982;22:465-90
  • Hamill RL, Hoehn MM, Pittenger GE, et al. Dianemycin, an antibiotic of the group affecting ion transport. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1969;22(4):161-4
  • Stern PH. Ionophores. Chemistry, physiology and potential applications to bone biology. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1977;122:273-98
  • Mizutani T, Yamagishi M, Hara H, et al. Lonomycins B and C, two new components of polyether antibiotics. Fermentation, isolation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1980;33(11):1224-30
  • Gachon P, Kergomard A, Staron T, Esteve C. Grisorixin, an ionophorous antibiotic of the nigericin group. I. Fermentation, isolation, biological properties and structure. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1975;28(5):345-50
  • Heisey RM, Putnam AR. Herbicidal effects of geldanamycin and nigericin, antibiotics from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. J Nat Prod 1986;49(5):859-65
  • Lee SJK, Kim HP, Park BK, et al. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of dianemycin isolated from Streptomyces sp. MT 2705-4. Arch Pharmacal Res 1997;20(4):372-4
  • Parfenova H, Haffner J, Leffler CW. Phosphorylation-dependent stimulation of prostanoid synthesis by nigericin in cerebral endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 1999;277:C728-38
  • Mccollum AT, Jafarifar F, Chan R, Guttmann RP. Oxidative stress inhibits ionomycin-mediated cell death in cortical neurons. J Neurosci Res 2004;76(1):104-9
  • Westley JW, Liu CM, Sello LH, et al. Isolation and characterization of antibiotic X-14931A, the naturally occurring 19-deoxyaglycone of dianemycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1984;37(7):813-5
  • Ebata E, Kasahara H, Sekine K, Inoue Y. Lysocellin, a new polyether antibiotic. I. Isolation, purification, physico-chemical and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1975;28(2):118-21
  • Omura S, Shibata M, Machida S, Sawada J. Isolation of a new polyether antibiotic, lonomycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1976;29(1):15-20
  • Funayama S, Nozoe S, Tronquet C, et al. Isolation and structure of a new polyether antibiotic, octacyclomycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1992;45(10):1686-91
  • Kusakabe Y, Mitsuoka S, Omuro Y, Seino A. Antibiotic no. 6016, a polyether antibiotic. J Antibiot (tokyo) 1980;33(12):1437-42
  • Baba YUH, Tsukuda M, Mochimatsu I, et al. Cytostatic effect of inostamycin, an inhibitor of cytidine 5′-diphosphate 1,2-DIACYL-sn-GLYCEROL (CDP-DG): inositol transferase, on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cell Biol Int 2001;25(7):613-20
  • Odai H, Shindo K, Odagawa A, et al. Inostamycins B and C, new polyether antibiotics. J of Antibiot 1994;47(8):939-41
  • Mizutani T, Yamagishi M, Kara H, et al. Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XXIV. Leuseramycin, a new polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. J Antibiot 1980;33(2):137-43
  • Keller-juslen C, King HD, Von Wartburg A. Septamycin, a polyether antibiotic. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization. J Antibiot 1975;28(11):854-9
  • Keller-Juslen C, King HD, Kuhn M, et al. Noboritomycins A and B, new polyether antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1978;31(9):820-8
  • Fehr T, King HD, Kuhn M. Mutalomycin, a new polyether antibiotic taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1977;30(11):903-7
  • Kitame F, Utsushikawa K, Koama T, et al. Laidlomycin, a new antimycoplasmal polyether antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1974;27(11):884-8
  • Alleaume MH. Crystal structure of the thallium salt of the antibiotic grisorixin. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1972;3:175-6
  • Guyot JJ, Jeminet G, Prudhomme M, et al. Interaction of the calcium ionophore A. 23187 (calcimycin) with Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 1993;16(4):192-5
  • Yoo JC, Kim JH, Ha JW, et al. Production and biological activity of laidlomycin, anti-MRSA/VRE antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. CS684. J Microbiol 2007;45(1):6-10
  • Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Barchiesi F, Scalise G. In vitro activity of lytic peptides, inhibitors of ion transport systems and ionophorous antibiotics against Pneumocystis carinii. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998;42(2):141-5
  • Oz HS, Hughes WT, Rehg JE. Efficacy of lasalocid against murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41(1):191-2
  • Delfini LF. The first case of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine treatment discovered in the Republic of Afghanistan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989;83(3):316
  • Schapira A, Beales PF, Halloran ME. Malaria: living with drug resistance. Parasitol 1993;9(5):168-74
  • Geyer M. Antimalarial drug combination therapy report of a who technical consultation world health organization, geneva WHO, 2001 Copyright 2001 by Roll Back Malaria/World Health Organization
  • Trape JF, Pison G, Preziosi MP, et al. Impact of chloroquine resistance on malaria mortality. C R Acad Sci III 1998;321:689-97
  • Kassankogno Y, et al. Combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria in africa? liaison bulletin of the malaria programme WHO/AFRO. 2001;4(1):1-4
  • Gumila C, Ancelin ML, Jeminet G, et al. Differential in vitro activities of ionophore compounds against Plasmodium falciparum and mammalian cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996;40(3):602-8
  • Otoguro K, Kohana A, Manabe C, et al. Potent antimalarial activities of polyether antibiotic, X-206. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2001;54(8):658-63
  • Gumila C, Ancelin ML, Delort AM, et al. Characterization of the potent in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of ionophore compounds. Antimicrob Agets Chemother 1997;41(3):523-9
  • Adovelande J, Schrevel J. Carboxylic ionophores in malaria chemotherapy: the effects of monensin and nigericin on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium vinckei petteri in vivo. Life Sci 1996;59(20):309-15
  • Kawada M, Sumi S, Umezawa K, et al. Circumvention of multidrug resistance in human carcinoma KB cells by polyether antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1992;45(4):556-62
  • Imada A, Nozaki Y, Hasegawa T, et al. Carriomycin, a new polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1978;31(1):7-14
  • Otoguro KI, Aki Ui, Hideaki, et al. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of the monoglycoside polyether antibiotic, K-41 against drug resistant strains of Plasmodia. J antibiot 2002;55(9):832-34
  • Fitch COY. Ferriprotoporphyrin IX, phospholipids, and the antimalarial actions of quinoline drugs Life science. 2004;74(16):1957-72
  • Reeves DC, Liebelt DA, Lakshmanan V, et al. Chloroquine-resistant isoforms of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter acidify lysosomal pH in HEK293 cells more than chloroquine-sensitive isoforms. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2006;150(2):28899
  • Kovac LV, Poliachova Horvath. Ionophores and intact cells. I Valinomycin and nigericin act preferentially on mitochondria and not on the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982;721:341-8
  • Na M, Meujo DAF, Kevin D, et al. A New Antimalarial Polyether from a Marine Streptomyces sp. H668. Tet Lett 2008 (accepted)
  • Conway DP, Johnson JK, Guyonnet V, et al. Efficacy of semduramicin and salinomycin against different stages of Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina in the chicken. Vet Parasitol 1993;45(3-4):215-29
  • Cerruti Sola SLA, Agostini A, Castagnaro M. Efficacy of maduramicin against turkey coccidiosis in battery: a clinical and pathological study. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 1996;138(4):201-6
  • Smith CK 2nd, Strout RG. Eimeria tenella: effect of narasin, a polyether antibiotic on the ultrastructure of intracellular sporozoites. Exp Parasitol 1980;50(3):426-36
  • Munir K, Muneer MA, Tiwari A, et al. Effects of polyether ionophores on the protective immune responses of broiler chickens against Angara disease and Newcastle disease viruses. Vet Res Commun 2007;31(7):909-29
  • Dahlgren C, Karlsson A. Ionomycin-induced neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity is selectively inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002;4(1):17-25
  • Dirlam JP, Belton AM, Bordner J, et al. CP-84,657, a potent polyether anticoccidial related to portmicin and produced by Actinomadura sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1990;43(6):668-79
  • Dirlam JP, Presseau-Linabury L, Koss DA. The structure of CP-80, 219, a new polyether antibiotic related to dianemycin. J antibiot 1990;43(6):727-30
  • Takahashi Y, Nakamura H, Ogata R, et al. Kijimicin, a polyether antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1990;43(4):441-3
  • Dirlam JP, Belton AM, Bordner J, et al. CP-82, 009, a potent polyether anticoccidial related to septamycin and produced by Actinomadura. J Antibiot 1992;45(3)331-40
  • Oscarson JR, Bordner J, Celmer WD, et al. Endusamycin, a novel polycyclic ether antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces endus subsp. aureus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1989;42(1):37-48
  • Liu CM, Hermann TE, Downey A, et al. Novel polyether antibiotics X-14868A, B, C, and D produced by a Nocardia. Discovery, fermentation, biological as well as ionophore properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1983;36(4):343-50
  • Flanigan TP. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and cryptosporidiosis: protective immune responses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994;50(5 Suppl):29-35
  • Fujikawa H, Miyakawa H, Iguchi K, et al. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis as an initial manifestation in a previously healthy Japanese patient with AIDS. J Gastroenterol 2002;37(10):840-3
  • Lim YA, Rohela M, Sim BL, et al. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients in Kajang Hospital, Selangor. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005;36(Suppl 4):30-3
  • Blagburn BL, Sundermann CA, Lindsay DS, et al. Inhibition of Cryptosporidium parvum in neonatal Hsd:(ICR)BR Swiss miceby polyether ionophores and aromatic amidines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 199;35(7):1520-3
  • You X, Schinazi RF, Arrowood MJ, et al. In-vitro activities of paromomycin and lasalocid evaluated in combination against Cryptosporidium parvum. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998;41(2):293-6
  • Mcdonald V, Stables R, Warhurst DC, et al. In vitro cultivation of Cryptosporidium parvum and screening for anticryptosporidial drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990;34(8):1498-500
  • Tzipori SR, Campbell I, Angus KW. The therapeutic effect of 16 antimicrobial agents on Cryptosporidium infection in mice. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1982;60(Pt 2):187-90
  • Folz SD, Lee BL, Nowakowski LH, Conder GA. Anticoccidial evaluation of halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and salinomycin. Vet Parasitol 1988;28(1-2):1-9
  • Woods KM, Nesterenko MV, Upton SJ. Efficacy of 101 antimicrobials and other agents on the development of Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1996;90(6):603-15
  • Mead JR, You X, Pharr JE, et al. Evaluation of maduramicin and alborixin in a SCID mouse model of chronic cryptosporidiosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39(4):854-8
  • Fleck WF, Strauss DG, Meyer J, Porstendorfer G. Fermentation, isolation, and biological activity of maduramycin: a new antibiotic from Actinomadura rubra. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1978;18(6):389-98
  • Soete M, Fortier B, Camus D, Dubremetz JF. Toxoplasma gondii: kinetics of bradyzoite-tachyzoite interconversion in vitro. Exp Parasitol 1993;76(3):259-64
  • Fruth IA, Arrizabalaga G. Toxoplasma gondii: induction of egress by the potassium ionophore nigericin. Int J Parasitol 2007;37(14):1559-67
  • Carrada-bravo T. Toxoplasmosis. A public health problem. Advances and perspectives. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1983;40(7):353-62
  • Wong SY, Remington JS. Biology of Toxoplasma gondii. Aids 1993;7(3):299-316
  • Couzinet S, Dubremetz JF, David L, Prensier G. Toxoplasma gondii: activity of the polyether ionophorous antibiotic nigericin on tachyzoites in cell culture. Exp Parasitol 1994;78(4):341-51
  • Couzinet S, Dubremetz JF, Buzoni-Gatel D, et al. In vitro activity of the polyether ionophorous antibiotic monensin against the cyst form of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol 2000;12:359-65
  • Ricketts AP, Pfefferkorn ER. Toxoplasma gondii: susceptibility and development of resistance to anticoccidial drugs in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37(11):2358-63
  • Mahmoudi N, Garcia-Domenech R, Galvez J, et al. New active drugs against liver stages of Plasmodium predicted by molecular topology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52(4):1215-20
  • Oh JH, O'malley KL, Krajewski S, et al. Bax accelerates staurosporine-induced but suppresses nigericin-induced neuronal cell death. Neuroreport 1997;8(8):1851-6
  • Baibakov BAF, Frank G, Margolis L, et al. Antitumor effect of potassium/hydrogen antiporter nigericin on human lung carcinoma grown in in vivo-like histocultures. Int J Oncol 1993;3(6):1127-9
  • Steinrauf LK, Pinkerton M, Chamberlin JW. The structure of nigericin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1968;33(1):29-31
  • Tomio T, Arisuke W, Munekazu I, et al. Antimalarial agents containing kijimicin. JP2001278787; 2001
  • Huskinson-mark J, Araujo FG, Remington JS. Evaluation of the effect of drugs on the cyst form of Toxoplasma gondii. J Infect Dis 1991;164(1):170-1
  • Sarciron ME, Petavy PL, Peyron AF. Alterations of Toxoplasma gondii Induced by 2′,3′-Dideoxyinosine In vitro. J Parasitol 1998;84(5):1055-9
  • Lindsay DS, Rippey NS, Cole RA, et al. Examination of the activities of 43 chemotherapeutic agents against Neospora caninum tachyzoites in cultured cells. Am J Vet Res 1994;55(7):976-81
  • Nakamura M, Ohno T, Kunimoto S, et al. Kijimicin: an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus in acutely and chronically infected cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1991;44(5):569-71
  • Yamauchi T, Nakamura M, Honma H, et al. Mechanistic effects of kijimicin on inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication. Mol Cell Biochem 1993;119(1-2):35-41
  • Nakamura M, Kunimoto S, Takahashi Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of polyethers on human immunodeficiency virus replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36(2):492-4
  • Pal R, Gallo RC, Sarngadharan MG. Processing of the structural proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the presence of monensin and cerulenin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85(23):9283-6
  • Robin L, Dewar MB, Vasudevachari V, et al. Biosynthesis and Processing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins: Effects of Monensin on Glycosylation and Transport. J Virol 1989;63(6):2452-6
  • Otake NT, Ogita H, Nakayama H, et al. X-Ray crystal structure of the thallium salt of antibiotic-6016, a new polyether ionophore. J Chem Soc Chem Comm 1978;875-876
  • Nakamura M, Kunimoto S, Kawashima H, et al. Inhibitory effect of laidlomycin on human immunodeficiency virus replication. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2000;53(9):975-8
  • Lage H. ABC-transporters: implications on drug resistance from Microorganisms to human cancers. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003;22(3):188-9915
  • Gyemant N, Tanaka M, Molnar P, et al. Reversal of multidrug resistance of cancer cells in vitro: modification of drug resistance by selected carotenoids. Anticancer Res 2006;26(1A):367-74
  • Simizu S, Tanabe K, Tashiro E, et al. Potentiation of paclitaxel cytotoxicity by inostamycin in human small cell lung carcinoma, Ms-1 cells. Jpn J Canc Res Gann 1998;89(9):970-6
  • Kawada M, Umezawa K. Long-lasting Accumulation, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama. Jpn J Canc Res Gann 1991;82(10):1160-4
  • Margolis LB, Novikova IY, Rozovskaya IA, Skulachev VP. K+/H+-antiporter nigericin arrests DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:6626-9
  • Miyake H, Hara I, Yamanaka K, et al. Calcium ionophore, ionomycin inhibits growth of human bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo with alteration of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels. J Urol 1999;162(3):916-21
  • Atef M, Youssef S, Eld AH, et al. Some cardiovascular effects of monensin. Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift 1986;93(2):81-4
  • David L, Leal Ayala H, Tabet JC. Abierixin, a new polyether antibiotic. Production, structural determination and biological activities. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1985;38(12):1655-63
  • Moins N, Gachon P, Maublant J, Duchene-Marullaz P. Hemodynamic effects of grisorixin, a monocarboxylic ionophore. Arch Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie 1982;260(1):104-14
  • Chollet-debord F, Moins N, Renoux M, Gachon P. Effects of the ionophore grisorixin on myocardial function and metabolism in isolated perfused working rat heart under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1986;64(5):631-40
  • Gachon P, Moins N. The cardiovascular effects of two monocarboxylic inophores, grisorixin and alborixin, in anesthetized guinea-pigs. Arzneimittelforschung 1980;30(9):1502-7
  • Moins N, Gachon P, Duchene-Marullaz P. Effects of two monocarboxylic ionophores, grisorixin and alborixin, on cardiovascular function and plasma cation concentrations in the anesthetized dog. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1979;1(6):659-71
  • Tsuchida K, Kaneko K, Aihara H, Chiba S. Cardiovascular effects of an ionophorous antibiotic, lonomycin A, in anesthetized dogs. Jpn J Pharmacol 1985;38(1):109-12
  • Munir KM, Khan MA. Immunomodulatory effects of salinomycin sodium in broiler chickens. Pakistan Vet J 1994;14(4):171-9
  • Chatila T, Silverman L, Miller R, Geha R. Mechanisms of T cell activation by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. J Immunol 1989;143(4):1283-9
  • Czerwinski EW, Steinrauf LK. Structure of the antibiotic dianemycin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971;45(5):1284-7
  • Delhomme C, Kergomard A, Kergomard G, Staron T. Alborixin, a new antibiotic ionophore: taxonomy, isolation and biological properties. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1976;29(7):692-5
  • Alleaume MB, Farges B, Gachon C, et al. T. X-ray structure of alborixin, a new antibiotic ionophore. J Chem Soc Chem Com 1975;11:4112
  • Folz SD, Nowakowski LH, Lee BL, et al. Anticoccidial activity of alborixin. J Parasitol 1987;73(1):29-35
  • Crance JM, Gratier D, Guimet J, Jouan A. Inhibition of sandfly fever Sicilian virus (Phlebovirus) replication in vitro by antiviral compounds. Res Virol 1997;365:148:353
  • Rehg JE. Anticryptosporidial activity of lasalocid and other ionophorous antibiotics in immunosuppressed rats. J Infect Dis 1993;168(6):1566-9
  • Gurbanov KG, Kovalev GV, Paperno AA. Experimental study of the cardiac and hemodynamic effects of the carboxylic ionophore monensin. Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow) 1990;53(3):17-19
  • Agtarap A, Chamberlin JW, Pinkerton M, Steinrauf L. The structure of monensic acid, a new biologically active compound. J Am Chem Soc 1967;89(22):5737-9
  • Johansen CH, Bjerrum L, Pedersen K. Impact of salinomycin on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Acta Vet Scand 2007;49(1):30
  • Fujita T, Majima H, Itoh T, Sano H. Combined effect of salinomycin and feeding on whole body glucose kinetics in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet. Reprod Nutr Dev 2006;46(5):503-14
  • Kyriakis SC, Sarris K, Kritas SK, et al. The effect of salinomycin on the control of Clostridium perfringens type-A infection in growing pigs. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1995;42(6):355-9
  • Edrington TS, Callaway TR, Varey PD, et al. Effects of the antibiotic ionophores monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin propionate and bambermycin on Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2003;94(2):207-13
  • Brasseur P, Lemeteil D, Ballet JJ. Anti-cryptosporidial drug activity screened with an immunosuppressed rat model. J Protozool 1991;38(6):230S-1S
  • Lemeteil D, Roussel F, Favennec L, et al. Assessment of candidate anticryptosporidial agents in an immunosuppressed rat model. J Infect Dis 1993;167(3):766-8
  • Johnson SM, Herrin J, Liu SJ, Paul IC. The crystal and molecular structure of the barium salt of an antibiotic containing a high proportion of oxygen. J Am Chem Soc 1970;92(14):4428-35
  • Westley JW, Blount JF, Evans RH Jr, et al. Biosynthesis of lasalocid II X-ray analysis of a naturally occurring isomer of lasalocid A. J Antibiot 1974;27(8):597-604
  • Hatsu M, Sasaki T, Miyadoh S, et al. SF2487, a new polyether antibiotic produced by Actinomadura. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1990;43(3):259-66
  • Miyagami T, Takei Y, Matsumoto Y, et al. An in vitro study on the toxoplasmacidal activity of lonomycin A in host cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(2):218-23
  • Zhao JZ, Yaoying LI, Haixian Zeng, et al. Mechanisms underlying induction of IL-2 secretion by PDB plus ionomycin in CD4+CD25+ T cells from cord blood and adult peripheral blood. Zhongguo Bingli Shengli Zazhi 2006;22(6):1133-7
  • Takeuchi TT, Kensei Yoshimoto. Human T cell culture in the presence of TPA, ionomycin and anti-CD3 antibody for screening BAFF suppressor or inhibitor. WO2006030802; 2006
  • Holmes AG, Watt MJ, Carey AL, Febbraio MA. Ionomycin, but not physiologic doses of epinephrine, stimulates skeletal muscle interleukin-6 mRNA expression and protein release. Metabolism 2004;53(11):1492-5
  • Park HJ, Makepeace CM, Lyons JC, Song CW. Effect of intracellular acidity and ionomycin on apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Eur J Cancer 1996;32A(3):540-6
  • Moins N, Gachon P, Maublant J. Myocardial imaging in dogs treated with grisorixin: relationship between thallium-201 uptake and coronary blood flow. J Nucl Med 1982;23(4):330-6
  • Westley J. Polyether Antibiotics, For Improving, Cardiovascular Function. US4058620; 1977
  • Strout RGO, Eimeria Tenella. Screening of chemotherapeutic compounds in cell cultures. Exp Parasitol 1973;33(3):477-85
  • Gorman MH, Robert L. Treating coccidiosis with antibiotic X206. US3627883;1971
  • Gale C, McDouglas LR. US 3995027;1976
  • Blount JFE, Ralph H Jr, LIU, et al. X-ray structure of Ro 21-6150, a polyether antibiotic related to Dianemycin. J Chem Soc Chem Com 1975;20:853-5
  • Matsuno TH, Fumio Yamazaki. Anticoccidial activity of a new polyether antibiotic, carriomycin, in battery trial. Takeda 1982;43(3/4):192-3
  • Williams RD, Power Carl. Method for combating swine dysentery. EP250134; 1987
  • Nakayama HO, Noboru Miyamae, Hiroshi, et al. Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. Part 14. Crystal and molecular structure of the thallium salt of carriomycin. J Chem Soc, Perkin Transactions 2. Physic Org Chem 1979(3):293-5
  • Omura SO, Kazuhiko Yamada. Polyether antibiotic K-41 as an antimalarial. JP2003335667; 2003
  • Otake NM, Koenuma H, Kinashi S, Sato Y. The crystal and molecular structure of the silver salt of lysocellin, a new polyether antibiotic J.C.S. Chem Comm 1975:92-93
  • Ishiguro T. inventor Antibiotic K-41 as acaricide. JP53020420; 1978
  • Shiro MN, Hiroshi Nagashima, et al. X-ray determination of the structure of the polyether antibiotic K-41. Journal of the Chemical Society. Chem Comm 1978;16:682-3
  • Nakatsukasa WM, Marconi GG, Neuss N, Hamill RL. Desoxynarasin antibiotics. US4141907; 1979
  • Bernan VS, Montenegro DA, Goodman JJ, et al. Martinomycin, a new polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces salvialis. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1994;47(12):1434-41
  • Cullen WP, Celmer WD, Chappel LR, et al. CP-54, 883 a novel chlorine-containing polyether antibiotic produced by a new species of actinomadura: taxonomy of the producing culture, fermentation, physico-chemical and biological properties of the antibiotic. J Antibiot 1987;40(11):1490-5
  • Westley John W, Blount John F, Evans RH Jr, et al. C-17 epimers of deoxy-(O-8)-salinomycin from Streptomyces albus (ATCC 21838). J Antibiot 1977;30(7):610-12
  • Liu Chao-Min, Westley J. Deoxy-(0-8)-epi-17-salinomycin. US4137241; 1979
  • Dirlam JP, Cullen WP, Huang LH, et al. CP-91,243 and CP-91,244, novel diglycoside polyether antibiotics related to UK-58,852 and produced by mutants of Actinomadura roseorufa. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1991;44(11):1262-6
  • Dirlam JP, Bordner J, Chang SP, et al. The isolation and structure of CP-120,509, a new polyether antibiotic related to semduramicin and produced by mutants of Actinomadura roseorufa. J Antibiot 1992;45(9):1544-8
  • Westley JW, Liu CM, Blount JF, et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel polyether antibiotic of the pyrrolether class, antibiotic X-14885A. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1983;36(10):1275-8
  • Kusakabe Y, Takahashi N, Iwagaya Y, Seino A. Portmicin, a new antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987;40(2):237-8
  • Liu C, Hermann TE, Liu M, et al. Novel polyether antibiotics X-14667A and X-14667B from Streptomyces cinnamonensis subsp. urethanofaciens. Discovery, fermentation, biological as well as ionophore properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(10):1241-8
  • Dirlam JP, Bordner J, Cullen WP, et al. The structure of CP -96,797, a polyether antibiotic related to K-41A and produced by Streptomyces sp. J Antibiot 1992;45(7):1187-9
  • Nakayama H, Seto H, Otake N, et al. Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XXVIII. Moyukamycin, a new glycosylated polyether antibiotic. J Antibiot 1985;38(10):1433-6
  • Liu CM, Hermann TE, Prosser BL, et al. X-14766A, a halogen containing polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces malachitofuscus subsp. downeyi ATCC 31547. Discovery, fermentation, biological properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(2):133-8
  • Westley JW, Evans RH Jr, Sello, et al. Isolation and characterization of the first halogen containing polyether antibiotic X-14766A, a product of Streptomyces malachitofuscus subsp. downeyi. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(2):139-47
  • Caffarel-mendez S, Demuynck C, Jeminet G. [In vitro study of various ionophore antibiotics and some of their derivatives. II. Characterization of the ionophore properties of the compounds in a model system for Na+ and K+ ions]. Reprod Nutr Dev 1987;27(5):921-8
  • Leblanc D, Morin A, Daigneault J. Comparative effect of salinomycin and monensin on Streptococcus bovis strain ATCC 9809. Microbios 1993;76(306):41-5
  • Sanyal SN, Sharma P, Kanwar SS. Oxidative effects of Na+-specific ionophore monensin on the rat epididymis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2007;30(4):411-23
  • Euzeby J. The epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis. Bull Acad Natl Med 2002;186(5):837-47
  • Gomez L, Jouany JP. Effects of lasalocid and cationomycin on the evolution of certain parameters in the blood plasma of sheep. Arch Tierernahr 1994;46(3):283-93
  • Griffin T, Rybak ME, Recht L, et al. Potentiation of antitumor immunotoxins by liposomal monensin. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85(4):292-8
  • Recht LD, Raso V, Davis R, Salmonsen R. Immunotoxin sensitivity of Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human transferrin receptors with differing internalization rates. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1996;42(6):357-61
  • Caridha D, Yourick D, Cabezas M, et al. Mefloquine-induced disruption of calcium homeostasis in mammalian cells is similar to that induced by ionomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52(2):684-93
  • Carson J, Statham P. The inhibition by ionophores in vitro of an Enterococcus-like pathogen of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Vet Microbiol 1993;36(3-4):253-9
  • Walba D, Hermsmeier M, Haltiwanger C, et al. Crystal structures of monensin B lithium and silver salts. J Org Chem 1986;51(2):245-7
  • Mitani M, Umetsu T, Yamanishi T. Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. VIII. Effects of monovalent and divalent cation ionophores on blood platelets. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1977;30(3):239-43
  • Haney ME, Jr Hoehn. Monensin, a new biologically active compound. Antimicrob Agents chemother 1967;349-52
  • Mitani M, Koenuma M, Otake N. Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XII. Effects of ionophore lysocellin on cation distribution and respiration in mitochondria. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1977;30(10):829-35
  • Grafe U, Schlegel R, Stengel C, et al. Isolation and structure of 26-deoxylaidlomycin, a new polyether antibiotic from Streptoverticillium olivoreticuli. J Basic Microbiol 1989;29(3):149-55
  • Imoto MK, Umezawa Y, Takahashi H, et al. Takeuchi:Isolation and structure determination of inostamycin, a novel inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol. Natl Prod 1990;53:825-9
  • Finkel TH, Pabst MJ, Suzuki H, et al. Priming of neutrophils and macrophages for enhanced release of superoxide anion by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Implications for regulation of the respiratory burst. J Biol Chem 1987;262(26):12589-96
  • Vial HJ, Thuet MJ, Philippot JR. Inhibition of the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum by D vitamins and vitamin D-3 derivatives. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1982;5:189-98
  • Liu CM, Westley JW, Palleroni NJ, et al. X-14934A, a novel polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces. Program and Abstracts of the 27th Intersci. Conf. on Antimicrob. Agents Chemother No. 1007. p. 272
  • Dorman DE, Hamill RL, Occolowitz JL, et al. Structure of polyether antibiotic A28695B. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1980;33(2):252-5
  • Smith II, Ck Strout. Eimeria tenella: Accumulation and retention of anticoccidial ionophores by extracellular sporozoites. Exp Parasitol 1979;48(3):325-30
  • Carter GT, Schlingmann G, Kenion GB, et al. Martinomycin, a new polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces salvialis. II. Isolation and structure determination. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1994;47(12):1549-53
  • Tsuji N, Terui Y, Nagashima K, et al. New polyether antibiotics, A-130B and A-130C. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1980;33(1):94-7
  • Available from: http://chemdb.niaid.nih.gov/struct_search/class/class_many.asp?class=POLYETHERS
  • David L, Leal Ayala, H Tabet. Abierixin, a new polyether antibiotic. Production, structural determination and biological activities. J Antibiot 1985;38(12):1655-63
  • Kergomard DL. A Production by controlled biosynthesis of a novel ionophore antibiotic, cezomycin (demethylamino A23187). J antibiot 1982;35(10):1409-11
  • Westley JW, Cm LIU, Blount JF, et al. Isolation and characterization of four polyether antibiotics, X-14889A, B, C, and D, closely related to lysocellin and the ferensimycins. J antibiot 1993;46(2):280-6
  • Westley JW, Liu CM, Blount JF, et al. Isolation and characterization of three novel polyether antibiotics and three novel actinomycins as cometabolites of the same Streptomyces sp. X-14873, ATCC 31679. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1986;39(12):1704-11
  • Kinashi H, Otake N, Yonehara H, et al. The structure of salinomycin, a new member of the polyether antibiotics. Tet Lett 1973;49:4955-8
  • Westley JW, Benz W, Donahue J, et al. Biosynthesis of lasalocid. III. Isolation and structure determination of four homologs of lasalocid A. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1974;27(10):744-53
  • Tadashi N, Yukio T, Yuko K, et al. Novel antibiotic substance SF-2361, production and used thereof. JP61260888; 1986
  • Sasaki Toru. A New Antibiotic SF2324 Produced by Actinomadura. JP60130394; 1985
  • Berg DH, Hamill RL. The isolation and characterization of narasin, a new polyether antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1978;31(1):1-6
  • Liu WC, Slusarchyk DS, Astle G, et al. Ionomycin, a new polyether antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1978;31(9):815-9S
  • Gachon P, Kergomard A. Grisorixin, an ionophorous antibiotic of the nigericin group. II. Chemical and structural study of grisorixin and some derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1975;28(5):351-7
  • Nakamura G, Kobayashi K, Sakurai T, et al. sp J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1981;34(11):1513-4
  • Chaney MO, Demarco PV, Jones ND, Occolowitz JL. Structure of A23187, a divalent cation ionophore. J Am chem Soc 1974;96:1932-3
  • Westley JW, Evan RH, et al. Structure of antibiotic X- 14547 a carboxylic acid polyether produced by Streptomyces antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 1978;100:6784-8786
  • Blount JF, Westley JW. X-ray crystal and molecular structure of the antibiotic X-206. Chem Commun 1975: 533
  • Hamill and Hoehn Antibiotics A28695 A and A28695 B and a process for production thereof. US3839558; 1974
  • Akira S, Yukio M, Kiyoshi T, et al. SY-1 substance. US4138496; 1979
  • Walter NM, Gary GM, Norbert N. Process for producing deoxynarasin antibiotics. US4204039; 1978
  • Hauske JR, Kostek G. Structure elucidation of a new polyether antibiotic iso-dianemycin.J of Org Chem 1989;54(14):3500-4
  • Westley JW, Liu C, Sello LH, et al. Isolation and characterization of antibotic A-14931A, the naturally occurring 19-deoxyaglycone of dianemycin. J of Antibiot 1984;37(7):813-15
  • Gorman M, Chamberlin JW, Hamill RL. Compounds related to monensin. Antimicr Agent Chemoth 1967:363-8
  • Jones ND, Chaney MO, Chamberlin JW, et al. Chen Structure of A204A, a new polyether antibiotic. J Am Chem Soc 1973;95:3399-3400
  • Tsuji N, Nagashima K, Terui Y, Tori K. Structure of K-41B, a new diglycoside polyether antibiotic. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1979;32(2):169-72
  • Tsuji N, Nagashima K, Kobayashi M, et al. Two new antibiotics, A-218 and K-41. Isolation and characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1976;29(1):10
  • Nakatsukasa Walter, Hamill M, Robert L. Antibiotic A-28086 factor D. US4110435; 1978
  • Occolowitz JL, Berg DH, Debono M, Hamill RL. The structure of narasin and a related ionophore. Biomed Mass Spec 1976;3(6):272-7
  • Celmer WD, Cullen WP, Moppett CE, et al. US4,081,532;1978
  • Ruddock J, Cornish DR, Cullen WP, et al. EP0169011;1986

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.