Insights on adjuvant endocrine therapy for premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer

References

• Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK et al. Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.353(17), 1784–1792 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson WF, Chatterjee N, Ershler WB et al. Estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.76(1), 27–36 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toft D, Gorski J. A receptor molecule for estrogens: isolation from the rat uterus and preliminary characterization. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA55(6), 1574–1581 (1966).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speirs V. Oestrogen receptor β in breast cancer: good, bad or still too early to tell? J. Pathol.197(2), 143–147 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.25(1), 118–145 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris B, Chia S, Cheang M et al. Poor 10 year breast cancer specific survival and relapse free survival for HER2 positive T1N0 tumors. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.100(Suppl. 1), 2031 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B et al. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.353(16), 1659–1672 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.353(16), 1673–1684 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N et al. BCIRG 006: 2nd interim analysis Phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (AC-T) with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab (AC-TH) with docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH) in Her2neu positive early breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.100(Suppl. 1), 52 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Joensuu H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Bono P et al. Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.354(8), 809–820 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature406(6797), 747–752 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorlie T, Wang Y, Xiao C et al. Distinct molecular mechanisms underlying clinically relevant subtypes of breast cancer: gene expression analyses across three different platforms. BMC Genomics7, 127 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA98(19), 10869–10874 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel MJ, Stadler Z, Masciari S et al. Prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in triple negative breast cancer (BC). J. Clin. Oncol.24, S18 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Halsted WS. The results of radical operation for the cure of carcinoma of the breast. Ann. Surg.46, 1–19 (1907).
   Google Scholar
• Beatson G. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment with illustrative cases. Lancet2, 104–107 (1896).
   Google Scholar
• Cole MP. The place of radiotherapy in the management of early breast cancer. A report of two clinical trials. Br. J. Surg.51, 216–220 (1964).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher B, Ravdin RG, Ausman RK et al. Surgical adjuvant chemotherapy in cancer of the breast: results of a decade of cooperative investigation. Ann. Surg.168(3), 337–356 (1968).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albain KS, Green SJ, Ravdin PM et al. Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy for primary breast cancer should be sequential instead of concurrent: initial results from intergroup trial 0100 (SWOG-8814). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.21, A37 (2002) (Abstract 143).
   Google Scholar
• Harris EE, Christensen VJ, Hwang WT et al. Impact of concurrent versus sequential tamoxifen with radiation therapy in early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing breast conservation treatment. J. Clin. Oncol.23(1), 11–16 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce LJ, Hutchins LF, Green SR et al. Sequencing of tamoxifen and radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in early-stage breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.23(1), 24–29 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elledge RM, Allred DC. Clinical aspects of estrogen and progesterone receptors. In: Diseases of the Breast. Harris JR, Lippmann ME, Morrow M et al. (Eds). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, PA, USA 603–617 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Dowsett M. Estrogen receptor: methodology matters. J. Clin. Oncol.24(36), 5626–5628 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nkoy FL, Hammond E, Rees W et al. Day of surgery affects estrogen receptor test results in women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.88(Suppl. 1), 5107 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Allred DC, Bryant J, Land S et al. Estrogen receptor expression as a predictive marker of the effectiveness of tamoxifen in the treatment of DCIS: findings from the NSABP Protocol B-24. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.76(Suppl. 1), 30 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Harvey JM, Clark GM, Osborne CK et al. Estrogen receptor status by immunohistochemistry is superior to the ligand-binding assay for predicting response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.17(5), 1474–1481 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet365(9472), 1687–1717 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love RR, Duc NB, Allred DC et al. Oophorectomy and tamoxifen adjuvant therapy in premenopausal Vietnamese and Chinese women with operable breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.20(10), 2559–2566 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelan EA, Sandler DP, McConnaughey DR et al. Menstrual and reproductive characteristics and age at natural menopause. Am. J. Epidemiol.131(4), 625–632 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bines J, Oleske DM, Cobleigh MA. Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.14(5), 1718–1729 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagani O, O’Neill A, Castiglione M et al. Prognostic impact of amenorrhoea after adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients with axillary node involvement: results of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial VI. Eur. J. Cancer34(5), 632–640 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrek JA, Naughton MJ, Case LD et al. Incidence, time course, and determinants of menstrual bleeding after breast cancer treatment: a prospective study. J. Clin. Oncol.24(7), 1045–1051 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowsett M, Richner J. Effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on ovarian and adrenal steroidogenesis in pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. Oncology48(3), 215–220 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith IE, Dowsett M, Yap YS et al. Adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer after chemotherapy-induced amenorrhoea: caution and suggested guidelines. J. Clin. Oncol.24(16), 2444–2447 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson EA Jr, Siiteri PK. The involvement of human placental microsomal cytochrome P-450 in aromatization. J. Biol. Chem.249(17), 5373–5378 (1974).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonning PE. Exemestane: a review of its clinical efficacy and safety. Breast10(3), 198–208 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes BP, Dowsett M, Miller WR et al. The pharmacology of letrozole. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.87(1), 35–45 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet351(9114), 1451–1467 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colleoni M, Rotmensz N, Peruzzotti G et al. Role of endocrine responsiveness and adjuvant therapy in very young women (below 35 years) with operable breast cancer and node negative disease. Ann. Oncol.17(10), 1497–1503 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aebi S, Gelber S, Castiglione-Gertsch M et al. Is chemotherapy alone adequate for young women with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer? Lancet355(9218), 1869–1874 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Sauerbrei W et al. Goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: the Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association study. J. Clin. Oncol.20(24), 4628–4635 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid P, Untch M, Wallwiener D et al. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) versus hormonal ablation with leuprorelin acetate as adjuvant treatment of node-positive, premenopausal breast cancer patients: preliminary results of the TABLE-study (Takeda Adjuvant Breast Cancer Study with Leuprorelin Acetate). Anticancer Res.22(4), 2325–2332 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castiglione-Gertsch M, O’Neill A, Price KN et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by goserelin versus either modality alone for premenopausal lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomized trial. J. Natl Cancer Inst.95(24), 1833–1846 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Minckwitz G, Graf E, Geberth M et al. CMF versus goserelin as adjuvant therapy for node-negative, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer in premenopausal patients: a randomised trial (GABG trial IV-A-93). Eur. J. Cancer42(12), 1780–1788 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Amoroso D et al. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression as adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive pre-/perimenopausal breast cancer patients: results of the Italian Breast Cancer Adjuvant Study Group 02 randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol.18(14), 2718–2727 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakesz R, Hausmaninger H, Kubista E et al. Randomized adjuvant trial of tamoxifen and goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: evidence for the superiority of treatment with endocrine blockade in premenopausal patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer – Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5. J. Clin. Oncol.20(24), 4621–4627 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche H, Kerbrat P, Bonneterre J et al. Complete hormonal blockade versus epirubicin-based chemotherapy in premenopausal, one to three node-positive, and hormone-receptor positive, early breast cancer patients: 7-year follow-up results of French Adjuvant Study Group 06 randomised trial. Ann. Oncol.17(8), 1221–1227 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arriagada R, Le MG, Spielmann M et al. Randomized trial of adjuvant ovarian suppression in 926 premenopausal patients with early breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann. Oncol.16(3), 389–396 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson NE, O’Neill AM, Vukov AM et al. Chemoendocrine therapy for premenopausal women with axillary lymph node-positive, steroid hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: results from INT 0101 (E5188). J. Clin. Oncol.23(25), 5973–5982 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Placido S, De Laurentiis M, De Lena M et al. A randomised factorial trial of sequential doxorubicin and CMF vs CMF and chemotherapy alone vs chemotherapy followed by goserelin plus tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer92(3), 467–474 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet359(9324), 2131–2139 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Puntoni M et al. Switching to anastrozole versus continued tamoxifen treatment of early breast cancer: preliminary results of the Italian Tamoxifen Anastrozole Trial. J. Clin. Oncol.23(22), 5138–5147 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakesz R, Jonat W, Gnant M et al. Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anastrozole after 2 years’ adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial. Lancet366(9484), 455–462 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S et al. A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.349(19), 1793–1802 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurlimann B, Keshaviah A, Coates AS et al. A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.353(26), 2747–2757 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.350(11), 1081–1092 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakesz R, Samonigg H, Greil R et al. Extended adjuvant treatment with anastrozole: results from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 6a (ABCSG 6a). ASCO Meeting Abstracts23(Suppl. 16), 527 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Mamounas E, Jeong JH, Wickerham L et al. Benefit from exemestane (EXE) as extended adjuvant therapy after 5 years of tamoxifen (TAM): intent-to treat analysis of NSABP B-33. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.100(Suppl. 1), 49 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzdar AU, Guastalla JP, Nabholtz JM et al. Impact of chemotherapy regimens prior to endocrine therapy: results from the ATAC (Anastrozole and Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial. Cancer107(3), 472–480 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates AS, Keshaviah A, Thurlimann B et al. Five years of letrozole compared with tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: update of study BIG 1–98. J. Clin. Oncol.25(5), 486–492 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coombes RC, Kilburn LS, Snowdon CF et al. Survival and safety of exemestane versus tamoxifen after 2–3 years’ tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet369(9561), 559–570 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Guglielmini P et al. Switching to anastrozole versus continued tamoxifen treatment of early breast cancer. Updated results of the Italian tamoxifen anastrozole (ITA) trial. Ann. Oncol.17(Suppl. 7), 10–14 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Amoroso D et al. Sequential tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide versus tamoxifen alone in the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients: results of an Italian cooperative study. J. Clin. Oncol.19(22), 4209–4215 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Aldrighetti D et al. Switching to an aromatase inhibitor provides mortality benefit in early breast carcinoma: pooled analysis of 2 consecutive trials. Cancer109(6), 1060–1067 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann M, Jonat W, Hilfrich J et al. Improved overall survival in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer after anastrozole initiated after 2 years of treatment with tamoxifen compared with continued tamoxifen: the ARNO 95 study. J. Clin. Oncol.25(19), 1–7 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonat W, Gnant M, Boccardo F et al. Effectiveness of switching from adjuvant tamoxifen to anastrozole in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early-stage breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol.7(12), 991–996 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingle JN, Tu D, Pater JL et al. Duration of letrozole treatment and outcomes in the placebo-controlled NCIC CTG MA.17 extended adjuvant therapy trial. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.99(3), 295–300 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garreau JR, Delamelena T, Walts D et al. Side effects of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen: the patients’ perspective. Am. J. Surg.192(4), 496–498 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barron TI, Connolly R, Bennett K et al. Early discontinuation of tamoxifen: a lesson for oncologists. Cancer109(5), 832–839 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowsett M, Allred DC. Relationship between quantitative ER and PgR expression and HER2 status with recurrence in the ATAC trial. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.100(Suppl. 1), 48 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Stebbing J, Stearns V, Davidson NE. Role of CYP2D6 testing in selection of endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics8(1), 1–3 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardi A, Zamagni C, Di Fabrio F et al. Randomized comparative study on estrogen suppression induced by 3 different aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.21, 217 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Dixon JM, Renshaw L, Young O et al. Letrozole suppresses plasma oestradiol (E2) levels more completely than anastrozole in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. ASCO Meeting Abstracts24(Suppl. 18), 552 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Mayordomo J, Llombart A, Martin M et al. Randomized, multicenter, crossover Phase II trial to compare exemestane (E) vs. anastrozole (A) in postmenopausal patients (pt) with advanced breast cancer (ABC) and positive hormone receptors (HR). Final efficacy analysis of GEICAM 2001-03 study. ASCO Meeting Abstracts24(Suppl. 18), 638 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Goldhirsch A, Coates AS, Gelber RD et al. First – select the target: better choice of adjuvant treatments for breast cancer patients. Ann. Oncol.17(12), 1772–1776 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson RW, Anderson BO, Burstein HJ et al. Invasive breast cancer. J. Natl Compr. Canc. Netw.5(3), 246–312 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jonat W, Pritchard KI, Sainsbury R et al. Trends in endocrine therapy and chemotherapy for early breast cancer: a focus on the premenopausal patient. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol.132(5), 275–286 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winer EP, Hudis C, Burstein HJ et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on the use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: status report 2004. J. Clin. Oncol.23(3), 619–629 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowsett M, Stein RC, Coombes RC. Aromatization inhibition alone or in combination with GnRH agonists for the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer patients. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.43(1–3), 155–159 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forward DP, Cheung KL, Jackson L et al. Clinical and endocrine data for goserelin plus anastrozole as second-line endocrine therapy for premenopausal advanced breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer90(3), 590–594 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnant MF, Mlineritsch B, Luschin-Ebengreuth G et al. Zoledronic acid prevents cancer treatment-induced bone loss in premenopausal women receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone-responsive breast cancer: a report from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol.25(7), 820–828 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Body JJ. Breast cancer: bisphosphonate therapy for metastatic bone disease. Clin. Cancer Res.12(20 Pt 2), 6258–6263 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paik S, Tang G, Shak S et al. Gene expression and benefit of chemotherapy in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.24(23), 3726–3734 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis M. Overcoming endocrine therapy resistance by signal transduction inhibition. Oncologist9(Suppl. 3), 20–26 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackey JR, Kaufman B, Clemens M et al. Trastuzumab prolongs progression-free survival in hormone-dependent and HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.100(Suppl. 1), S5 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Stanway SJ, Delavault P, Purohit A et al. Steroid sulfatase: a new target for the endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Oncologist12, 370–374 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary A, Dowsett M. Combination therapy with aromatase inhibitors: the next era of breast cancer treatment? Br. J. Cancer95(6), 661–666 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ejlertsen B, Mouridsen HT, Jensen MB et al. Similar efficacy for ovarian ablation compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: from a randomized comparison of premenopausal patients with node-positive, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.24(31), 4956–4962 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum M, Hackshaw A, Houghton J et al. Adjuvant goserelin in pre-menopausal patients with early breast cancer: results from the ZIPP study. Eur. J. Cancer42(7), 895–904 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutqvist L. Zoladex and tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal breast cancer: a randomised trial by the Cancer Research Campaign (C. R. C.) Breast Cancer Trials Group, the Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group, the South-East Sweden Breast Cancer Group and the Gruppo Interdisciplinare Valutazione Interventi in Oncologia (G. I. V. I. O). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.18(67), 251 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Robert NJ, Wang M, Cella D et al. Phase III comparison of tamoxifen versus tamoxifen with ovarian ablation in premenopausal women with axillary node-negative receptor-positive breast cancer ≤ 3 cm. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.22, 16 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Soreide JA, Varhaug JE, Fjosne HE et al. Adjuvant endocrine treatment (goserelin vs tamoxifen) in pre-menopausal patients with operable node positive stage II breast cancer. A prospective randomized national multicenter study. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol.28(5), 505–510 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials Collaborative Group. Ovarian ablation or suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer: Results from the International Adjuvant Breast Cancer Ovarian Ablation or Suppression Randomized Trial. J. Natl Cancer Inst.99(7), 516–525 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M et al. Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years’ adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet365(9453), 60–62 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S et al. Randomized trial of letrozole following tamoxifen as extended adjuvant therapy in receptor-positive breast cancer: updated findings from NCIC CTG MA.17. J. Natl Cancer Inst.97(17), 1262–1271 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar