Psychosocial intervention for pediatric bipolar disorder: current and future directions

References

• Merikangas KR, Tohen M. Epidemiology of bipolar disorder in adults and children. In: Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology (3rd Edition). John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA, 329–342 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Van Meter AR, Moreira AL, Youngstrom EA. Meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of pediatric bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 72(9), 1250–1256 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein TR, Birmaher B, Axelson D et al. Psychosocial functioning among bipolar youth. J. Affect. Disord. 114(1–3), 174–183 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West AE, Pavuluri MN. Psychosocial treatments for childhood and adolescent bipolar disorder. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 18(2), 471–482 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR, Klein DN. Bipolar disorders during adolescence. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 108 (Suppl. 418), 47–50 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Henin A, Mick E, Biederman J et al. Can bipolar disorder-specific neuropsychological impairments in children be identified? J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 75(2), 210–220 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavuluri MN, O’Connor MM, Harral EM, Moss M, Sweeney JA. Impact of neurocognitive function on academic difficulties in pediatric bipolar disorder: a clinical translation. Biol. Psychiatry 60(9), 951–956 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller B, Zimerman B, Williams M, Delbello MP, Frazier J, Beringer L. Phenomenology of prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder: examples of elated mood, grandiose behaviors, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts and hypersexuality. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 12(1), 3–9 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein TR, Miklowitz DJ, Mullen KL. Social skills knowledge and performance among adolescents with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 8(4), 350–361 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller B, Craney JL, Bolhofner K, Nickelsburg MJ, Williams M, Zimerman B. Two-year prospective follow-up of children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. Am. J. Psychiatry 159(6), 927–933 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilens TE, Biederman J, Forkner P et al. Patterns of comorbidity and dysfunction in clinically referred preschool and school-age children with bipolar disorder. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 13(4), 495–505 (2003).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller B, Bolhofner K, Craney JL, Williams M, DelBello MP, Gundersen K. Psychosocial functioning in a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 39(12), 1543–1548 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenan-Miller D, Peris T, Axelson D, Kowatch RA, Miklowitz DJ. Family functioning, social impairment, and symptoms among adolescents with bipolar disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 51(10), 1085–1094 (2012).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenkel LS, West AE, Harral EM, Patel NB, Pavuluri MN. Parent–child interactions in pediatric bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychol. 64(4), 422–437 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim EY, Miklowitz DJ, Biuckians A, Mullen K. Life stress and the course of early-onset bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 99(1–3), 37–44 (2007).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rucklidge JJ. Psychosocial functioning of adolescents with and without paediatric bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 91(2–3), 181–188 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClellan J, Kowatch R, Findling RL; Work Group on Quality Issues. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 46(1), 107–125 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmaher B, Axelson D, Goldstein B et al. Four-year longitudinal course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders: the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study. Am. J. Psychiatry 166(7), 795–804 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller B, Tillman R, Bolhofner K, Zimerman B. Child bipolar I disorder: prospective continuity with adult bipolar I disorder; characteristics of second and third episodes; predictors of 8-year outcome. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 65(10), 1125–1133 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emslie GJ, Mayes TL, Laptook RS, Batt M. Predictors of response to treatment in children and adolescents with mood disorders. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 26(2), 435–456 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambless DL, Baker MJ, Baucom D et al. Update on empirically validated therapies II. Clin. Psychol. 51, 3−16 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Chambless DL, Hollon SD. Defining empirically supported therapies. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 66(1), 7–18 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambless DL, Ollendick TH. Empirically supported psychological interventions: controversies and evidence. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52, 685–716 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambless DL, Sanderson WC, Shoham V et al. An update on empirically validated therapies. Clin. Psycholol. 49, 5−18 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Miklowitz DJ, George EL, Axelson DA et al. Family-focused treatment for adolescents with bipolar disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 82(Suppl. 1), S113–S128 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miklowitz DJ, Biuckians A, Richards JA. Early-onset bipolar disorder: a family treatment perspective. Dev. Psychopathol. 18(4), 1247–1265(2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miklowitz DJ, Axelson DA, Birmaher B et al. Family-focused treatment for adolescents with bipolar disorder: results of a 2-year randomized trial. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 65(9), 1053–1061 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miklowitz DJ, Axelson DA, George EL et al. Expressed emotion moderates the effects of family-focused treatment for bipolar adolescents. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 48(6), 643–651 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miklowitz DJ, Chang KD, Taylor DO et al. Early psychosocial intervention for youth at risk for bipolar I or II disorder: a one-year treatment development trial. Bipolar Disord. 13(1), 67–75 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miklowitz DJ, Schneck CD, Singh MK et al. Early intervention for symptomatic youth at risk for bipolar disorder: a randomized trial of family-focused therapy. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 52(2), 121–131 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fristad MA, Goldberg-Arnold JS, Gavazzi SM. Multi-family psychoeducation groups in the treatment of children with mood disorders. J. Marital Fam. Ther. 29(4), 491–504 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fristad MA, Verducci JS, Walters K, Young ME. Impact of multifamily psychoeducational psychotherapy in treating children aged 8 to 12 years with mood disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66(9), 1013–1021 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fristad MA, Goldberg-Arnold JS, Leffler JM. Psychotherapy for Children with Bipolar and Depressive Disorders. Guilford Press, NY, USA (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Fristad MA. Psychoeducational treatment for school-aged children with bipolar disorder. Dev. Psychopathol. 18(4), 1289–1306 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendenhall AN, Fristad MA, Early TJ. Factors influencing service utilization and mood symptom severity in children with mood disorders: effects of multifamily psychoeducation groups (MFPGs). J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 77(3), 463–473 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPherson HA, Leffler JM, Fristad MA. Implementation of multi-family psychoeducational psychotherapy for childhood mood disorders in an outpatient community setting. J. Marital Fam. Ther. doi:10.1111/jmft.12013 (2013) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Pavuluri MN, Graczyk PA, Henry DB, Carbray JA, Heidenreich J, Miklowitz DJ. Child- and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder: development and preliminary results. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 43(5), 528–537 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West AE, Henry DB, Pavuluri MN. Maintenance model of integrated psychosocial treatment in pediatric bipolar disorder: a pilot feasibility study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 46(2), 205–212 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West AE, Jacobs RH, Westerholm R et al. Child and family-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder: pilot study of group treatment format. J. Can. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 18(3), 239–246 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• West AE, Weinstein SM. A family-based psychosocial treatment model. Isr. J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci. 49(2), 86–93 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Pavuluri MN, O’Connor MM, Harral E, Sweeney JA. Affective neural circuitry during facial emotion processing in pediatric bipolar disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 62(2), 158–167 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein SM, West AE, Pavuluri MN. Child- and family-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric bipolar disorder and adaptations for suicide prevention. Presented at: 59th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. San Fancisco, CA, USA, 23–28 October 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein TR, Axelson DA, Birmaher B, Brent DA. Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder: a 1-year open trial. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 46(7), 820–830 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan MM, Comtois KA, Murray AM et al. Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63(7), 757–766 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linehan MM, Tutek DA, Heard HL, Armstrong HE. Interpersonal outcome of cognitive behavioral treatment for chronically suicidal borderline patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 151(12), 1771–1776 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller AL, Rathus JH, Linehan MM, Wetzler S, Leigh E. Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for suicidal adolescents. J. Psychiatr. Pract. 3(2), 78–86 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Birmaher B, Axelson D, Strober M et al. Clinical course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63(2), 175–183 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibenluft E, Charney DS, Towbin KE, Bhangoo RK, Pine DS. Defining clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania. Am. J. Psychiatry 160(3), 430–437 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller AL, Rathus JH, Linehan MM. Dialectical Behavior Therapy with Suicidal Adolescents. Guilford Press, NY, USA (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Frank E. Treating Bipolar Disorder: A Clinician’s Guide to Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy. Guilford Press, NY, USA (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Thase ME et al. Two-year outcomes for interpersonal and social rhythm therapy in individuals with bipolar I disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62(9), 996–1004 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlastala SA, Frank E. Adapting inter-personal and social rhythm therapy to the developmental needs of adolescents with bipolar disorder. Dev. Psychopathol. 18(4), 1267–1288 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlastala SA, Kotler JS, McClellan JM, McCauley EA. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder: treatment development and results from an open trial. Depress. Anxiety 27(5), 457–464 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielson CK, Feeny NC, Findling RL, Youngstrom EA. Psychosocial treatment of bipolar disorders in adolescents: a proposed cognitive-behavioral intervention. Cognit. Behav. Pract. 11(3), 283–297 (2004).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeny NC, Danielson CK, Schwartz L, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bipolar disorders in adolescents: a pilot study. Bipolar Disord. 8(5 Pt 1), 508–515 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March J, Silva S, Petrycki S et al.; Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) Team. Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292(7), 807–820 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowatch RA, Fristad M, Birmaher B, Wagner KD, Findling RL, Hellander M; Child Psychiatric Workgroup on Bipolar Disorder. Treatment guidelines for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 44(3), 213–235 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Mental Health Strategic Plan. NIH publication number 08-6368. US Department of Health and Human Services, DC, USA (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Pavuluri MN, Passarotti AM, Parnes SA, Fitzgerald JM, Sweeney JA. A pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study probing the interface of cognitive and emotional brain systems in pediatric bipolar disorder. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 20(5), 395–406 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pavuluri MN, Sweeney JA. Integrating functional brain neuroimaging and developmental cognitive neuroscience in child psychiatry research. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 47(11), 1273–1288 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavuluri MN, Ellis JA, Wegbreit E, Passarotti AM, Stevens MC. Pharmacotherapy impacts functional connectivity among affective circuits during response inhibition in pediatric mania. Behav. Brain Res. 226(2), 493–503 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolin EM, Weller EB, Weller RA. Suicide risk factors in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 9(2), 122–128 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Goldsmith SK, Pellmar TC, Kleinman AM, Bunney WE. Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. The National Academies Press, DC, USA (2002).
   Google Scholar