1,549
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial

Is there a place for xenodiagnosis in the clinic?

, &

References

  • Marques A, Telford SR III, Turk S-P, et al. Xenodiagnosis to detect Borrelia burgdorferi infection: a first-in-human study. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58(7):937-45
  • Ross R. On some peculiar pigmented cells found in two mosquitoes fed on malarial blood. Br Med J 1897;2:1796
  • Grassi B. Studi di Zoologo sulla Malaria. Rome: 1900
  • Wolbach SB, Todd JL, Palfrey FW. The Etiology and Pathology of Typhus. Harvard University Press; 1922. pp 222
  • Murray ES, Snyder JC. Brill Zinsser disease: the interepidemic reservoir of epidemic louse borne typhus fever. Atti del VI Congreso Internazionale di Microbiologia Roma 1953;4:31-44
  • Schenone H. Xenodiagnosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999;94(Suppl I):289-94
  • Donahue JG, Piesman J, Spielman A. Reservoir competence of white-footed mice for Lyme disease spirochetes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987;36:92
  • Shih CM, Chao LL, Yu CP. Chemotactic migration of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) to salivary gland extracts of vector ticks. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002;66:616
  • Rego O, Bestor A, Stefka J, Rosa PA. Population bottlenecks during the infectious cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e101009
  • Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:1089-134
  • Ribeiro JMC, Makoul GT, Levine J, et al. Antihemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties of the saliva of a tick, Ixodes dammini. J Exp Med 1985;161:332-44
  • Nowakowski J, Nadelman RB, Sell R, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with culture-confirmed Lyme disease. Am J Med 2003;115:91-6
  • Wormser GP, Ramanathan R, Nowakowski J, et al. Duration of antibiotic therapy for early Lyme disease. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:697-704
  • Dattwyler RJ, Halperin JJ, Volkman DJ, Luft BJ. Treatment of late Lyme borreliosis: randomized comparison of ceftriaxone and penicillin. Lancet 1988;1:1191-4
  • Dattwyler RJ, Wormser GP, Rush TJ, et al. A comparison of two treatment regimens of ceftriaxone in late Lyme disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2005;117:393
  • Asbrink E, Hovmark A. Successful cultivation of spirochetes from skin lesions of patients with erythema chronica migrans, Afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica athrophicans. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 1985;93:161-3
  • Straubinger RK, Summer BA, Chang YF, Appel MJ. Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally infected dogs after antibiotic treatment. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:111-16
  • Straubinger RK, Straubinger AF, Summers BA, et al. Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and effect of antibiotic treatment on Lyme borreliosis in dogs. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1998;110:874-81
  • Wormser GP, Schwartz I. Antibiotic treatment of animals infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009;22:387-95
  • Bockenstedt LK, Mao J, Hodzic E, et al. Detection of attenuated, nonin- fectious spirochetes in Borrelia burgdorferi- infected mice after antibiotic treatment. J Infect Dis 2002;186:1430-7
  • Bockenstedt LK, Gonzalez DG, Haberman AM, Belperron AA. Spirochete antigens persist near cartilage after murine Lyme borreliosis therapy. J Clin Invest 2012;122(7):2652-60
  • Hodzic E, Feng S, Holden K, et al. Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi following antibiotic treatment in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:1728-36
  • Hodzic E, Imai D, Feng S, Barthold SW. Resurgence of persisting non-cultivable Borrelia burgdorferi following antibiotic treatment in mice. PLoS One 2014;9(1):e86907
  • Embers ME, Barthold SW, Borda JT, et al. Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in rhesus macaques following antibiotic treatment of disseminated infection. PLoS One 2012;7:e29914
  • Wormser GP, Baker PJ, O’Connell S, et al. Critical analysis of treatment trials of rhesus macaques infected with Borrelia burgdorferi reveals important flaws in experimental design. Vector Borne Zoo Dis 2012;12:535-8
  • Eshoo MW, Crowder CC, Rebman AW, et al. Direct molecular detection and genotyping of Borrelia burgdorferi from whole blood of patients with early Lyme disease. PLoS One 2012;7:e36825
  • Bockenstedt LK, Radolf JD. Xenodiagnosis for posttreatment Lyme Disease syndrome: resolving the conundrum or adding to it? Clin Infect Dis 2014;58(7):946-8
  • Feder HM Jr, Hoss DM, Zemel L, et al. Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI) in the North: STARI following a tick bite in Long Island, New York. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:e142-6

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.