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The role of toll-like receptors in B-cell development and immunopathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency

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Pages 195-207 | Received 10 Jun 2015, Accepted 28 Oct 2015, Published online: 14 Dec 2015

References

Papers of special note have been highlighted as

• of interest

•• of considerable interest

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•• The first article that showed altered CVID B-cells responses to TLR9 stimulation consist of impaired upregulation of CD86 and AID mRNA, B-cell proliferation, Ig production and IL-6 and IL-10 secretion after stimulation of CpG DNA with and without BCR engagement.

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• Provides evidences for CVID B-cell defects after stimulation with an antisense oligomer to the rev gene of HIV-1 that some years later, after the recognition of TLR9, generates the hypothesis of the role of TLRs in immunopathogenesis of CVID.

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• Indicates disability of B cells of CVID patients in response to different natural and synthetic ligands of TLRs.

  • Yu JE, Knight AK, Radigan L, et al. Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 defects in common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(2):349–356, 356 e1–3.

• Shows multiple defects in B cells of CVID patients in response to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation, but the cytokine secretion by PBMCs is normal.

  • Trujillo CM, Muskus C, Arango J, et al. Quantitative and functional evaluation of innate immune responses in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2011;21(3):207–215.

• Evaluates the responses of innate immune cells of PBMCs of CVID patients to agonists of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 and show no change in cytokine production of patients.

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• Demonstrates the role of INF-alpha on function and maturation of CVID B cells accompanying TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation.

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