14
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Profile

CD20-directed therapy in autoimmune diseases involving the skin: role of rituximab

&
Pages 259-278 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Maloney DG, Liles TM, Czerwinski DK et al. Phase I clinical trial using escalating single-dose infusion of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in patients with recurrent B-cell lymphoma. Blood84(8), 2457–2466 (1994).
  • Martin P, Furman RR, Coleman M, Leonard JP. Phase I to III trials of anti-B cell therapy in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clin. Cancer Res.13(18 Pt 2), 5636s–5642s (2007).
  • Saleh MN, Gutheil J, Moore M et al. A pilot study of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia. Semin. Oncol.27(6 Suppl. 12), 99–103 (2000).
  • Edwards JC, Cambridge G. B-cell targeting in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Nat. Rev. Immunol.6(5), 394–403 (2006).
  • Arkfeld DG. The potential utility of B cell-directed biologic therapy in autoimmune diseases. Rheumatol. Int.28(3), 205–215 (2008).
  • Looney RJ, Anolik JH, Campbell D et al. B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: a Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of rituximab. Arthritis Rheum.50(8), 2580–2589 (2004).
  • Pijpe J, van Imhoff GW, Spijkervet FK et al. Rituximab treatment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome: an open-label Phase II study. Arthritis Rheum.52(9), 2740–2750 (2005).
  • Tanaka Y, Yamamoto K, Takeuchi T et al. A multicenter Phase I/II trial of rituximab for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod. Rheumatol.17(3), 191–197 (2007).
  • Schollkopf C, Kjeldsen L, Bjerrum OW et al. Rituximab in chronic cold agglutinin disease: a prospective study of 20 patients. Leuk. Lymphoma47(2), 253–260 (2006).
  • De Vita S, Quartuccio L. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with rituximab: an update and possible indications. Autoimmun. Rev.5(7), 443–448 (2006).
  • Edwards JC, Cambridge G, Leandro MJ. B cell depletion therapy in rheumatic disease. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol.20(5), 915–928 (2006).
  • Browning JL. B cells move to centre stage: novel opportunities for autoimmune disease treatment. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.5(7), 564–576 (2006).
  • Jazirehi AR, Bonavida B. Cellular and molecular signal transduction pathways modulated by rituximab (rituxan, anti-CD20 mAb) in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: implications in chemosensitization and therapeutic intervention. Oncogene24(13), 2121–2143 (2005).
  • O’Keefe TL, Williams GT, Davies SL, Neuberger MS. Mice carrying a CD20 gene disruption. Immunogenetics48(2), 125–132 (1998).
  • Vugmeyster Y, Howell K. Rituximab-mediated depletion of cynomolgus monkey B cells in vitro in different matrices: possible inhibitory effect of IgG. Int. Immunopharmacol.4(8), 1117–1124 (2004).
  • Gong Q, Ou Q, Ye S et al. Importance of cellular microenvironment and circulatory dynamics in B cell immunotherapy. J. Immunol.174(2), 817–826 (2005).
  • Leandro MJ, Cambridge G, Ehrenstein MR, Edwards JC. Reconstitution of peripheral blood B cells after depletion with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum.54(2), 613–620 (2006).
  • Anolik JH, Barnard J, Cappione A et al. Rituximab improves peripheral B cell abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum.50(11), 3580–3590 (2004).
  • Anolik JH, Campbell D, Felgar RE et al. The relationship of FcγRIIIa genotype to degree of B cell depletion by rituximab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum.48(2), 455–459 (2003).
  • Janas E, Priest R, Wilde JI, White JH, Malhotra R. Rituxan (anti-CD20 antibody)-induced translocation of CD20 into lipid rafts is crucial for calcium influx and apoptosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol.139(3), 439–446 (2005).
  • Schmidt E, Benoit S, Brocker EB, Zillikens D, Goebeler M. Successful adjuvant treatment of recalcitrant epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Arch. Dermatol.142(2), 147–150 (2006).
  • Joly P, Mouquet H, Roujeau JC et al. A single cycle of rituximab for the treatment of severe pemphigus. N. Engl. J. Med.357(6), 545–552 (2007).
  • Goebeler M, Herzog S, Brocker EB, Zillikens D. Rapid response of treatment-resistant pemphigus foliaceus to the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Br. J. Dermatol.149(4), 899–901 (2003).
  • Edwards JC, Szczepanski L, Szechinski J et al. Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med.350(25), 2572–2581 (2004).
  • Cambridge G, Leandro MJ, Teodorescu M et al. B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: effect on autoantibody and antimicrobial antibody profiles. Arthritis Rheum.54(11), 3612–3622 (2006).
  • Sitaru C, Zillikens D. Mechanisms of blister induction by autoantibodies. Exp. Dermatol.14(12), 861–875 (2005).
  • Vigna-Perez M, Hernandez-Castro B, Paredes-Saharopulos O et al. Clinical and immunological effects of rituximab in patients with lupus nephritis refractory to conventional therapy: a pilot study. Arthritis Res. Ther.8(3), R83 (2006).
  • Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Drug insight: the mechanism of action of rituximab in autoimmune disease – the immune complex decoy hypothesis. Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol.3(2), 86–95 (2007).
  • Hertl M, Zillikens D, Borradori L et al. Recommendations for the use of rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) in the treatment of autoimmune bullous skin diseases. J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges.6(5), 366–373 (2008).
  • Anhalt GJ. Paraneoplastic pemphigus. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc.9(1), 29–33 (2004).
  • Stanley JR, Amagai M. Pemphigus, bullous impetigo, and the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med.355(17), 1800–1810 (2006).
  • Goebeler M Zillikens D. Bullous pemphigoid: diagnosis and management. Expert Rev. Dermatol.1, 401–411 (2006).
  • Benoit S, Bröcker EB, Schmidt E. Current treatment of pemphigus. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol.142, 363–380 (2007).
  • Schmidt E, Hunzelmann N, Zillikens D, Brocker EB, Goebeler M. Rituximab in refractory autoimmune bullous diseases. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.31(4), 503–508 (2006).
  • Schmidt E, Brocker EB, Goebeler M. Rituximab in treatment-resistant autoimmune blistering skin disorders. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol.34(1), 56–64 (2008).
  • Chee R, Nagendran V, Bansal A, Casie Chetty SN, Harland C. B-cell targeted therapy alone may not be effective in bullous pemphigoid. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.32(1), 111–112 (2007).
  • Connelly EA, Aber C, Kleiner G, Nousari C, Charles C, Schachner LA. Generalized erythrodermic pemphigus foliaceus in a child and its successful response to rituximab treatment. Pediatr. Dermatol.24(2), 172–176 (2007).
  • Crichlow SM, Mortimer NJ, Harman KE. A successful therapeutic trial of rituximab in the treatment of a patient with recalcitrant, high-titre epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Br. J. Dermatol.156(1), 194–196 (2007).
  • Hoque SR, Black MM, Cliff S. Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with CD20-positive follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with rituximab: a third case resistant to rituximab therapy. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.32(2), 172–175 (2007).
  • Mercader P, Rodenas JM, Pena A, Mascaro JM Jr. Fatal Pseudomona pneumonia following rituximab therapy in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.21(8), 1141–1142 (2007).
  • Taintor AR, Leiferman KM, Hashimoto T, Ishii N, Zone JJ, Hull CM. A novel case of IgA paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.56(5 Suppl.), S73–S76 (2007).
  • Cummins DL, Mimouni D, Tzu J, Owens N, Anhalt GJ, Meyerle JH. Lichenoid paraneoplastic pemphigus in the absence of detectable antibodies. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.56(1), 153–159 (2007).
  • Marzano AV, Fanoni D, Venegoni L, Berti E, Caputo R. Treatment of refractory pemphigus with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab). Dermatology214(4), 310–318 (2007).
  • Cianchini G, Corona R, Frezzolini A, Ruffelli M, Didona B, Puddu P. Treatment of severe pemphigus with rituximab: report of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Arch. Dermatol.143(8), 1033–1038 (2007).
  • Niedermeier A, Eming R, Pfutze M et al. Clinical response of severe mechanobullous epidermolysis bullosa acquisita to combined treatment with immunoadsorption and rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies). Arch. Dermatol.143(2), 192–198 (2007).
  • Sadler E, Schafleitner B, Lanschuetzer C et al. Treatment-resistant classical epidermolysis bullosa acquisita responding to rituximab. Br. J. Dermatol.157(2), 417–419 (2007).
  • Wallet-Faber N, Franck N, Batteux F et al. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita following bullous pemphigoid, successfully treated with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Dermatology215(3), 252–255 (2007).
  • Barrera MV, Mendiola MV, Bosch RJ, Herrera E. Prolonged treatment with rituximab in patients with refractory pemphigus vulgaris. J. Dermatolog. Treat.18(5), 312–314 (2007).
  • Antonucci A, Negosanti M, Tabanelli M, Varotti C. Treatment of refractory pemphigus vulgaris with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab): five cases. J. Dermatolog. Treat.18(3), 178–183 (2007).
  • Goh MS, McCormack C, Dinh HV, Welsh B, Foley P, Prince HM. Rituximab in the adjuvant treatment of pemphigus vulgaris: a prospective open-label pilot study in five patients. Br. J. Dermatol.156(5), 990–996 (2007).
  • Mamelak AJ, Eid MP, Cohen BA, Anhalt GJ. Rituximab therapy in severe juvenile pemphigus vulgaris. Cutis80(4), 335–340 (2007).
  • Muhlhoff C, Megahed M. [Treatment of therapy-resistant pemphigus vulgaris with rituximab and immunoglobulins]. Hautarzt58(11), 924–926 (2007).
  • Saraceno R, Citarella L, Spallone G, Chimenti S. A biological approach in a patient with psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid associated with losartan therapy. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.33(2), 154–155 (2008).
  • Rios-Fernandez R, Gutierrez-Salmeron MT, Callejas-Rubio JL, Fernandez-Pugnaire M, Ortego-Centeno N. Late-onset neutropenia following rituximab treatment in patients with autoimmune diseases. Br. J. Dermatol.157(6), 1271–1273 (2007).
  • Taverna JA, Lerner A, Bhawan J et al. Successful adjuvant treatment of recalcitrant mucous membrane pemphigoid with anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. J. Drugs Dermatol.6(7), 731–732 (2007).
  • Shimanovich I, Nitschke M, Rose C, Grabbe J, Zillikens D. Treatment of severe pemphigus with protein A immunoadsorption, rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulins. Br. J. Dermatol.158(2), 382–388 (2008).
  • Leandro MJ, Edwards JC, Cambridge G, Ehrenstein MR, Isenberg DA. An open study of B lymphocyte depletion in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum.46 (10), 2673–2677 (2002).
  • Schmidt E, Seitz CS, Benoit S, Brocker EB, Goebeler M. Rituximab in autoimmune bullous diseases: mixed responses and adverse effects. Br. J. Dermatol.156(2), 352–356 (2007).
  • Ahmed AR, Spigelman Z, Cavacini LA, Posner MR. Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with rituximab and intravenous immune globulin. N. Engl. J. Med.355(17), 1772–1779 (2006).
  • Schmidt E, Klinker E, Opitz A et al. Protein A immunoadsorption: a novel and effective adjuvant treatment of severe pemphigus. Br. J. Dermatol.148(6), 1222–1229 (2003).
  • Shimanovich I, Herzog S, Schmidt E et al. Improved protocol for treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with protein A immunoadsorption. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.31(6), 768–774 (2006).
  • Kong HH, Prose NS, Ware RE, Hall RP, 3rd. Successful treatment of refractory childhood pemphgus vulgaris with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab). Pediatr. Dermatol.22(5), 461–464 (2005).
  • Belgi AS, Azeez M, Hoyle C, Williams RE. Response of pemphigus vulgaris to anti-CD20 antibody therapy (rituximab) may be delayed. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.31(1), 143 (2006).
  • Esposito M, Capriotti E, Giunta A, Bianchi L, Chimenti S. Long-lasting remission of pemphigus vulgaris treated with rituximab. Acta Derm. Venereol.86(1), 87–89 (2006).
  • Barnadas M, Roe E, Brunet S et al. Therapy of paraneoplastic pemphigus with rituximab: a case report and review of literature. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol.20(1), 69–74 (2006).
  • Borradori L, Lombardi T, Samson J, Girardet C, Saurat JH, Hugli A. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) for refractory erosive stomatitis secondary to CD20+ follicular lymphoma-associated paraneoplastic pemphigus. Arch. Dermatol.137(3), 269–272 (2001).
  • Niedermeier A, Worl P, Barth S, Schuler G, Hertl M. Delayed response of oral pemphigus vulgaris to rituximab treatment. Eur. J. Dermatol.16(3), 266–270 (2006).
  • Ahmed AR. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the treatment of patients with pemphigus vulgaris unresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive treatment. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.45(5), 679–690 (2001).
  • Bystryn JC, Steinman NM. The adjuvant therapy of pemphigus. An update. Arch. Dermatol.132(2), 203–212 (1996).
  • Borel C, Launay F, Garrouste C et al. [Rituximab induced remission of pemphigus vulgaris: 2 cases]. Rev. Med. Interne.28(4), 266–268 (2007).
  • Dupuy A, Viguier M, Bedane C et al. Treatment of refractory pemphigus vulgaris with rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody). Arch. Dermatol.140(1), 91–96 (2004).
  • McGinness JL, Bivens MM, Greer KE, Patterson JW, Saulsbury FT. Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) associated with pemphigoid nodularis: a case report and review of the literature. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.55(1), 143–148 (2006).
  • Szabolcs P, Reese M, Yancey KB, Hall RP, Kurtzberg J. Combination treatment of bullous pemphigoid with anti-CD20 and anti-CD25 antibodies in a patient with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant.30(5), 327–329 (2002).
  • Kirtschig G, Murrell D, Wojnarowska F, Khumalo N. Interventions for mucous membrane pemphigoid/cicatricial pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: a systematic literature review. Arch. Dermatol.138(3), 380–384 (2002).
  • Schmidt E, Herzog S, Brocker EB, Zillikens D, Goebeler M. Long-standing remission of recalcitrant juvenile pemphigus vulgaris after adjuvant therapy with rituximab. Br. J. Dermatol.153(2), 449–451 (2005).
  • Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum.25(11), 1271–1277 (1982).
  • Petschner F, Walker UA, Schmitt-Graff A, Uhl M, Peter HH. [“Catastrophic systemic lupus erythematosus” with Rosai-Dorfman sinus histiocytosis. Successful treatment with anti-CD20/rutuximab]. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr.126(37), 998–1001 (2001).
  • Podolskaya A, Stadermann M, Pilkington C, Marks SD, Tullus K. B-cell depletion therapy for 19 patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch. Dis. Child.93(5), 401–406 (2007).
  • Kneitz C, Wilhelm M, Tony HP. Effective B cell depletion with rituximab in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology206(5), 519–527 (2002).
  • Leandro MJ, Cambridge G, Edwards JC, Ehrenstein MR, Isenberg DA. B-cell depletion in the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal analysis of 24 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford)44(12), 1542–1545 (2005).
  • Gottenberg JE, Guillevin L, Lambotte O et al. Tolerance and short term efficacy of rituximab in 43 patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Ann. Rheum. Dis.64(6), 913–920 (2005).
  • Marks SD, Patey S, Brogan PA et al. B lymphocyte depletion therapy in children with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum.52(10), 3168–3174 (2005).
  • Sfikakis PP, Boletis JN, Lionaki S et al. Remission of proliferative lupus nephritis following B cell depletion therapy is preceded by down-regulation of the T cell costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand: an open-label trial. Arthritis Rheum.52(2), 501–513 (2005).
  • Smith KG, Jones RB, Burns SM, Jayne DR. Long-term comparison of rituximab treatment for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis: remission, relapse, and re-treatment. Arthritis Rheum.54(9), 2970–2982 (2006).
  • Vallerskog T, Heimburger M, Gunnarsson I et al. Differential effects on BAFF and APRIL levels in rituximab-treated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther.8(6), R167 (2006).
  • Uthman I, Taher A, Abbas O, Menassa J, Ghosn S. Successful treatment of refractory skin manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus with rituximab: report of a case. Dermatology216(3), 257–259 (2008).
  • Tokunaga M, Saito K, Kawabata D et al. Efficacy of rituximab (anti-CD20) for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus involving the central nervous system. Ann. Rheum. Dis.66(4), 470–475 (2007).
  • Willems M, Haddad E, Niaudet P et al. Rituximab therapy for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Pediatr.148(5), 623–627 (2006).
  • Risselada AP, Kallenberg CG. Therapy-resistent lupus skin disease successfully treated with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford)45(7), 915–916 (2006).
  • Gunnarsson I, Sundelin B, Jonsdottir T, Jacobson SH, Henriksson EW, van Vollenhoven RF. Histopathologic and clinical outcome of rituximab treatment in patients with cyclophosphamide-resistant proliferative lupus nephritis. Arthritis Rheum.56(4), 1263–1272 (2007).
  • Ng KP, Cambridge G, Leandro MJ, Edwards JC, Ehrenstein M, Isenberg DA. B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term follow-up and predictors of response. Ann. Rheum. Dis.66(9), 1259–1262 (2007).
  • Chehab G, Sander O, Fischer-Betz R, Schneider M. [Anti-CD20 therapy for inducing and maintaining remission in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus]. Z. Rheumatol.66(4), 328, 330–326 (2007).
  • Jonsdottir T, Gunnarsson I, Risselada A, Welin Henriksson E, Klareskog L, van Vollenhoven RF. Treatment of refractory SLE with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide: clinical effects, serological changes, and predictors of response. Ann. Rheum. Dis.67(3), 330–334 (2007).
  • Nwobi O, Abitbol CL, Chandar J, Seeherunvong W, Zilleruelo G. Rituximab therapy for juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr. Nephrol.23(3), 413–419 (2008).
  • Liang MH, Socher SA, Larson MG, Schur PH. Reliability and validity of six systems for the clinical assessment of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum.32(9), 1107–1118 (1989).
  • Dalakas MC, Hohlfeld R. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Lancet362(9388), 971–982 (2003).
  • Hill CL, Zhang Y, Sigurgeirsson B et al. Frequency of specific cancer types in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: a population-based study. Lancet357(9250), 96–100 (2001).
  • Dinh HV, McCormack C, Hall S, Prince HM. Rituximab for the treatment of the skin manifestations of dermatomyositis: a report of 3 cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.56(1), 148–153 (2007).
  • Chiappetta N, Steier J, Gruber B. Rituximab in the treatment of refractory dermatomyositis. J. Clin. Rheumatol.11(5), 264–266 (2005).
  • Levine TD. Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: an open-label pilot study. Arthritis Rheum.52(2), 601–607 (2005).
  • Brulhart L, Waldburger JM, Gabay C. Rituximab in the treatment of antisynthetase syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis.65(7), 974–975 (2006).
  • Noss EH, Hausner-Sypek DL, Weinblatt ME. Rituximab as therapy for refractory polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J. Rheumatol.33(5), 1021–1026 (2006).
  • Chung L, Genovese MC, Fiorentino DF. A pilot trial of rituximab in the treatment of patients with dermatomyositis. Arch. Dermatol.143(6), 763–767 (2007).
  • Cooper MA, Willingham DL, Brown DE, French AR, Shih FF, White AJ. Rituximab for the treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis: a report of four pediatric patients. Arthritis Rheum.56(9), 3107–3111 (2007).
  • Wollheim FA. Is rituximab a potential new therapy in systemic sclerosis?: new evidence indicates the presence of CD20-positive B-lymphocytes in scleroderma skin. J. Clin. Rheumatol.10(3), 155 (2004).
  • Schmidt E, Obe K, Bröcker EB, Zillikens D. Serum levels of autoantibodies to BP180 correlate with disease activity in patients with bullous pemphigoid. Arch. Dermatol.136(2), 174–178 (2000).
  • Arin MJ, Engert A, Krieg T, Hunzelmann N. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) in the treatment of pemphigus. Br. J. Dermatol.153(3), 620–625 (2005).
  • Ioannou Y, Lambrianides A, Cambridge G, Leandro MJ, Edwards JC, Isenberg DA. B cell depletion therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus results in a significant drop in anticardiolipin antibody titres. Ann. Rheum. Dis.67(3), 425–426 (2008).
  • Espana A, Fernandez-Galar M, Lloret P, Sanchez-Ibarrola A, Panizo C. Long-term complete remission of severe pemphigus vulgaris with monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapy and immunophenotype correlations. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.50(6), 974–976 (2004).
  • Bermudez A, Marco F, Conde E, Mazo E, Recio M, Zubizarreta A. Fatal visceral varicella-zoster infection following rituximab and chemotherapy treatment in a patient with follicular lymphoma. Haematologica85(8), 894–895 (2000).
  • Suzan F, Ammor M, Ribrag V. Fatal reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection after use of rituximab for a post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. N. Engl. J. Med.345(13), 1000 (2001).
  • Morrison LH. Therapy of refractory pemphigus vulgaris with monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab). J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.51(5), 817–819 (2004).
  • Calabrese LH, Molloy ES, Huang D, Ransohoff RM. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatic diseases: evolving clinical and pathologic patterns of disease. Arthritis Rheum.56(7), 2116–2128 (2007).
  • Dass S, Vital EM, Emery P. Development of psoriasis after B cell depletion with rituximab. Arthritis Rheum.56(8), 2715–2718 (2007).
  • Goetz M, Atreya R, Ghalibafian M, Galle PR, Neurath MF. Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis after rituximab salvage therapy. Inflamm. Bowel Dis.13(11), 1365–1368 (2007).
  • Schadlow MB, Anhalt GJ, Sinha AA. Using rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) in a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus. J. Drugs Dermatol.2(5), 564–567 (2003).
  • Quartier P, Brethon B, Philippet P, Landman-Parker J, Le Deist F, Fischer A. Treatment of childhood autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with rituximab. Lancet358(9292), 1511–1513 (2001).
  • Zecca M, Nobili B, Ramenghi U et al. Rituximab for the treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children. Blood101(10), 3857–3861 (2003).
  • Bennett CM, Rogers ZR, Kinnamon DD et al. Prospective phase 1/2 study of rituximab in childhood and adolescent chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood107(7), 2639–2642 (2006).
  • Vugmeyster Y, Beyer J, Howell K et al. Depletion of B cells by a humanized anti-CD20 antibody PRO70769 in Macaca fascicularis. J. Immunother.28(3), 212–219 (2005).
  • Shan D, Press OW, Tsu TT, Hayden MS, Ledbetter JA. Characterization of scFv-Ig constructs generated from the anti-CD20 mAb 1F5 using linker peptides of varying lengths. J. Immunol.162(11), 6589–6595 (1999).
  • Teeling JL, French RR, Cragg MS et al. Characterization of new human CD20 monoclonal antibodies with potent cytolytic activity against non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Blood104(6), 1793–1800 (2004).
  • Dorner T, Kaufmann J, Wegener WA, Teoh N, Goldenberg DM, Burmester GR. Initial clinical trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) for immunotherapy of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res. Ther.8(3), R74 (2006).
  • Nishimoto N, Kishimoto T. Interleukin 6: from bench to bedside. Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol.2(11), 619–626 (2006).
  • Erre GL, Pardini S, Faedda R, Passiu G. Effect of rituximab on clinical and laboratory features of antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report and a review of literature. Lupus17(1), 50–55 (2008).
  • Walsh M, Jayne D. Rituximab in the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: past, present and future. Kidney Int.72(6), 676–682 (2007).
  • De Vita S, Quartuccio L, Fabris M. Rituximab in mixed cryoglobulinemia: increased experience and perspectives. Dig. Liver Dis.39(Suppl. 1), S122–S128 (2007).
  • D’Arena G, Califano C, Annunziata M et al. Rituximab for warm-type idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a retrospective study of 11 adult patients. Eur. J. Haematol.79(1), 53–58 (2007).
  • Franchini M. Rituximab in the treatment of adult acquired hemophilia A: a systematic review. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol.63(1), 47–52 (2007).
  • Zivkovic SA. Rituximab in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Expert Rev. Neurother.6(9), 1267–1274 (2006).
  • Mok CC, Ho LY, To CH. Rituximab for refractory polymyositis: an open-label prospective study. J. Rheumatol.34(9), 1864–1868 (2007).
  • Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DL et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med.358(7), 676–688 (2008).
  • Thakre M, Inshasi J, Marashi M. Rituximab in refractory MuSK antibody myasthenia gravis. J. Neurol.254(7), 968–969 (2007).
  • Zaja F, Bacigalupo A, Patriarca F et al. Treatment of refractory chronic GVHD with rituximab: a GITMO study. Bone Marrow Transplant.40(3), 273–277 (2007).
  • Simon D, Hosli S, Kostylina G, Yawalkar N, Simon HU. Anti-CD20 (rituximab) treatment improves atopic eczema. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.121(1), 122–128 (2008).

Websites

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.