Animal models of female pelvic organ prolapse: lessons learned

References

• Jelovsek JE, Maher C, Barber MD. Pelvic organ prolapse. Lancet369(9566), 1027–1038 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alan M, Cetin Y, Sendag S, Eski F. True vaginal prolapse in a bitch. Anim. Reprod. Sci.100(3–4), 411–414 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bristol FM, Djurickovic S. Hyperestrogenism in female swine as the result of feeding mouldy corn. Can. Vet. J.12(6), 132–135 (1971).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coates KW, Gibson S, Williams LE et al. The squirrel monkey as an animal model of pelvic relaxation: an evaluation of a large breeding colony. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.173(6), 1664–1669 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhillon KS, Singh BB, Kumar H, Bal MS, Singh J. Treatment of vaginal prolapse in cows and buffaloes. Vet. Rec.158(9), 312 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gustilo-Ashby AM, Lee U, Vurbic D et al. The impact of cesarean delivery on pelvic floor dysfunction in lysyl oxidase like-1 knockout mice. Fem. Pelv. Med. Recon. Surg.16(1), 21–30 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gyimesi ZS, Linhart RD, Burns RB, Anderson DE, Munson L. Management of chronic vaginal prolapse in an eastern bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci). J. Zoo. Wildl. Med.39(4), 614–621 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason BJ. Uterine prolapse in a donkey. Vet. Rec.86(22), 675 (1970).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miesner MD, Anderson DE. Management of uterine and vaginal prolapse in the bovine. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract.24(2), 409–419, ix (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noakes D, Parkinson TJ, England G. Arthur’s Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics (8th Edition). WB Saunders, PA, USA, 145–153 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Nothling JO, Knesl O, Irons P, Lane E. Uterine prolapse with an interesting vascular anomaly in a cheetah: a case report. Theriogenology58(9), 1705–1712 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rahn DD, Acevedo JF, Roshanravan S et al. Failure of pelvic organ support in mice deficient in fibulin-3. Am. J. Pathol.174(1), 206–215 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riera FL, Hinrichs K, Hunt PR, Kenney RM. Cervical hyperplasia with prolapse in a mare. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.195(10), 1393–1394 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Twomey DF, Boon JD, Sayers G, Schock A. Arcanobacterium pyogenes septicemia in a southern pudu (Pudu puda) following uterine prolapse. J. Zoo. Wildl. Med.41(1), 158–160 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van HH, Hesp AP, Versluis A, Zwart P, Van Zutphen LF. Prolapsus vaginae in the IIIVO/JU rabbit. Lab. Anim.23(4), 333–336 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vaughan L, McGuckin S. Uterine prolapse in a cat. Vet. Rec.132(22), 568 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zacharin RF. Genital prolapse in ruminants. Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.9(4), 236–239 (1969).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stepp KJ, Walters MD. Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract, Rectum, and Pelvic Floor. Walters MD, Karram MM (Eds.). Mosby Elsevier, MO, USA, 26 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• DeLancey JO. Anatomic aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.166(6 Pt 1), 1717–1724 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handa VL, Blomquist JL, Knoepp LR, Hoskey KA, McDermott KC, Munoz A. Pelvic floor disorders 5–10 years after caginal or cesarean childbirth. Obstet. Gynecol.118(4), 777–784 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLancey JO, Kearney R, Chou Q, Speights S, Binno S. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. Obstet. Gynecol.101(1), 46–53 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lien KC, Mooney B, DeLancey JO, Ashton-Miller JA. Levator ani muscle stretch induced by simulated vaginal birth. Obstet. Gynecol.103(1), 31–40 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bø K et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.175(1), 10–17 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittman AB, Wall LL. The evolutionary origins of obstructed labor: bipedalism, encephalization, and the human obstetric dilemma. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv.62(11), 739–748 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feola A, Abramowitch S, Jones K, Stein S, Moalli P. Parity negatively impacts vaginal mechanical properties and collagen structure in rhesus macaques. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.203(6), 595–598 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattson JA, Kuehl TJ, Yandell PM, Pierce LM, Coates KW. Evaluation of the aged female baboon as a model of pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic reconstructive surgery. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.192(5), 1395–1398 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abramowitch SD, Feola A, Jallah Z, Moalli PA. Tissue mechanics, animal models, and pelvic organ prolapse: a review. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.144(Suppl. 1), S146–S158 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLean JW. Vaginal prolapse in sheep. NZ Vet. J.4(2), 38–55 (1956).
   Google Scholar
• Nelson JF, Felicio LS, Randall PK, Sims C, Finch CE. A longitudinal study of estrous cyclicity in aging C57BL/6J mice: I. Cycle frequency, length and vaginal cytology. Biol. Reprod.27(2), 327–339 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee UJ, Gustilo-Ashby AM, Daneshgari F et al. Lower urogenital tract anatomical and functional phenotype in lysyl oxidase like-1 knockout mice resembles female pelvic floor dysfunction in humans. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.295(2), F545–F555 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLaughlin PJ, Bakall B, Choi J et al. Lack of fibulin-3 causes early aging and herniation, but not macular degeneration in mice. Hum. Mol. Genet.16(24), 3059–3070 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce LM, Grunlan MA, Hou Y, Baumann SS, Kuehl TJ, Muir TW. Biomechanical properties of synthetic and biologic graft materials following long-term implantation in the rabbit abdomen and vagina. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.200(5), 549–548 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowder JL, Debes KM, Moon DK, Howden N, Abramowitch SD, Moalli PA. Biomechanical adaptations of the rat vagina and supportive tissues in pregnancy to accommodate delivery. Obstet. Gynecol.109(1), 136–143 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letouzey V, Lavigne JP, Garric X, Coudane J, de Tayrac R, Callaghan DO. Is degradable antibiotic coating for synthetic meshes provide protection against experimental animal infection after fascia repair? J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B. Appl. Biomater. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.31973 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alperin M, Feola A, Duerr R, Moalli P, Abramowitch S. Pregnancy- and delivery-induced biomechanical changes in rat vagina persist postpartum. Int. Urogynecol. J.21(9), 1169–1174 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Zhao Y, Gao J et al. Elastic fiber homeostasis requires lysyl oxidase-like 1 protein. Nat. Genet.36(2), 178–182 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenton K, Shott S, Brubaker L. Vaginal topography does not correlate well with visceral position in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.8(6), 336–339 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu G, Daneshgari F, Li M et al. Bladder and urethral function in pelvic organ prolapsed lysyl oxidase like-1 knockout mice. BJU Int.100(2), 414–418 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lukacz ES, Lawrence JM, Contreras R, Nager CW, Luber KM. Parity, mode of delivery, and pelvic floor disorders. Obstet. Gynecol.107(6), 1253–1260 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewes PG, Yanagisawa H, Starcher B et al. Pelvic organ prolapse in fibulin-5 knockout mice: pregnancy-induced changes in elastic fiber homeostasis in mouse vagina. Am. J. Pathol.170(2), 578–589 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rahn DD, Ruff MD, Brown SA, Tibbals HF, Word RA. Biomechanical properties of the vaginal wall: effect of pregnancy, elastic fiber deficiency, and pelvic organ prolapse. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.198(5), 590–596 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rahn DD, Acevedo JF, Word RA. Effect of vaginal distention on elastic fiber synthesis and matrix degradation in the vaginal wall: potential role in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.295(4), R1351–R1358 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Budatha M, Roshanravan S, Zheng Q et al. Extracellular matrix proteases contribute to progression of pelvic organ prolapse in mice and humans. J. Clin. Invest.121(5), 2048–2059 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieslander CK, Rahn DD, McIntire DD et al. Quantification of pelvic organ prolapse in mice: vaginal protease activity precedes increased MOPQ scores in fibulin 5 knockout mice. Biol. Reprod.80(3), 407–414 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klutke J, Ji Q, Campeau J et al. Decreased endopelvic fascia elastin content in uterine prolapse. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.87(1), 111–115 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takacs P, Nassiri M, Viciana A, Candiotti K, Fornoni A, Medina CA. Fibulin-5 expression is decreased in women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.20(2), 207–211 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jung HJ, Jeon MJ, Yim GW, Kim SK, Choi JR, Bai SW. Changes in expression of fibulin-5 and lysyl oxidase-like 1 associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.145(1), 117–122 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Man WC, Ho JY, Wen Y, Sokol ER, Polan ML, Chen B. Is lysyl oxidase-like protein-1, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and neutrophil elastase site specific in pelvic organ prolapse? Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.20(12), 1423–1429 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connell KA, Guess MK, Chen H, Andikyan V, Bercik R, Taylor HS. HOXA11 is critical for development and maintenance of uterosacral ligaments and deficient in pelvic prolapse. J. Clin. Invest118(3), 1050–1055 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell KA, Guess MK, Chen HW, Lynch T, Bercik R, Taylor HS. HOXA11 promotes fibroblast proliferation and regulates p53 in uterosacral ligaments. Reprod. Sci.16(7), 694–700 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gabriel B, Watermann D, Hancke K et al. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in uterosacral ligaments is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.17(5), 478–482 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ma Y, Guess M, Datar A et al. Knockdown of Hoxa11 in vivo in the uterosacral ligament and uterus of mice results in altered collagen and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Biol. Reprod. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.111.093245 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Strinic T, Vulic M, Tomic S, Capkun V, Stipic I, Alujevic I. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in uterosacral ligament tissue from women with pelvic organ prolapse. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand.89(6), 832–834 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNanley AR, Johnson AM, Flynn MK, Wood RW, Kennedy SD, Reeder JE. Inherited pelvic organ prolapse in the mouse: preliminary evaluation of a new murine model. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.20(1), 19–25 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ennen S, Kloss S, Scheiner-Bobis G, Failing K, Wehrend A. Histological, hormonal and biomolecular analysis of the pathogenesis of ovine prolapsus vaginae ante partum. Theriogenology75(2), 212–219 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blaney BJ, Bloomfield RC, Moore CJ. Zearalenone intoxication of pigs. Aust. Vet. J.61(1), 24–27 (1984).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott P, Gessert M. Management of ovine vaginal prolapse. In Practice20(1), 28–34 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Sobiraj A. Ante partum vaginal prolapse in sheep – an unsolved problem. Tierarztl. Prax.18(1), 9–12 (1990).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Low JC, Sutherland HK. A census of the prevalence of vaginal prolapse in sheep flocks in the Borders region of Scotland. Vet. Rec.120(24), 571–575 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennetts HW. Metaplasia in the sex organs of castrated male sheep maintained on early subterranean clover pastures. Aust. Vet. J.22(3), 70–78 (1946).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams NR. Pathological changes in the tissue of infertile ewes with clover disease. J. Comp. Pathol.86(1), 29–35 (1976).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hosie BD, Low JC, Bradley HK, Robb J. Nutritional factors associated with vaginal prolapse in ewes. Vet. Rec.128(9), 204–208 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLean JW. Vaginal prolapse in ewes part III: the effect of topography on incidence. N. Z. Vet. J.5(3), 93–97 (1957).
   Google Scholar
• McLean JW, Claxton JH. Vaginal prolapse in sheep Part IV: cyclic changes in the vulva, vestibule, and vagina during the year. N. Z. Vet. J.6(5), 133–137 (1958).
   Google Scholar
• Scott PR, Gessert ME. Ultrasonographic examination of 12 ovine vaginal prolapses. Vet. J.155(3), 323–324 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sobiraj A, Busse G, Gips H, Bostedt H. Investigations into the blood plasma profiles of electrolytes, 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone in sheep suffering from vaginal inversion and prolapse ante partum. Br. Vet. J.142(3), 218–223 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stubbings DP. Observations on serum calcium levels in ewes in North Lincolnshire in relation to prolapse of the vagina and incomplete cervical dilatation. Vet. Rec.89(11), 296–300 (1971).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vipond JE, Lewis M, Horgan G, Noble RC. Malt distillers grains as a component of diets for ewes and lambs and its effects on carcass tissue lipid composition. An. Feed Sci. Technol.54(1), 65–79 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Rubod C, Boukerrou M, Brieu M, Dubois P, Cosson M. Biomechanical properties of vaginal tissue. Part 1: New experimental protocol. J. Urol.178(1), 320–325 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alcalay M, Livne M, Shidlovsky D, Hod E. Pullout force of polypropylene mesh deployed by EndoFast Reliant fastener – a comparative study in a sheep model. Presented at: International Continence Society. San Francisco, CA, USA, 1 October 2009.
   Google Scholar
• De Tayrac R, Alves A, Therin M. Collagen-coated vs noncoated low-weight polypropylene meshes in a sheep model for vaginal surgery. A pilot study. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.18(5), 513–520 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deprest J, Zheng F, Konstantinovic M et al. The biology behind fascial defects and the use of implants in pelvic organ prolapse repair. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.17(Suppl 1.), S16–S25 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krause H, Goh J. Sheep and rabbit genital tracts and abdominal wall as an implantation model for the study of surgical mesh. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res.35(2), 219–224 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rezapour M, Novara G, Meier PA, Holste J, Landgrebe S, Artibani W. A 3-month preclinical trial to assess the performance of a new TVT-like mesh (TVTx) in a sheep model. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.18(2), 183–187 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosse P, Grimand B, Mialot J. Vaginal prolapse in ewe. Rec. Med. Vet. Ec. Alfort.165, 355 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Baden WF, Walker TA. Genesis of the vaginal profile: a correlated classification of vaginal relaxation. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol.15(4), 1048–1054 (1972).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayen E, Noakes DE. Displacement of the tubular genital tract of the ewe during pregnancy. Vet. Rec.141(20), 509–512 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnhart KT, Izquierdo A, Pretorius ES, Shera DM, Shabbout M, Shaunik A. Baseline dimensions of the human vagina. Hum. Reprod.21(6), 1618–1622 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McSporran KD, Fielden ED. Studies on dystocia in sheep. II: Pelvic measurements of ewes with histories of dystocia and eutocia. N. Z. Vet. J.27(4), 75–78 (1979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean JW, Claxton JH. Vaginal prolapse in ewes: part VII: the measurement and effect of intra-abdominal pressure. N. Z. Vet. J.8(3), 51–61 (1960).
   Google Scholar
• Nygaard I, Kreder K, Mueller E et al. Does urethral competence affect urodynamic voiding parameters in women with prolapse? Neurourol. Urodyn.26(7), 1030–1035 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hendrix SL, Clark A, Nygaard I, Aragaki A, Barnabei V, McTiernan A. Pelvic organ prolapse in the Women’s Health Initiative: gravity and gravidity. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.186(6), 1160–1166 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai S, Chung D, Yoon J, Shin J, Kim S, Park K. Roles of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p53 and p21 in pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse. Int. Urogynecol. J.16(6), 492–496 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Chen B, Wen Y, Yu X, Polan ML. Elastin metabolism in pelvic tissues: Is it modulated by reproductive hormones? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.192(5), 1605–1613 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chung DJ, Bai SW. Roles of sex steroid receptors and cell cycle regulation in pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol.18(5), 551–554 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams NR, Hearnshaw H, Oldham CM. Abnormal function of the corpus luteum in some ewes with phyto-oestrogenic infertility. Aust. J. Biol. Sci.34(1), 61–65 (1981).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams NR. Morphogenic change in the cervix of the ewe after prolonged exposure to oestradiol-17 beta. J. Reprod. Fertil.76(2), 727–733 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams NR. Morphological changes in the organs of ewes grazing oestrogenic subterranean clover. Res. Vet. Sci.22(2), 216–221 (1977).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obst JM, Seamark RF. Hormone studies on ewes grazing an oestrogenic (Yarloop clover) pasture during the reproductive cycle. Aust. J. Biol. Sci.28(3), 279–290 (1975).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shackell G, Wylie J, Kelly R. Effects of prolonged exposure of ewes to oestrogenic pasture 2. Occurence of abnormalities of the external genitalia and altered mating performance. N. Z. J. Agric. Res.36, 459–464 (1993).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underwood EJ, Shier FL. The permanence of the oestrogenic effects of subterranean clover grazing on the ewe. Aust. Vet. J.27(3), 63–67 (1951).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shepherd PR. Vaginal prolapse in ewes. Vet. Rec.130(25), 564 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gruber DD, Warner WB, Lombardini ED, Zahn CM, Buller JL. Anatomical and histological examination of the porcine vagina and supportive structures: in search of an ideal model for pelvic floor disorder evaluation and management. Fem. Pelv. Med. Recon. Surg.17(3), 110–114 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Otto LN, Slayden OD, Clark AL, Brenner RM. The rhesus macaque as an animal model for pelvic organ prolapse. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.186(3), 416–421 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pierce LM, Reyes M, Thor KB et al. Innervation of the levator ani muscles in the female squirrel monkey. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.188(5), 1141–1147 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenberg K, Trevathan W. Birth, obstetrics and human evolution. Br. J.Obstet. Gynecol.109(11), 1199–1206 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Adams RJ, Rock JA, Swindle MM, Garnett NL, Porter WP. Surgical correction of genital prolapse in three rhesus monkeys. Lab. Anim. Sci.35(4), 405–408 (1985).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartwig WC. Perinatal life history traits in new world monkeys. Am. J. Primat.40, 99–130 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Coates KW, Galan HL, Shull BL, Kuehl TJ. The squirrel monkey: an animal model of pelvic relaxation. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.172(2 Pt 1), 588–593 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barber MD, Bremer RE, Thor KB, Dolber PC, Kuehl TJ, Coates KW. Innervation of the female levator ani muscles. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.187(1), 64–71 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce LM, Baumann S, Rankin MR et al. Levator ani muscle and connective tissue changes associated with pelvic organ prolapse, parity, and aging in the squirrel monkey: a histologic study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.197(1), 60–69 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konstantinovic ML, Pille E, Malinowska M, Verbeken E, De Ridder D, Deprest J. Tensile strength and host response towards different polypropylene implant materials used for augmentation of fascial repair in a rat model. Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct.18(6), 619–626 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krause HG, Galloway SJ, Khoo SK, Lourie R, Goh JT. Biocompatible properties of surgical mesh using an animal model. Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.46(1), 42–45 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sergent F, Desilles N, Lacoume Y, Bunel C, Marie JP, Marpeau L. Mechanical evaluation of synthetic biomaterials used in the correction of pelvic floor disorders – experimental study in rabbits. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.147(1), 106–110 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang K, Han J, Yao Y, Yang J, Qiao J. Local reaction to the different meshes at the vesicovaginal space in rabbit model. Int. Urogynecol. J. doi:10.1007/s00192-011-1612-z (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Ho MH, Heydarkhan S, Vernet D et al. Stimulating vaginal repair in rats through skeletal muscle-derived stem cells seeded on small intestinal submucosal scaffolds. Obstet. Gynecol.114(2 Pt 1), 300–309 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen JN, Jakus-Waldman SM, Walter AJ, White T, Menefee SA. Perioperative complications and reoperations after incontinence and prolapse surgeries using prosthetic implants. Obstet. Gynecol.119(3), 539–546 (2012).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheidbach H, Tamme C, Tannapfel A, Lippert H, Kockerling F. In vivo studies comparing the biocompatibility of various polypropylene meshes and their handling properties during endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) patchplasty: an experimental study in pigs. Surg. Endosc.18(2), 211–220 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Filippo RE, Bishop CE, Filho LF, Yoo JJ, Atala A. Tissue engineering a complete vaginal replacement from a small biopsy of autologous tissue. Transplantation86(2), 208–214 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Couri BM, Lenis AT, Kinley B, Balog BM, Kuang M, Damaser MS. Post-partum upregulation of stem cell homing cytokines in lysyl oxidase like-1 knock out model of pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol. Urodyn.31, 231 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Clark AL, Gregory WT, Pearson JM, Lou JS, Nixon R, Slayden OD. Poster 2: spontaneous Grade III pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in the rhesus macaque. Fem. Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg.11(Suppl. 1), S26 (2005).
   Google Scholar