Emergence and clinical insights into the pathology of Chikungunya virus infection

References

• Pialoux G, Gauzere BA, Jaureguiberry S, Strobel M. Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis. Lancet Infect. Dis.7, 319–327 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Das T, Hoarau JJ et al. Chikungunya virus takes centre stage in virally induced arthritis: possible cellular and molecular mechanisms to pathogenesis. Microbes Infect.11, 1206–1218 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strauss JH, Strauss EG. The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication, and evolution. Microbiol. Rev.58, 491–562 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson MC. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–1953. I. Clinical features. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.49, 28–32 (1955).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lemant J, Boisson V, Winer A et al. Serious acute Chikungunya virus infection requiring intensive care during the Reunion Island outbreak in 2005–2006. Crit. Care Med.36, 2536–2541 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavalankar D, Shastri P, Raman P. Chikungunya epidemic in India: a major public-health disaster. Lancet Infect. Dis.7, 306–307 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sissoko D, Malvy D, Ezzedine K et al. Post-epidemic Chikungunya disease on Reunion Island: course of rheumatic manifestations and associated factors over a 15-month period. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.3, e389 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross RW. The Newala epidemic. III. The virus: isolation, pathogenic properties and relationship to the epidemic. J. Hyg.54, 177–191 (1956).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Filipe AF, Pinto MR. Arbovirus studies in Luanda, Angola. 2. Virological and serological studies during an outbreak of dengue-like disease caused by the Chikungunya virus. Bull. World Health Organ.49, 37–40 (1973).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanov AP, Ivanova OE, Lomonosov NN et al. Serological investigations of Chikungunya virus in the Republic of Guinea. Ann. Soc. Belg. Med. Trop.72, 73–74 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore DL, Reddy S, Akinkugbe FM et al. An epidemic of Chikungunya fever at Ibadan, Nigeria, 1969. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol.68, 59–68 (1974).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilherme JM, Gonella-Legall C, Legall F, Nakoume E, Vincent J. Seroprevalence of five arboviruses in Zebu cattle in the Central African Republic. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.90, 31–33 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh BM, Harwin RM, Paterson HE, Westwater ML. An epidemic of Chikungunya in south-eastern southern Rhodesia. Cent. Afr. J. Med.43, 351–359 (1963).
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie JS, Chua KB, Daniels PW et al. Emerging viral diseases of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Emerg. Infect. Dis.7, 497–504 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter KR, Tan R, Istary Y et al. A serological study of Chikungunya virus transmission in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: evidence for the first outbreak since 1982. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health35, 408–415 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao TR. Immunological surveys of arbovirus infections in South-East Asia, with special reference to dengue, Chikungunya, and Kyasanur Forest disease. Bull. World Health Organ.44, 585–591 (1971).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergon K, Njuguna C, Kalani R et al. Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on Lamu Island, Kenya, October 2004. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.78, 333–337 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergon K, Yahaya AA, Brown J et al. Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus infection on Grande Comore Island, union of the Comoros, 2005. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.76, 1189–1193 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerardin P, Barau G, Michault A et al. Multidisciplinary prospective study of mother-to-child Chikungunya virus infections on the island of La Reunion. PLoS Med5, e60 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renault P, Solet JL, Sissoko D et al. A major epidemic of Chikungunya virus infection on Reunion Island, France, 2005–2006. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.77, 727–731 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng K, Li J, Zhang Q et al. Genetic analysis of Chikungunya viruses imported to mainland China in 2008. Virol. J.7, 8 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rezza G, Nicoletti L, Angelini R et al. Infection with Chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. Lancet370, 1840–1846 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers AM, Brault AC, Tesh RB, Weaver SC. Re-emergence of Chikungunya and O’nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships. J. Gen. Virol.81, 471–479 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers AM, Logue CH. Changing patterns of Chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J. Gen. Virol.88, 2363–2377 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kariuki Njenga M, Nderitu L, Ledermann JP et al. Tracking epidemic Chikungunya virus into the Indian Ocean from East Africa. J. Gen. Virol.89, 2754–2760 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang JH, Yang CF, Su CL et al. Imported Chikungunya virus strains, Taiwan, 2006–2009. Emerg. Infect. Dis.15, 1854–1856 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parola P, de Lamballerie X, Jourdan J et al. Novel Chikungunya virus variant in travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands. Emerg. Infect. Dis.12, 1493–1499 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore CG, Mitchell CJ. Aedes albopictus in the United States: ten-year presence and public health implications. Emerg. Infect. Dis.3, 329–334 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gould EA, Higgs S. Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.103, 109–121 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuffenecker I, Iteman I, Michault A et al. Genome microevolution of Chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak. PLoS Med.3, e263 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, Higgs S. A single mutation in Chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential. PLoS Pathog.3, e201 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Coudrier D et al. Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus. PLoS One2, e1168 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kam YW, Ong EK, Renia L, Tong JC, Ng LF. Immuno-biology of Chikungunya and implications for disease intervention. Microbes Infect.11, 1186–1196 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar NP, Joseph R, Kamaraj T, Jambulingam P. A226V mutation in virus during the 2007 Chikungunya outbreak in Kerala, India. J. Gen. Virol.89, 1945–1948 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leo YS, Chow AL, Tan LK et al. Chikungunya outbreak, Singapore, 2008. Emerg. Infect. Dis.15, 836–837 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robillard PY, Boumahni B, Gerardin P et al. [Vertical maternal fetal transmission of the Chikungunya virus. Ten cases among 84 pregnant women]. Presse Med.35, 785–788 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramful D, Carbonnier M, Pasquet M et al. Mother-to-child transmission of Chikungunya virus infection. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.26, 811–815 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao G, Khan YZ, Chitnis DS. Chikungunya infection in neonates. Ind. Pediatr.45, 240–242 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Senanayake MP, Senanayake SM, Vidanage KK, Gunasena S, Lamabadusuriya SP. Vertical transmission in Chikungunya infection. Ceylon Med. J.54, 47–50 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samperiz E, Gerardin P, Noormahomed T, Beullier G, Boya I. [Perinatal transmission of Chikungunya virus infection: 47 cases from La Réunion Island]. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales100, 355 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Ramful D, Fourmaintraux A, Rollot A et al. [Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years in children with materno-fetal Chikungunya virus infection]. Arch. Pediatr. Livre des Résumés17(6, Suppl. 1), 17 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Fritel X, Rollot O, Gerardin P et al. Chikungunya virus infection during pregnancy, Reunion, France, 2006. Emerg. Infect. Dis.16, 418–425 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touret Y, Randrianaivo H, Michault A et al. [Early maternal–fetal transmission of the Chikungunya virus]. Presse Med.35, 1656–1658 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Couderc T, Chretien F, Schilte C et al. A mouse model for Chikungunya: young age and inefficient type-I interferon signaling are risk factors for severe disease. PLoS Pathog.4, e29 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grivard P, Le Roux K, Laurent P et al. Molecular and serological diagnosis of Chikungunya virus infection. Pathol. Biol. (Paris)55, 490–494 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ernould S, Walters H, Alessandri JL et al. [Chikungunya in paediatrics: epidemic of 2005–2006 in Saint-Denis, Reunion Island]. Arch. Pediatr.15, 253–262 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le Bomin A, Hebert JC, Marty P, Delaunay P. [Confirmed Chikungunya in children in Mayotte. Description of 50 patients hospitalized from February to June 2006]. Med. Trop. (Mars.)68, 491–495 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valamparampil JJ, Chirakkarot S, Letha S, Jayakumar C, Gopinathan KM. Clinical profile of Chikungunya in infants. Ind. J. Pediatr.76, 151–155 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robin S, Ramful D, Le Seach F et al. Neurologic manifestations of pediatric Chikungunya infection. J. Child Neurol.23, 1028–1035 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewthwaite P, Vasanthapuram R, Osborne JC et al. Chikungunya virus and central nervous system infections in children, India. Emerg. Infect. Dis.15, 329–331 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Couderc T, Khandoudi N, Grandadam M et al. Prophylaxis and therapy for Chikungunya virus infection. J. Infect. Dis.200, 516–523 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Staikowsky F et al. Outbreak of Chikungunya on Reunion Island: early clinical and laboratory features in 157 adult patients. Clin. Infect. Dis.44, 1401–1407 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshmi V, Neeraja M, Subbalaxmi MV et al. Clinical features and molecular diagnosis of Chikungunya fever from South India. Clin. Infect. Dis.46, 1436–1442 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Her Z, Kam YW, Lin RT, Ng LF. Chikungunya: a bending reality. Microbes Infect.11, 1165–1176 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterrieth P, Deleplanque-Liegeois P, Renoirte R. [Research on the Chikungunya virus in the Belgian Congo. II. Serological investigation]. Ann. Soc. Belg. Med. Trop. (1920)40, 205–213 (1960).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panning M, Grywna K, van Esbroeck M, Emmerich P, Drosten C. Chikungunya fever in travelers returning to Europe from the Indian Ocean region, 2006. Emerg. Infect. Dis.14, 416–422 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoarau JJ, Bandjee MC, Trotot PK et al. Persistent chronic inflammation and infection by Chikungunya arthritogenic alphavirus in spite of a robust host immune response. J. Immunol.184, 5914–5927 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng LF, Chow A, Sun YJ et al. IL-1β, IL-6, and RANTES as biomarkers of Chikungunya severity. PLoS One4, e4261 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economopoulou A, Dominguez M, Helynck B et al. Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations, mortality and risk factors for severe disease during the 2005–2006 outbreak on Reunion. Epidemiol. Infect.137, 534–541 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazaud R, Salaun JJ, Montabone H, Goube P, Bazillio R. [Acute neurologic and sensorial disorders in dengue and Chikungunya fever]. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales64, 22–30 (1971).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lebrun G, Chadda K, Reboux AH, Martinet O, Gauzere BA. Guillain–Barre syndrome after Chikungunya infection. Emerg. Infect. Dis.15, 495–496 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang E, Volkova E, Adams AP et al. Chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates for Chikungunya. Vaccine26, 5030–5039 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegler SA, Lu L, da Rosa AP, Xiao SY, Tesh RB. An animal model for studying the pathogenesis of Chikungunya virus infection. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.79, 133–139 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahesh G, Giridhar A, Shedbele A, Kumar R, Saikumar SJ. A case of bilateral presumed Chikungunya neuroretinitis. Ind. J. Ophthalmol.57, 148–150 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prashant S, Kumar AS, Basheeruddin DD, Chowdhary TN, Madhu B. Cutaneous manifestations in patients suspected of Chikungunya disease. Ind. J. Dermatol.54, 128–131 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talarmin F, Staikowsky F, Schoenlaub P et al. [Skin and mucosal manifestations of Chikungunya virus infection in adults in Reunion Island]. Med. Trop. (Mars.)67, 167–173 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tandale BV, Sathe PS, Arankalle VA et al. Systemic involvements and fatalities during Chikungunya epidemic in India, 2006. J. Clin. Virol.46(2), 145–149 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sankari T, Hoti SL, Govindaraj V, Das PK. Chikungunya and respiratory viral infections. Lancet Infect. Dis.8, 3–4 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Andrade DC, Jean S, Clavelou P, Dallel R, Bouhassira D. Chronic pain associated with the Chikungunya fever: long lasting burden of an acute illness. BMC Infect. Dis.10, 31 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soumahoro MK, Gerardin P, Boelle PY et al. Impact of Chikungunya virus infection on health status and quality of life: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS One4, e7800 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Tesh RB. Arthritides caused by mosquito-borne viruses. Annu. Rev. Med.33, 31–40 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley D, Sleigh A, Ritchie S. Ross River virus transmission, infection, and disease: a cross-disciplinary review. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.14, 909–932 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine B, Hardwick JM, Griffin DE. Persistence of alphaviruses in vertebrate hosts. Trends Microbiol.2, 25–28 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suhrbier A, La Linn M. Clinical and pathologic aspects of arthritis due to Ross River virus and other alphaviruses. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.16, 374–379 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toivanen A. Alphaviruses: an emerging cause of arthritis? Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.20, 486–490 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brighton SW, Simson IW. A destructive arthropathy following Chikungunya virus arthritis – a possible association. Clin. Rheumatol.3, 253–258 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourie ED, Morrison JG. Rheumatoid arthritic syndrome after Chikungunya fever. S. Afr. Med. J.56, 130–132 (1979).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon F, Parola P, Grandadam M et al. Chikungunya infection: an emerging rheumatism among travelers returned from Indian Ocean islands. Report of 47 cases. Medicine86, 123–137 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Jossaume A et al. Persistent arthralgia associated with Chikungunya virus: a study of 88 adult patients on Reunion island. Clin. Infect. Dis.47, 469–475 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manimunda SP, Vijayachari P, Uppoor R et al. Clinical progression of Chikungunya fever during acute and chronic arthritic stages and the changes in joint morphology as revealed by imaging. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.104, 392–399 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chopra A, Anuradha V, Lagoo-Joshi V et al. Chikungunya virus aches and pains: an emerging challenge. Arthritis Rheum.58, 2921–2922 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bouquillard E, Combe B. Rheumatoid arthritis after Chikungunya fever: a prospective follow-up study of 21 cases. Ann. Rheum. Dis.68, 1505–1506 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malvy D, Ezzedine K, Mamani-Matsuda M et al. Destructive arthritis in a patient with Chikungunya virus infection with persistent specific IgM antibodies. BMC Infect. Dis.9, 200 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labadie K, Larcher T, Joubert C et al. Chikungunya disease in nonhuman primates involves long-term viral persistence in macrophages. J. Clin. Invest.120, 894–906 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorge F. [Prevention with repellent in children]. Arch Pediatr.16(Suppl. 2), S115–S122 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brighton SW. Chloroquine phosphate treatment of chronic Chikungunya arthritis. An open pilot study. S. Afr. Med. J.66, 217–218 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maheshwari RK, Srikantan V, Bhartiya D. Chloroquine enhances replication of Semliki Forest virus and encephalomyocarditis virus in mice. J. Virol.65, 992–995 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lamballerie X, Ninove L, Charrel RN. Antiviral treatment of Chikungunya virus infection. Infect. Disord. Drug Targets9, 101–104 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gardner J, Anraku I, Le TT et al. Chikungunya virus arthritis in adult wild-type mice. J. Virol.84(16), 8021–8032 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malet H, Coutard B, Jamal S et al. The crystal structures of Chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP3 macro domains define a conserved adenosine binding pocket. J. Virol.83, 6534–6545 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dash PK, Tiwari M, Santhosh SR, Parida M, Lakshmana Rao PV. RNA interference mediated inhibition of Chikungunya virus replication in mammalian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.376, 718–722 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiboutot MM, Kannan S, Kawalekar OU et al. Chikungunya: a potentially emerging epidemic? PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis.4, e623 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckels KH, Harrison VR, Hetrick FM. Chikungunya virus vaccine prepared by Tween-ether extraction. Appl. Microbiol.19, 321–325 (1970).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison VR, Eckels KH, Bartelloni PJ, Hampton C. Production and evaluation of a formalin-killed Chikungunya vaccine. J. Immunol.107, 643–647 (1971).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt NH, Ramsburg HH, Hasty SE et al. Development of an attenuated strain of Chikungunya virus for use in vaccine production. Vaccine4, 157–162 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClain DJ, Pittman PR, Ramsburg HH et al. Immunologic interference from sequential administration of live attenuated alphavirus vaccines. J. Infect. Dis.177, 634–641 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelman R, Tacket CO, Wasserman SS et al. Phase II safety and immunogenicity study of live Chikungunya virus vaccine TSI-GSD-218. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.62, 681–685 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthumani K, Lankaraman KM, Laddy DJ et al. Immunogenicity of novel consensus-based DNA vaccines against Chikungunya virus. Vaccine26, 5128–5134 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akahata W, Yang ZY, Andersen H et al. A virus-like particle vaccine for epidemic Chikungunya virus protects nonhuman primates against infection. Nat. Med.16, 334–338
   PubMedGoogle Scholar