References
- Coid JW, Kirkbride JB, Barker D et al. Raised incidence rates of all psychoses among migrant groups. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry65, 1250–1258 (2008).
- Fearon P, Kirkbride JB, Morgan C et al. Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP study. Psychol. Med.36, 1541–1550 (2006).
- Veling W, Selten JP, Veen N, Laan W, Blom JD, Hoek HW. Incidence of schizophrenia among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands: a four-year first-contact study. Schizophr. Res.86, 189–193 (2006).
- Cantor-Graae E, Selten JP. Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review. Am. J. Psychiatry162, 12–24 (2005).
- Van Os J, Kapur S. Schizophrenia. Lancet374, 635–645 (2009).
- Oslash;degaard O. Emigration and insanity: a study of mental disease among Norwegian-born population in Minnesota. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand.7(Suppl. 4), 1–206 (1932).
- Malzberg B. Mental disease among the native and foreign-born white populations of New York State, 1939–1941. Ment. Hyg.39, 545–563 (1955).
- Kiev A. Psychiatric morbidity of West Indian immigrants in an urban group practice. Br. J. Psychiatry111, 51–56 (1965).
- Hemsi LK. Psychotic morbidity of West Indian immigrants. Soc. Psychiatr.2, 95–100 (1967).
- Mortensen PB, Cantor-Graae E, McNeil TF. Increased rates of schizophrenia among immigrants: some methodological concerns raised by Danish findings. Psychol. Med.27, 813–820 (1997).
- Harrison G, Glazebrook C, Brewin J et al. Increased incidence of psychotic disorders in migrants from the Caribbean to the United Kingdom. Psychol. Med.27(4), 799–806 (1997).
- Bhugra D, Leff J, Mallett R, Der G, Corridan B, Rudge S. Incidence and outcome of schizophrenia in whites, African–Caribbeans and Asians in London. Psychol. Med.27(4), 791–798 (1997).
- King M, Coker E, Leavy G, Hoare A, Johnson-Sabine E. Incidence of psychotic illness in London: comparison of ethnic groups. BMJ309, 1115–1119 (1994).
- Smith GN, Boydell J, Murray RM et al. The incidence of schizophrenia in European immigrants to Canada. Schizophr. Res.87, 205–211 (2006).
- Krupinski J, Cochrane R. Migration and mental health – a comparative study. J. Intercult. Stud.1, 49–57 (1980).
- Cantor-Graae E, Zolkowska K, McNeil TF. Increased risk of psychotic disorder among immigrants in Malmö: a 3-year first-contact study. Psychol. Med.35, 1155–1163 (2005).
- Zolkowska K, Cantor-Graae E, McNeil TF. Increased rates of psychosis among immigrants to Sweden: is migration a risk factor for psychosis?. Psychol. Med.31, 669–678 (2001).
- Cantor-Graae E, Pedersen CB, McNeil TF, Mortensen PB. Migration as a risk factor for schizophrenia: a Danish population-based cohort study. Br. J. Psychiatry182, 117–122 (2003).
- Weiser M, Werbeloff N, Vishna T et al. Elaboration on immigration and risk for schizophrenia. Psychol. Med.38, 1113–1119 (2008).
- Corcoran C, Perrin M, Harlap S et al. Incidence of schizophrenia among second-generation immigrants in the Jerusalem perinatal cohort. Schizophr. Bull.35, 596–602 (2009).
- Selten JP, Sijben N. First admission rates for schizophrenia in immigrants to The Netherlands. The Dutch National Register. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol.29(2), 71–77 (1994).
- Selten JP, Slaets JPJ, Kahn RS. Schizophrenia in Surinamese and Dutch Antillean immigrants to The Netherlands: evidence of an increased incidence. Psychol. Med.27, 807–811 (1997).
- Selten JP, Veen N, Feller W et al. Incidence of psychotic disorders in immigrant groups to The Netherlands. Br. J. Psychiatry178, 367–372 (2001).
- Dealberto M-J. Ethnic origin and increased risk for schizophrenia in immigrants to countries of recent and longstanding immigration. Acta Psychiatr. Scand.121, 325–339 (2010).
- Bresnahan M, Begg MD, Brown AS et al. Race and risk of schizophrenia in a US birth cohort: another example of health disparity?. Int. J. Epidemiol.36, 751–758 (2007).
- McGrath JJ, Saha S, Welham J, El Saadi O, MacCauley C, Chant D. A systematic review of the incidence of schizophrenia: the distribution of rates and the influence of sex, urbanicity, migrant status and methodology. BMC Med.2, 13 (2004).
- Bhugra D, Hilwig M, Hossein B et al. First-contact incidence rates of schizophrenia in Trinidad and one-year follow-up. Br. J. Psychiatry169, 587–592 (1996).
- Hickling FW, Rodgers-Johnson P. The incidence of first contact schizophrenia in Jamaica. Br. J. Psychiatry167, 193–196 (1995).
- Mahy GE, Mallett R, Leff J, Bhugra D. First-contact incidence rate of schizophrenia on Barbados. Br. J. Psychiatry175, 28–33 (1999).
- Selten JP, Zeyl C, Dwarkasing R, Lumsden V, Kahn RS, van Harten PN. First-contact incidence of schizophrenia in Surinam. Br. J. Psychiatry186, 74–75 (2005).
- Sullivan PF, Kendler KS, Neale MC. Schizophrenia as a complex trait: evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry60, 1187–1192 (2003).
- Selten JP, Cantor-Graae E, Slaets J, Kahn RS. Ødegaard’s selection hypothesis revisited: schizophrenia in Surinamese immigrants to The Netherlands. Am. J. Psychiatry159(4), 669–671 (2002).
- López SR, Guarnaccia PJ. Cultural dimensions of psychopathology: the social world’s impact on mental illness. In: Psychopathology. Foundations for a Contemporay Understanding. Maddux JE, Winstead BA (Eds). Erlbaum, NJ, USA, 21–42 (2005).
- Zandi T, Havenaar JM, Limburg-Okken AG et al. The need for culture sensitive diagnostic procedures: a study among psychotic patients in Morocco. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol.43, 244–250 (2008).
- Zandi T, Havenaar JM, Smits M et al. First contact incidence of psychotic disorders among native Dutch and Moroccan immigrants in the Netherlands: influence of diagnostic bias. Schizophr. Res.119(1–3), 27–33 (2010).
- Hickling FW, McKenzie K, Mullen R, Murray R. A Jamaican psychiatrist evaluates diagnoses at a London psychiatric hospital. Br. J. Psychiatry175, 283–285 (1999).
- Minsky S, Vega W, Miskimen T, Gara M, Escobar J. Diagnostic patterns in Latino, African American, and European American psychiatric patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry60, 637–644 (2003).
- Neighbors HW, Jackson JS, Campbell L, Williams D. The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: a review and suggestions for research. Community Ment. Health J.25, 301–311 (1989).
- Strakowski SM, Flaum M, Amador X et al. Racial differences in the diagnosis of psychosis. Schizophr. Res.21, 117–124 (1996).
- Adebimpe VR. Race, racism, and epidemiological surveys. Hosp. Community Psychiatry45, 27–31 (1994).
- Jones BE, Gray BA. Problems in diagnosing schizophrenia and affective disorders among Blacks. Hosp. Community Psychiatry37, 61–65 (1986).
- Neighbors HW, Trierweiler SJ, Ford BC, Muroff JR. Racial differences in DSM diagnosis using a semi-structured instrument: the importance of clinical judgment in the diagnosis of African Americans. J. Health Soc. Behav.44(3), 237–256 (2003).
- Sohler NL, Bromet EJ, Lavelle J, Craig TJ, Mojtabai R. Are there racial differences in the way patients with psychotic disorders are treated at their first hospitalization?. Psychol. Med.34, 705–718 (2004).
- Harvey I, Williams P, McGuffin P, Toone BK. The functional psychoses in Afro–Caribbeans. Br. J. Psychiatry157, 515–522 (1990).
- Hutchinson G, Takei N, Sham P, Harvey I, Murray RM. Factor analysis of symptoms in schizophrenia: differences between White and Caribbean patients in Camberwell. Psychol. Med.29, 607–612 (1999).
- Arnold LM, Keck PE Jr, Collins J et al. Ethnicity and first-rank symptoms in patients with psychosis. Schizophr. Res.67, 207–212 (2004).
- Barrio C, Yamada A-M, Atuel H et al. A tri-ethnic examination of symptom expression on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr. Res.60(2–3), 259–269 (2003).
- Bhugra D, Hilwig M, Corridan B et al. A comparison of symptoms in cases with first onset of schizophrenia across four groups. Eur. J. Psychiatry14(4), 241–249 (2000).
- Veling W, Selten JP, Mackenbach JP, Hoek HW. Symptoms at first contact for psychotic disorder: comparison between native Dutch and ethnic minorities. Schizophr. Res.95, 30–38 (2007).
- Kleinman A. Clinical relevance of anthropological and cross-cultural research: concepts and strategies. Am. J. Psychiatry135, 427–431 (1978).
- Al-Issa I. The illusion of reality or the reality of illusion; hallucinations and culture. Br. J. Psychiatry166(3), 368–373 (1995).
- Mezzich JE, Kirmayer LJ, Kleinman A et al. The place of culture in DSM-IV. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis.187(8), 457–464 (1999).
- Garety P, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington P. A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychol. Med.31, 189–195 (2001).
- Janssen I, Hanssen M, Bak M et al. Discrimination and delusional ideation. Br. J. Psychiatry182, 71–76 (2003).
- Raune D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Event attributes and the content of psychotic experiences in first-episode psychosis. Psychol. Med.36, 221–230 (2006).
- Combs DR, Penn DL, Cassisi J et al. Perceived racism as a predictor of paranoia among African Americans. J. Black Psychol.32, 87–104 (2006).
- Freeman D, Garety PA, Bebbington PE et al. Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in a non-clinical population. Br. J. Psychiatry186, 427–435 (2005).
- Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int. J. Epidemiol.14, 32–38 (1985).
- Schwartz S, Diez Roux AV, Susser E. Causal explanation outside the black box. In: Psychiatric Epidemiology; Searching for the Causes of Mental Disorders. Susser E, Schwartz S, Morabia A, Bromet EJ (Eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 441–460 (2006).
- Byrne M, Agerbo E, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB. Parental socio-economic status and risk of first admission with schizophrenia: a Danish national register based study. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol.39, 87–96 (2004).
- Harrison G, Gunnell D, Glazebrook C, Page K, Kwiecinski R. Association between schizophrenia and social inequality at birth: case–control study. Br. J. Psychiatry179(4), 346–350 (2001).
- Mulvany F, O’Callaghan E, Takei N, Byrne M, Fearon P, Larkin C. Effect of social class at birth on risk and presentation of schizophrenia: case–control study. BMJ323, 1398–1401 (2001).
- Werner S, Malaspina D, Rabinowitz J. Socioeconomic status at birth is associated with risk of schizophrenia: population-based multilevel study. Schizophr. Bull.33, 1373–1378 (2007).
- Cooper B. Immigration and schizophrenia: the social causation hypothesis revisited. Br. J. Psychiatry186, 361–363 (2005).
- Hjern A, Wicks S, Dalman C. Social adversity contributes to high morbidity in psychoses in immigrants – a national cohort study in two generations of Swedish residents. Psychol. Med.34, 1025–1033 (2004).
- Kirkbride JB, Barker D, Cowden F et al. Psychoses, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Br. J. Psychiatry193, 18–24 (2008).
- Faris R, Dunham HW. Mental Disorders in Urban Areas. University of Chicago Press, IL, USA (1939).
- Croudace TJ, Kayne R, Jones PB, Harrison GL. Non-linear relationship between an index of social deprivation, psychiatric admission prevalence and the incidence of psychosis. Psychol. Med.30, 177–185 (2000).
- Boydell J, van Os J, McKenzie K et al. Incidence of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities in London: ecological study into interactions with environment. BMJ323, 1336–1338 (2001).
- Veling W, Susser E, Van Os J, Mackenbach JP, Selten JP, Hoek HW. Ethnic density of neighborhoods and incidence of psychotic disorders among immigrants. Am. J. Psychiatry165, 66–73 (2008).
- Morgan C, Kirkbride J, Hutchinson G et al. Cumulative social disadvantage, ethnicity and first-episode psychosis: a case–control study. Psychol. Med.38, 1701–1715 (2008).
- Mallett R, Leff J, Bhugra D, Pang D, Zhao J. Social environment, ethnicity and schizophrenia: a case–control study. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol.37, 329–335 (2002).
- Morgan C, Kirkbride J, Leff J et al. Parental separation, loss and psychosis in different ethnic groups: a case–control study. Psychol. Med.37, 495–503 (2007).
- Wicks S, Hjern A, Gunnell D, Lewis G, Dalman C. Social adversity in childhood and the risk of developing psychosis: a national cohort study. Am. J. Psychiatry162, 1652–1657 (2005).
- Halpern D. Minorities and mental health. Soc. Sci. Med.36(5), 597–607 (1993).
- Essed P. Understanding Everyday Racism; an Interdisciplinary Theory. SAGE Publications, Inc, CA, USA (1991).
- Williams DR, Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. Am. J. Public Health93(2), 200–208 (2003).
- Branscombe NR, Schmitt MT, Harvey RD. Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: implications for group identification and well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol.77, 135–149 (1999).
- Noh S, Kaspar V. Perceived discrimination and depression: moderating effects of coping, acculturation, and ethnic support. Am. J. Public Health93(2), 232–238 (2003).
- Karlsen S, Nazroo JY, McKenzie K, Bhui K, Weich S. Racism, psychosis and common mental disorder among ethnic minority groups in England. Psychol. Med.35, 1795–1803 (2005).
- Veling W, Selten JP, Susser E, Laan W, Mackenbach JP, Hoek HW. Discrimination and the incidence of psychotic disorders among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands. Int. J. Epidemiol.36, 761–768 (2007).
- Veling W, Hoek HW, Mackenbach JP. Perceived discrimination and the risk of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities: a case–control study. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol.43, 953–959 (2008).
- Cooper C, Morgan C, Byrne M et al. Perceptions of disadvantage, ethnicity and psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry192, 185–190 (2008).
- Putnam RD. Bowling Alone. Simon and Schuster, NY, USA (2000).
- Van Os J, Driessen G, Gunther N, Delespaul P. Neighbourhood variation in incidence of schizophrenia. Evidence for person-environment interaction. Br. J. Psychiatry176, 243–248 (2000).
- Silver E, Mulvey EP, Swanson JW. Neighborhood structural characteristics and mental disorder: Faris and Dunham revisited. Soc. Sci. Med.55, 1457–1470 (2002).
- De Silva MJ, McKenzie K, Harpham T, Huttly SRA. Social capital and mental illness: a systematic review. J. Epidemiol Community Health59, 619–627 (2005).
- Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, Lochner K, Prothrow-Stith D. Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. Am. J. Public Health87, 1491–1498 (1997).
- McCulloch A. Social environments and health: cross sectional national survey. BMJ323(7306), 208–209 (2001).
- Boydell J, McKenzie K, Van Os J, Murray R. The social causes of schizophrenia: an investigation into the influence of social cohesion and social hostility – report of a pilot study. Schizophr. Res.53, 264 (2002).
- Drukker M, Krabbendam L, Driessen G, van Os J. Social disadvantage and schizophrenia: A combined neighbourhood and individual-level analysis. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol.41(8), 595–604 (2006).
- Kirkbride JB, Morgan C, Fearon P, Dazzan P, Murray RM, Jones PB. Neighbourhood-level effects on psychoses: re-examining the role of context. Psychol. Med.37, 1413–1425 (2007).
- Kirkbride JB, Boydell J, Ploubidis GB et al. Testing the association between the incidence of schizophrenia and social capital in an urban area. Psychol. Med.38, 1083–1094 (2008).
- Durkheim E. Suicide: A Study In Sociology. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, UK (1952).
- Eaton W, Harrison G. Life chances, life planning, and schizophrenia. A review and interpretation of research on social deprivation. Int. J. Mental Health30(1), 58–81 (2001).
- Merton RK. Social structure and anomie. Am. Socio. Rev.3, 672–682 (1938).
- Tuckman J, Kleiner RJ. Discrepancy between aspiration and achievement as a predictor of schizophrenia. Behav. Sci.7, 443–447 (1962).
- Kleiner RJ, Parker S. Migration and mental illness: a new look. Am. Soc. Rev.24, 687–690 (1959).
- Kleiner RJ, Parker S. Goal-striving, social status, and mental disorder: a research review. Am. Soc. Rev.28, 189–203 (1963).
- Bagley C. The social aetiology of schizophrenia in immigrant groups. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry17, 292–304 (1971).
- Mallett R, Leff J, Bhugra D, Takei N, Corridan B. Ethnicity, goal striving and schizophrenia: a case–control study of three ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry50, 331–344 (2004).
- Selten JP, Cantor-Graae E. Social defeat: risk factor for schizophrenia?. Br. J. Psychiatry187, 101–102 (2005).
- Camilleri C, Malewska-Peyre H. Socialization and identity strategies. In: Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology. Berry JW, Dasen PR, Saraswathi TS (Eds). Allyn and Bacon, MA, USA, 41–68 (1997).
- Rosenberg M. The dissonant religious context and emotional disturbance. Am. J. Sociol.68, 1–16 (1962).
- Erikson E. Identity: Youth and Crisis. Norton, NY, USA (1968).
- Phinney JS, Ong AD. Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: current status and future directions. J. Counsel. Psychol.54(3), 271–281 (2007).
- Verkuyten M. The Social Psychology of Ethnic Identity. Psychology Press, London, UK (2005).
- Tajfel H, Turner J. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: Intergroup Relations: Essential Readings. Hogg MA, Abrams D (Eds). Psychology Press, PA, USA, 94–109 (2001).
- Ward C, Bochner S, Furnham A. Social identification theories. In: The Psychology of Culture Shock. Ward C, Bochner S, Furnham A (Eds). Routledge, Hove, UK 98–121 (2001).
- Phinney JS, Cantu CL, Kurtz DA. Ethnic and American identity as predictors of self-esteem among African American, Latino, and White adolescents. J. Youth Adolesc.26, 165–185 (1997).
- Phinney JS, Horenczyk G, Liebkind K, Vedder P. Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: an interactional perspective. J. Soc. Issues57(3), 493–510 (2001).
- Sam DL. Psychological adaptation of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds. J. Soc. Psychol.140(1), 5–25 (2000).
- Crocker J, Major B. Social stigma and self-esteem: the self-protective properties of stigma. Psychol. Rev.96, 608–630 (1989).
- Veling W, Hoek HW, Wiersma D, Mackenbach JP. Ethnic identity and the risk of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities: a case–control study. Schizophr. Bull.36(6), 1149–1156 (2009).
- Moore THM, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet370, 319–328 (2007).
- Spruit IPE. Cannabis 2002 Report. Ministry of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium (2002)
- McGuire PK, Jones P, Harvey I et al. Cannabis and acute psychosis. Schizophr. Res.13, 161–167 (1994).
- Veen N, Selten JP, Hoek HW, Feller W, van der Graaf Y, Kahn R. Use of illicit substances in a psychosis incidence cohort: a comparison among different ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Acta Psychiatr. Scand.105, 440–443 (2002).
- Veling W, Mackenbach JP, Van Os J, Hoek HW. Cannabis use and genetic predisposition for schizophrenia: a case–control study. Psychol. Med.38, 1251–1256 (2008).
- Geddes JR, Lawrie SM. Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry167, 786–793 (1995).
- Cannon M, Jones PB, Murray RM. Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: historical and meta-analytic review. Am. J. Psychiatry159, 1080–1092 (2002).
- Hutchinson G, Takei N, Bhugra D et al. Increased rate of psychosis among African–Caribbeans in Britain is not due to an excess of pregnancy and birth complications. Br. J. Psychiatry171, 145–147 (1997).
- Brown AS, Schaefer CA, Quesenberry CP Jr, Liu L, Babulas VP, Susser ES. Maternal exposure to toxoplasmosis and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am. J. Psychiatry162, 767–773 (2005).
- Brown AS, Susser ES. In utero infection and adult schizophrenia. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.8, 51–57 (2002).
- Brown AS, Begg MD, Gravenstein S et al. Serologic evidence of prenatal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry61(8), 774–780 (2004).
- Selten JP, van Vliet K, Pleyte W, Herzog S, Hoek HW, van Loon AM. Borna disease virus and schizophrenia in Surinamese immigrants to the Netherlands. Med. Microbiol. Immunol.189(2), 55–57 (2000).
- Selten JP, Slaets J, Kahn R. Prenatal exposure to influenza and schizophrenia in Surinamese and Dutch Antillean immigrants to The Netherlands. Schizophr. Res.30(1), 101–103 (1998).
- Drexhage RC, Knijff EM, Padmos RC et al. The mononuclear phagocyte system and its cytokine inflammatory networks in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expert Rev. Neurother.10(1), 59–76 (2010).
- Smith RS, Maes M. The macrophage-T-lymphocyte theory of schizophrenia: additional evidence. Med. Hypotheses45, 135–141 (1995).
- Smith RS. A comprehensive macrophage-T-lymphocyte theory of schizophrenia. Med. Hypotheses39, 248–257 (1992).
- McGrath J, Saari K, Hakko H et al. Vitamin D supplementation during the first year of life and risk of schizophrenia: a Finnish birth cohort study. Schizophr. Res.67(2–3), 237–245 (2004).
- Mackay-Sim A, Feron F, Eyles D, Burne T, McGrath J. Schizophrenia, vitamin D, and brain development. Int. Rev. Neurobiol.59, 351–380 (2004).
- Kesby JP, Cui X, O’Loan J, McGrath JJ, Burne TH, Eyles DW. Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters dopamine-mediated behaviors and dopamine transporter function in adult female rats. Psychopharmacology208(1), 159–168 (2010).
- McGrath J. Hypothesis: is low prenatal vitamin D a risk-modifying factor for schizophrenia?. Schizophr. Res.40, 173–177 (1999).
- McGrath J, Eyles D, Mowry B, Yolken R, Buka S. Low maternal vitamin D as a risk factor for schizophrenia: a pilot study using banked sera. Schizophr. Res.63, 73–78 (2003).
- March D, Susser E. The eco- in eco-epidemiology. Int. J. Epidemiol.35, 1379–1383 (2006).
- March D, Hatch SL, Morgan C et al. Psychosis and place. Epidemiol. Rev.30, 84–100 (2008).
- Selten JP, Cantor-Graae E. Hypothesis: social defeat is a risk factor for schizophrenia?. Br. J. Psychiatry191, S9–S12 (2007).
- Tidey JW, Miczek KA. Social defeat stress selectively alters mesocorticolimbic dopamine release: an in vivo microdialysis study. Brain Res.721, 140–149 (1996).
- Laruelle M. Dopamine transmission in the schizophrenic brain. In: Schizophrenia. Hirsch SR, Weinberger D (Eds). Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 365–387 (2003).
- Mill J, Tang T, Kaminsky Z et al. Epigenomic profiling reveals DNA-methylation changes associated with major psychosis. Am. J. Hum. Genet.82, 696–711 (2008).
- Van Os J, Rutten BPF, Poulton R. Gene–environment interactions in schizophrenia: review of epidemiological findings and future directions. Schizophr. Bull.34, 1066–1082 (2008).
- Myin-Germeys I, van Os J, Schwartz JE, Stone AA, Delespaul PA. Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry58(12), 1137–1144 (2001).
- Freeman D. Studying and treating schizophrenia using Virtual Reality: a new paradigm. Schizophr. Bull.34, 605–610 (2008).