253
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Theme: Pain - Review

Room for improvement: unmet needs in postoperative pain management

, &
Pages 587-600 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • Legeby M, Sandelin K, Wickman M, Olofsson C. Analgesic efficacy of diclofenac in combination with morphine and paracetamol after mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand.49(9), 1360–1366 (2005).
  • Romsing J, Moiniche S, Mathiesen O, Dahl JB. Reduction of opioid-related adverse events using opioid-sparing analgesia with COX-2 inhibitors lacks documentation: a systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand.49(2), 133–142 (2005).
  • Remy C, Marret E, Bonnet F. Effects of acetaminophen on morphine side effects and consumption after major surgery: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br. J. Anaesth.94(4), 505–513 (2005).
  • Marret E, Kurdi O, Zufferey P, Bonnet F. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on patient-controlled analgesia morphine side effects: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology102(6), 1249–1260 (2005).
  • Moore RA, Straube S, Paine J, Derry S, McQuay HJ. Minimum efficacy criteria for comparisons between treatments using individual patient meta-analysis of acute pain trials: examples of etoricoxib, paracetamol, ibuprofen, and ibuprofen/paracetamol combinations after third molar extraction. Pain152(5), 982–989 (2011).
  • Maund E, McDaid C, Rice S, Wright K, Jenkins B, Woolacott N. Paracetamol and selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the reduction in morphine-related side effects after major surgery: a systematic review. Br. J. Anaesth.106(3), 292–297 (2011).
  • Moore RA, Derry S, McQuay HJ, Wiffen PJ. Single dose oral analgesics for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.7(9), CD008659 (2011).
  • Larson AM, Polson J, Fontana RJ et al. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology42(6), 1364–1372 (2005).
  • Sabaté M, Ibáñez L, Pérez E et al. Paracetamol in therapeutic dosages and acute liver injury: causality assessment in a prospective case series. BMC Gastroenterol.15(11), 80 (2011).
  • Heard KJ. Acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning. N. Engl. J. Med.359(3), 285–292 (2008).
  • Schilling A, Corey R, Leonard M, Eghtesad B. Acetaminophen: old drug, new warnings. Cleve. Clin. J. Med.77(1), 19–27 (2010).
  • Woodcock J. A difficult balance – pain management, drug safety, and the FDA. N. Engl. J. Med.361(22), 2105–2107 (2009).
  • Farquhar H, Crane J, Mitchell EA, Eyers S, Beasley R. The acetaminophen and asthma hypothesis 10 years on: a case to answer. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.124(4), 649–651 (2009).
  • Shaheen SO, Newson RB, Ring SM, Rose-Zerilli MJ, Holloway JW, Henderson AJ. Prenatal and infant acetaminophen exposure, antioxidant gene polymorphisms, and childhood asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.126(6), 1141–1148; e7 (2010).
  • Beasley R, Clayton T, Crane J et al. Association between paracetamol use in infancy and childhood, and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in children aged 6–7 years: analysis from Phase three of the ISAAC programme. Lancet372(9643), 1039–1048 (2008).
  • Barr RG, Wentowski CC, Curhan GC et al. Prospective study of acetaminophen use and newly diagnosed asthma among women. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.169(7), 836–841 (2004).
  • Thomsen SF, Kyvik KO, Skadhauge L, Steffensen I, Backer V. Intake of paracetamol and risk of asthma in adults. J. Asthma45(8), 675–676 (2008).
  • Etminan M, Sadatsafavi M, Jafari S, Doyle-Waters M, Aminzadeh K, Fitzgerald JM. Acetaminophen use and the risk of asthma in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest136(5), 1316–1323 (2009).
  • McBride JT. The association of acetaminophen and asthma prevalence and severity. Pediatrics128(6), 1181–1185 (2011).
  • Hinz B, Cheremina O, Brune K. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man. FASEB J.22(2), 383–390 (2008).
  • Ritter JM, Harding I, Warren JB. Precaution, cyclooxygenase inhibition, and cardiovascular risk. Trends Pharmacol. Sci.30(10), 503–508 (2009).
  • Forman JP, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Non-narcotic analgesic dose and risk of incident hypertension in US women. Hypertension46(3), 500–507 (2005).
  • Chan AT, Manson JE, Albert CM et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Circulation113(12), 1578–1587 (2006).
  • Hersch M, Raveh D, Izbicki G. Effect of intravenous propacetamol on blood pressure in febrile critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy28(10), 1205–1210 (2008).
  • de Maat MM, Tijssen TA, Brüggemann RJ, Ponssen HH. Paracetamol for intravenous use in medium- and intensive-care patients: pharmacokinetics and tolerance. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.66(7), 713–719 (2010).
  • Boyle M, Hundy S, Torda TA. Paracetamol administration is associated with hypotension in the critically ill. Aust. Crit. Care10(4), 120–122 (1997).
  • Ong CK, Seymour RA, Lirk P, Merry AF. Combining paracetamol (acetaminophen) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a qualitative systematic review of analgesic efficacy for acute postoperative pain. Anesth. Analg.110(4), 1170–1179 (2010).
  • Hennekens CH, Borzak S. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and most traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause similar moderately increased risks of cardiovascular disease. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther.13(1), 41–50 (2008).
  • Warner TD, Mitchell JA. COX-2 selectivity alone does not define the cardiovascular risks associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Lancet371(9608), 270–273 (2008).
  • Strand V. Are COX-2 inhibitors preferable to nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with risk of cardiovascular events taking low-dose aspirin? Lancet370(9605), 2138–2151 (2007).
  • Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S et al. Cardiovascular safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis. BMJ342, C7086 (2011).
  • Nussmeier NA, Whelton AA, Brown MT et al. Safety and efficacy of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib after noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology104(3), 518–526 (2006).
  • Schug SA, Joshi GP, Camu F, Pan S, Cheung R. Cardiovascular safety of the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib in the postoperative setting: an analysis of integrated data. Anesth. Analg.108(1), 299–307 (2009).
  • Ott E, Nussmeier NA, Duke PC et al. Efficacy and safety of the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.125(6), 1481–1492 (2003).
  • Nussmeier NA, Whelton AA, Brown MT et al. Complications of the COX-2 inhibitors parecoxib and valdecoxib after cardiac surgery. N. Engl. J. Med.352(11), 1081–1091 (2005).
  • Schjerning Olsen AM, Fosbol EL, Lindhardsen J et al. Duration of treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and impact on risk of death and recurrent myocardial infarction in patients with prior myocardial infarction: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation123(20), 2226–2235 (2011).
  • Aneja A, Farkouh ME. Adverse cardiovascular effects of NSAIDs: driven by blood pressure, or edema? Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis.2(1), 53–66 (2008).
  • Franklin SS. Cardiovascular risks related to increased diastolic, systolic and pulse pressure. An epidemiologist’s point of view. Pathol. Biol. (Paris),47(6), 594–603 (1999).
  • Franklin SS, Lopez VA, Wong ND et al. Single versus combined blood pressure components and risk for cardiovascular disease: the Framingham heart study. Circulation119(2), 243–250 (2009).
  • Gengo FM, Rubin L, Robson M et al. Effects of ibuprofen on the magnitude and duration of aspirin’s inhibition of platelet aggregation: clinical consequences in stroke prophylaxis. J. Clin. Pharmacol.48(1), 117–122 (2008).
  • Schuijt MP, Huntjens-Fleuren HW, de Metz M, Vollaard EJ. The interaction of ibuprofen and diclofenac with aspirin in healthy volunteers. Br. J. Pharmacol.157(6), 931–934 (2009).
  • Catella-Lawson F, Reilly MP, Kapoor SC et al. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. N. Engl. J. Med.345(25), 1809–1817 (2001).
  • Gaziano JM, Gibson CM. Potential for drug–drug interactions in patients taking analgesics for mild-to-moderate pain and low-dose aspirin for cardioprotection. Am. J. Cardiol.97(9A), 23–29 (2006).
  • Capone ML, Sciulli MG, Tacconelli S et al. Pharmacodynamic interaction of naproxen with low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.45(8), 1295–1301 (2005).
  • Whelton A, Lefkowith JL, West CR, Verburg KM. Cardiorenal effects of celecoxib as compared with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen. Kidney Int.70(8), 1495–1502 (2006).
  • Lee A, Cooper MC, Craig JC, Knight JF, Keneally JP. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on postoperative renal function in adults with normal renal function. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.2, CD002765 (2004).
  • Garcia Rodriguez LA, Barreales Tolosa L. Risk of upper gastrointestinal complications among users of traditional NSAIDs and COXIBs in the general population. Gastroenterology132(2), 498–506 (2007).
  • Peura DA, Goldkind L. Balancing the gastrointestinal benefits and risks of nonselective NSAIDs. Arthritis Res. Ther.7(Suppl. 4), S7–S13 (2005).
  • Laine L. Approaches to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the high-risk patient. Gastroenterology120(3), 594–606 (2001).
  • Mamdani M, Rochon PA, Juurlink DN et al. Observational study of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in elderly patients given selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. BMJ325(7365), 624 (2002).
  • Chan FK, Lanas A, Scheiman J, Berger MF, Nguyen H, Goldstein JL. Celecoxib versus omeprazole and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (CONDOR): a randomised trial. Lancet376(9736), 173–179 (2010).
  • Boursinos LA, Karachalios T, Poultsides L, Malizos KN. Do steroids, conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors adversely affect fracture healing? J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact.9(1), 44–52 (2009).
  • Gerstenfeld LC, Thiede M, Seibert K et al. Differential inhibition of fracture healing by nonselective and cyclooxygenase-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J. Orthop. Res.21(4), 670–675 (2003).
  • Simon LS. The COX 2 selective inhibitors: what the newspapers have not told you. Bull. NYU Hosp. Jt. Dis.65(3), 229–241 (2007).
  • Glassman SD, Rose SM, Dimar JR, Puno RM, Campbell MJ, Johnson JR. The effect of postoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration on spinal fusion. Spine (Phila. PA 1976)23(7), 834–838 (1998).
  • Giannoudis PV, MacDonald DA, Matthews SJ, Smith RM, Furlong AJ, De Boer P. Nonunion of the femoral diaphysis. The influence of reaming and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.82(5), 655–658 (2000).
  • Burd TA, Hughes MS, Anglen JO. Heterotopic ossification prophylaxis with indomethacin increases the risk of long-bone nonunion. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.85(5), 700–705 (2003).
  • Meunier A, Aspenberg P, Good L. Celecoxib does not appear to affect prosthesis fixation in total knee replacement: a randomized study using radiostereometry in 50 patients. Acta Orthop.80(1), 46–50 (2009).
  • Sculean A, Berakdar M, Donos N, Auschill TM, Arweiler NB. The effect of postsurgical administration of a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor on the healing of intrabony defects following treatment with enamel matrix proteins. Clin. Oral Investig.7(2), 108–112 (2003).
  • Giest J, Strauß J, Jöhr M, Becke K. Paracetamol für die perioperative Schmerztherapie im Kindesalter – Ende einer Ära? Anästh. Intensivmed.50, 57–59 (2009).
  • Wildgaard K, Ravn J, Kehlet H. Chronic post-thoracotomy pain: a critical review of pathogenic mechanisms and strategies for prevention. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.36(1), 170–180 (2009).
  • Gartner R, Jensen MB, Nielsen J, Ewertz M, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Prevalence of and factors associated with persistent pain following breast cancer surgery. JAMA302(18), 1985–1992 (2009).
  • Mikkelsen T, Werner MU, Lassen B, Kehlet H. Pain and sensory dysfunction 6 to 12 months after inguinal herniotomy. Anesth. Analg.99(1), 146–151 (2004).
  • Brandsborg B, Nikolajsen L, Hansen CT, Kehlet H, Jensen TS. Risk factors for chronic pain after hysterectomy: a nationwide questionnaire and database study. Anesthesiology106(5), 1003–1012 (2007).
  • Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet367(9522), 1618–1625 (2006).
  • Voscopoulos C, Lema M. When does acute pain become chronic? Br. J. Anaesth.105(Suppl. 1), i69–i85 (2010).
  • Xu J, Brennan TJ. The pathophysiology of acute pain: animal models. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol.24(5), 508–514 (2011).
  • Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Zahn PK, Brennan TJ. Postoperative pain – clinical implications of basic research. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol.21(1), 3–13 (2007).
  • Scholz J, Yaksh TL. Preclinical research on persistent postsurgical pain: what we don’t know, but should start studying. Anesthesiology112(3), 511–513 (2010).
  • Campbell JN, Meyer RA. Mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Neuron52(1), 77–92 (2006).
  • Decosterd I, Woolf CJ. Spared nerve injury: an animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain87(2), 149–158 (2000).
  • Kim SH, Chung JM. An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat. Pain50(3), 355–363 (1992).
  • D’Mello R, Dickenson AH. Spinal cord mechanisms of pain. Br. J. Anaesth.101(1), 8–16 (2008).
  • Devor M. Sodium channels and mechanisms of neuropathic pain. J. Pain7(1 Suppl. 1), S3–S12 (2006).
  • Tuchman M, Barrett JA, Donevan S, Hedberg TG, Taylor CP. Central sensitization and Ca(V)αδ ligands in chronic pain syndromes: pathologic processes and pharmacologic effect. J. Pain11(12), 1241–1249 (2010).
  • Schweinhardt P, Bushnell MC. Pain imaging in health and disease – how far have we come? J. Clin. Invest.120(11), 3788–3797 (2010).
  • Senturk M, Ozcan PE, Talu GK et al. The effects of three different analgesia techniques on long-term postthoracotomy pain. Anesth. Analg.94(1), 11–15 (2002).
  • Iohom G, Abdalla H, O’Brien J et al. The associations between severity of early postoperative pain, chronic postsurgical pain and plasma concentration of stable nitric oxide products after breast surgery. Anesth. Analg.103(4), 995–1000 (2006).
  • Kairaluoma PM, Bachmann MS, Rosenberg PH, Pere PJ. Pre-incisional paravertebral block reduces the prevalence of chronic pain after breast surgery. Anesth. Analg.103(3), 703–708 (2006).
  • Schnabel A, Reichl SU, Kranke P, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Zahn PK. Efficacy and safety of paravertebral blocks in breast surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br. J. Anaesth.105(6), 842–852 (2010).
  • Pöpping DM, Zahn PK, Van Aken HK, Dasch B, Boche R, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Effectiveness and safety of postoperative pain management: a survey of 18,925 consecutive patients between 1998 and 2006 (2nd revision): a database analysis of prospectively raised data. Br. J. Anaesth.101(6), 832–840 (2008).
  • Remerand F, Le Tendre C, Baud A et al. The early and delayed analgesic effects of ketamine after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Anesth. Analg.109(6), 1963–1971 (2009).
  • De Kock M, Lavand’homme P, Waterloos H. ‘Balanced analgesia’ in the perioperative period: is there a place for ketamine? Pain92(3), 373–380 (2001).
  • Duale C, Sibaud F, Guastella V et al. Perioperative ketamine does not prevent chronic pain after thoracotomy. Eur. J. Pain13(5), 497–505 (2009).
  • Sen H, Sizlan A, Yanarates O et al. A comparison of gabapentin and ketamine in acute and chronic pain after hysterectomy. Anesth. Analg.109(5), 1645–1650 (2009).
  • Bauer CS, Nieto-Rostro M, Rahman W et al. The increased trafficking of the calcium channel subunit α2δ-1 to presynaptic terminals in neuropathic pain is inhibited by the α2δ ligand pregabalin. J. Neurosci.29(13), 4076–4088 (2009).
  • Backonja M, Woolf CJ. Future directions in neuropathic pain therapy: closing the translational loop. Oncologist15(Suppl. 2), 24–29 (2010).
  • Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Della Valle CJ, Kari M, Moric M, Tuman KJ. Perioperative oral pregabalin reduces chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth. Analg.110(1), 199–207 (2010).
  • Fassoulaki A, Patris K, Sarantopoulos C, Hogan Q. The analgesic effect of gabapentin and mexiletine after breast surgery for cancer. Anesth. Analg.95(4), 985–991 (2002).
  • Clarke H, Pereira S, Kennedy D et al. Adding gabapentin to a multimodal regimen does not reduce acute pain, opioid consumption or chronic pain after total hip arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand.53(8), 1073–1083 (2009).
  • Kehlet H, Rathmell JP. Persistent postsurgical pain: the path forward through better design of clinical studies. Anesthesiology112(3), 514–515 (2010).
  • Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur. J. Pain10(4), 287–333 (2006).
  • Reid KJ, Harker J, Bala MM et al. Epidemiology of chronic non-cancer pain in Europe: narrative review of prevalence, pain treatments and pain impact. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.27(2), 449–462 (2011).
  • Ip HY, Abrishami A, Peng PW, Wong J, Chung F. Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology111(3), 657–677 (2009).
  • Kopf A, Banzhaf A, Stein C. Perioperative management of the chronic pain patient. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol.19(1), 59–76 (2005).
  • Souzdalnitski D, Halaszynski TM, Faclier G. Regional anesthesia and co-existing chronic pain. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol.23(5), 662–670 (2010).
  • Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Englbrecht JS, Schug SA. Acute pain management in patients with fibromyalgia and other diffuse chronic pain syndromes. Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol.22(5), 627–633 (2009).
  • Carroll IR, Angst MS, Clark JD. Management of perioperative pain in patients chronically consuming opioids. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.29(6), 576–591 (2004).
  • de Leon-Casasola OA, Lema MJ. Epidural bupivacaine/sufentanil therapy for postoperative pain control in patients tolerant to opioid and unresponsive to epidural bupivacaine/morphine. Anesthesiology80(2), 303–309 (1994).
  • de Leon-Casasola OA, Myers DP, Donaparthi S et al. A comparison of postoperative epidural analgesia between patients with chronic cancer taking high doses of oral opioids versus opioid-naive patients. Anesth. Analg.76(2), 302–307 (1993).
  • Loftus RW, Yeager MP, Clark JA et al. Intraoperative ketamine reduces perioperative opiate consumption in opiate-dependent patients with chronic back pain undergoing back surgery. Anesthesiology113(3), 639–646 (2010).
  • Weinbroum AA. A single small dose of postoperative ketamine provides rapid and sustained improvement in morphine analgesia in the presence of morphine-resistant pain. Anesth. Analg.96(3), 789–795 (2003).
  • Lavand’homme P, De Kock M, Waterloos H. Intraoperative epidural analgesia combined with ketamine provides effective preventive analgesia in patients undergoing major digestive surgery. Anesthesiology103(4), 813–820 (2005).
  • Seib RK, Paul JE. Preoperative gabapentin for postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis. Can. J. Anaesth.53(5), 461–469 (2006).
  • Tiippana EM, Hamunen K, Kontinen VK, Kalso E. Do surgical patients benefit from perioperative gabapentin/pregabalin? A systematic review of efficacy and safety. Anesth. Analg.104(6), 1545–1556 (2007).
  • Ho KY, Gan TJ, Habib AS. Gabapentin and postoperative pain – a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Pain126(1–3), 91–101 (2006).
  • Patel A, Davidson M, Tran MC et al. Dexmedetomidine infusion for analgesia and prevention of emergence agitation in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Anesth. Analg.111(4), 1004–1010 (2010).
  • Sato M, Shirakami G, Tazuke-Nishimura M, Matsuura S, Tanimoto K, Fukuda K. Effect of single-dose dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation and recovery profiles after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric ambulatory surgery. J. Anesth.24(5), 675–682 (2010).
  • Rafi AN. Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle. Anaesthesia56(10), 1024–1026 (2001).
  • El-Dawlatly AA, Turkistani A, Kettner SC et al. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: description of a new technique and comparison with conventional systemic analgesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br. J. Anaesth.102(6), 763–767 (2009).
  • Niraj G, Searle A, Mathews M et al. Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing open appendicectomy. Br. J. Anaesth.103(4), 601–605 (2009).
  • Carney J, Finnerty O, Rauf J, Curley G, McDonnell JG, Laffey JG. Ipsilateral transversus abdominis plane block provides effective analgesia after appendectomy in children: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth. Analg.111(4), 998–1003 (2010).
  • Carney J, McDonnell JG, Ochana A, Bhinder R, Laffey JG. The transversus abdominis plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth. Analg.107(6), 2056–2060 (2008).
  • Conaghan P, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Bedforth N et al. Efficacy of transversus abdominis plane blocks in laparoscopic colorectal resections. Surg. Endosc.24(10), 2480–2484 (2010).
  • McDonnell JG, O’Donnell B, Curley G, Heffernan A, Power C, Laffey JG. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Anesth. Analg.104(1), 193–197 (2007).
  • McDonnell JG, Curley G, Carney J et al. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after Cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth. Analg.106(1), 186–191 (2008).
  • O’Donnell BD, McDonnell JG, McShane AJ. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in open retropubic prostatectomy. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.31(1), 91 (2006).
  • Lee TH, Barrington MJ, Tran TM, Wong D, Hebbard PD. Comparison of extent of sensory block following posterior and subcostal approaches to ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. Anaesth. Intensive Care38(3), 452–460 (2010).
  • Barrington MJ, Ivanusic JJ, Rozen WM, Hebbard P. Spread of injectate after ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block: a Cadaveric study. Anaesthesia64(7), 745–750 (2009).
  • Tran TM, Ivanusic JJ, Hebbard P, Barrington MJ. Determination of spread of injectate after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric study. Br. J. Anaesth.102(1), 123–127 (2009).
  • Kato N, Fujiwara Y, Harato M et al. Serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane block. J. Anesth.23(2), 298–300 (2009).
  • Griffiths JD, Barron FA, Grant S, Bjorksten AR, Hebbard P, Royse CF. Plasma ropivacaine concentrations after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. Br. J. Anaesth.105(6), 853–856 (2010).
  • Sakai T, Manabe W, Kamitani T, Takeyama E, Nakano S. Ropivacaine-induced late-onset systemic toxicity after transversus abdominis plane block under general anesthesia: successful reversal with 20% lipid emulsion. Masui59(12), 1502–1505 (2010).
  • Aveline C, Le Hetet H, Le Roux A et al. Comparison between ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane and conventional ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks for day-case open inguinal hernia repair. Br. J. Anaesth.106(3), 380–386 (2011).
  • Fredrickson MJ, Paine C, Hamill J. Improved analgesia with the ilioinguinal block compared with the transversus abdominis plane block after pediatric inguinal surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Paediatr. Anaesth.20(11), 1022–1027 (2010).
  • McMorrow RC, Ni Mhuircheartaigh RJ, Ahmed KA et al. Comparison of transversus abdominis plane block vs spinal morphine for pain relief after Caesarean section. Br. J. Anaesth.106(5), 706–712 (2011).
  • Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Abdallah FW et al. The analgesic efficacy of subarachnoid morphine in comparison with ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after Cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth. Analg.111(2), 475–481 (2010).
  • Costello JF, Moore AR, Wieczorek PM, Macarthur AJ, Balki M, Carvalho JC. The transversus abdominis plane block, when used as part of a multimodal regimen inclusive of intrathecal morphine, does not improve analgesia after Cesarean delivery. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med.34(6), 586–589 (2009).
  • Bonnet F, Berger J, Aveline C. Transversus abdominis plane block: what is its role in postoperative analgesia? Br. J. Anaesth.103(4), 468–470 (2009).
  • Jankovic ZB, Pollard SG, Nachiappan MM. Continuous transversus abdominis plane block for renal transplant recipients. Anesth. Analg.109(5), 1710–1711 (2009).
  • Taylor LJ, Birmingham P, Yerkes E, Suresh S. Children with spinal dysraphism: transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters to the rescue! Paediatr. Anaesth.20(10), 951–954 (2010).
  • Niraj G, Kelkar A, Fox AJ. Oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters: an alternative to epidural analgesia after upper abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia64(10), 1137–1140 (2009).
  • Niraj G, Kelkar A, Jeyapalan I et al. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of subcostal transversus abdominis plane blocks with epidural analgesia following upper abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia66(6), 465–471 (2011).
  • Zink W, Bohl JR, Hacke N, Sinner B, Martin E, Graf BM. The long-term myotoxic effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine after continuous peripheral nerve blocks. Anesth. Analg.101(2), 548–554 (2005).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.