Effect of the Casein-Derived Peptide Met-Lys-Pro on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Adults Without Dementia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

References

• Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017 – 2025. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/dementia/action_plan_2017_2025/en/. Accessed 225, 2020..
   Google Scholar
• Hansen RA, Gartlehner G, Webb AP, Morgan LC, Moore CG, Jonas DE. Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(2):211–225.18686744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anand R, Gill KD, Mahdi AA. Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s disease: past, present and future. Neuropharmacol. 2014;76(Part A):27–50. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider LS, Mangialasche F, Andreasen N, et al. Clinical trials and late-stage drug development for Alzheimer’s disease: an appraisal from 1984 to 2014. J Intern Med. 2014;275(3):251–283. doi:10.1111/joim.1219124605808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, et al. Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer’s pathological cascade. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(1):119–128. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70299-620083042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):280–292. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.00321514248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDade E, Bateman RJ. Stop Alzheimer’s before it starts. Nature. 2017;547(7662):153–155. doi:10.1038/547153a28703214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crous-Bou M, Minguillón C, Gramunt N, Molinuevo JL. Alzheimer’s disease prevention: from risk factors to early intervention. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017;9:71. doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0297-z28899416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2673–2734. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-628735855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies NM, Kehoe PG, Ben-Shlomo Y, Martin RM. Associations of anti-hypertensive treatments with Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other dementias. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;26(4):699–708. doi:10.3233/JAD-2011-11034721709373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Caoimh R, Healy L, Gao Y, et al. Effects of centrally acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on functional decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;40(3):595–603. doi:10.3233/JAD-13169424496072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miners JS, Ashby E, Van Helmond Z, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels and activity in Alzheimer’s disease, and relationship of perivascular ACE-1 to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008;34(2):181–193. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00885.x17973905
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong YF, Kataoka K, Tokutomi Y, et al. Perindopril, a centrally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, prevents cognitive impairment in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. FASEB J. 2011;25(9):2911–2920. doi:10.1096/fj.11-18287321593435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodríguez-Perez AI, Garrido-Gil P, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Lanciego JL, Guerra MJ. Brain renin-angiotensin system and microglial polarization: implications for aging and neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:129. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.0012928515690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sink KM, Leng X, Williamson J, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and cognitive decline in older adults with hypertension: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(13):1195–1202. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.17519597068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Y, O’Caoimh R, Healy L, et al. Effects of centrally acting ACE inhibitors on the rate of cognitive decline in dementia. BMJ Open. 2013;3(7):e002881. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazal K, Perera G, Khondoker M, Howard R, Stewart R. Associations of centrally acting ACE inhibitors with cognitive decline and survival in Alzheimer’s disease. Br J Psych Open. 2017;3(4):158–164. doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004184
   Google Scholar
• Martínez-Maqueda D, Miralles B, Recio I, Hernández-Ledesma B. Antihypertensive peptides from food proteins: a review. Food Funct. 2012;3(4):350–361. doi:10.1039/c2fo10192k22249830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada A, Sakurai T, Ochi D, Mitsuyama E, Yamauchi K, Abe F. Novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from bovine casein. Food Chem. 2013;141(4):3781–3789. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.08923993549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada A, Sakurai T, Ochi D, Mitsuyama E, Yamauchi K, Abe F. Antihypertensive effect of the bovine casein-derived peptide Met-Lys-Pro. Food Chem. 2015;172:441–446. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.09825442576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuda N, Tanaka M, Yamada A, et al. Antihypertensive effect of the casein-derived peptide Met-Lys-Pro in individuals with high-normal blood pressure or grade 1 hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Jpn Pharmacol Ther. 2018;46(4):529–537.
   Google Scholar
• Min LJ, Kobayashi Y, Mogi M, et al. Administration of bovine casein-derived peptide prevents cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease model mice. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0171515. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.017151528158298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solfrizzi V, Panza F, Frisardi V, et al. Diet and Alzheimer’s disease risk factors or prevention: the current evidence. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11(5):677–708. doi:10.1586/ern.11.5621539488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohs RC, Rosen WG, Davis KL. The Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale: an instrument for assessing treatment efficacy. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1983;19(3):448–450.6635122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homma A, Fukuzawa K, Tsukada Y, Ishii T, Hasegawa K, Mohs RC. Development of a Japanese version of the Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale (ADAS) [in Japanese]. Jpn J Geriatr Psychiatr. 1992;3(6):647–655.
   Google Scholar
• Imai Y, Hasegawa K. The Revised Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale (HDS-R) - Evaluation of its usefulness as a screening test for dementia. J Hong Kong Coll Psychiatr. 1994;4(SP2):20–24.
   Google Scholar
• Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695–699. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x15817019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiwara Y, Suzuki H, Yasunaga M, et al. Brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese: validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2010;10(3):225–232. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00585.x20141536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware JE, Kosinski M, Dewey JE, Gandek B. How to Score and Interpret Single-Item Health Status Measures: A Manual for Users of the SF-8 Health Survey. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric, Inc., Boston; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982–1983;17(1):37–49. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugishita K, Sugishita M, Hemmi I, Asada T, Tanigawa T. A validity and reliability study of the Japanese version of the geriatric depression scale 15 (GDS-15-J). Clin Gerontol. 2017;40(4):233–240. doi:10.1080/07317115.2016.119945228452641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solfrizzi V, Capurso C, D’Introno A, et al. Lifestyle-related factors in predementia and dementia syndromes. Expert Rev Neurother. 2008;8(1):133–158. doi:10.1586/14737175.8.1.13318088206
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yurko-Mauro K, Alexander DD, Van Elswyk ME. Docosahexaenoic acid and adult memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.012039125786262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Chen J, Qiu J, Li Y, Wang J, Jiao J. Intakes of fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids and mild-to-severe cognitive impairment risks: a dose-response meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(2):330–340. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.12408126718417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu L, Sun D. Meta-analysis of milk consumption and the risk of cognitive disorders. Nutrients. 2016;8(12):E824. doi:10.3390/nu812082427999380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero-Berroa E, Luo X, Schmeidler J, et al. The MMSE orientation for time domain is a strong predictor of subsequent cognitive decline in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr. 2009;24(12):1429–1437. doi:10.1002/gps.2282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannakopoulos P, Gold G, Duc M, Michel JP, Hof PR, Bouras C. Neural substrates of spatial and temporal disorientation in Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2000;100(2):189–195. doi:10.1007/s00401990016610963367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kueper JK, Speechley M, Montero-Odasso M. The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog): modifications and responsiveness in pre-dementia populations. A narrative review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;63(2):423–444. doi:10.3233/JAD-17099129660938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar