A new approach of ocular nebulization with vitamin B12 versus oxytocin for the treatment of dry eye disease: an in vivo confocal microscopy study

References

• Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, et al. TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):276–283. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.00828736335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino M, Yokoi N, Uchino Y, et al. Prevalence of dry eye disease and its risk factors in visual display terminal users: the Osaka study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(4):759–766. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2013.05.04023891330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vehof J, Kozareva D, Hysi PG, Hammond CJ. Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in a British female cohort. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(12):1712–1717. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-30520125185440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, et al. TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):334–365. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.00328736337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson W, Chauhan SK, Dana R. Dry eye disease: an immune-mediated ocular surface disorder. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(1):90–100. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.36422232476
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rhee MK, Mah FS. Inflammation in dry eye disease: how do we break the cycle? Ophthalmology. 2017;124(11s):S14–s19. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.08.02929055357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones L, Downie LE, Korb D, et al. TFOS DEWS II management and therapy report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):575–628. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.00628736343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theodoropoulos DS. Optic neuropathy in vitamin B12 deficiency. Lancet. 1998;352(9122):146–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akdal G, Yener GG, Ada E, Halmagyi GM. Eye movement disorders in vitamin B12 deficiency: two new cases and a review of the literature. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14(10):1170–1172. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01824.x17880572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurkunas UV, Jakobiec FA, Shin J, Zakka FR, Michaud N, Jethva R. Reversible corneal epitheliopathy caused by vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in a vegan with a genetic mutation: a new disease. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(11):1512–1514. doi:10.1038/eye.2011.17721818128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozen S, Ozer MA, Akdemir MO. Vitamin B12 deficiency evaluation and treatment in severe dry eye disease with neuropathic ocular pain. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255(6):1173–1177. doi:10.1007/s00417-017-3632-y28299439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty R, Deshpande K, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Management of ocular neuropathic pain with vitamin B12 supplements: a case report. Cornea. 2015;34(10):1324–1325. doi:10.1097/ICO.000000000000057226266431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMayo MM, Song YJC, Hickie IB, Guastella AJ. A review of the safety, efficacy and mechanisms of delivery of nasal oxytocin in children: therapeutic potential for autism and prader-willi syndrome, and recommendations for future research. Paediatr Drugs. 2017;19(5):391–410. doi:10.1007/s40272-017-0248-y28721467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guastella AJ, Hickie IB, McGuinness MM, et al. Recommendations for the standardisation of oxytocin nasal administration and guidelines for its reporting in human research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(5):612–625. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.01923265311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biyikli NK, Tugtepe H, Sener G, et al. Oxytocin alleviates oxidative renal injury in pyelonephritic rats via a neutrophil-dependent mechanism. Peptides. 2006;27(9):2249–2257. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.03.02916707192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankowski M, Bissonauth V, Gao L, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of oxytocin in rat myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol. 2010;105(2):205–218. doi:10.1007/s00395-009-0076-520012748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumus B, Kuyucu E, Erbas O, Kazimoglu C, Oltulu F, Bora OA. Effect of oxytocin administration on nerve recovery in the rat sciatic nerve damage model. J Orthop Surg Res. 2015;10:161. doi:10.1186/s13018-015-0301-x26466786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rash JA, Aguirre-Camacho A, Campbell TS. Oxytocin and pain: a systematic review and synthesis of findings. Clin J Pain. 2014;30(5):453–462. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31829f57df23887343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolovich MB, Dhand R. Aerosol drug delivery: developments in device design and clinical use. Lancet. 2011;377(9770):1032–1045. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60926-921036392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin AR, Finlay WH. Nebulizers for drug delivery to the lungs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12(6):889–900. doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.99508725534396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pult H, Purslow C, Murphy PJ. The relationship between clinical signs and dry eye symptoms. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(4):502–510. doi:10.1038/eye.2010.22821252949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Bijsterveld OP. Diagnostic tests in the Sicca syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969;82(1):10–14.4183019
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamrah P, Qazi Y, Shahatit B, et al. Corneal Nerve and Epithelial Cell Alterations in Corneal Allodynia: An In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Case Series. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(1):139–151. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2016.10.00227816571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villani E, Magnani F, Viola F, et al. In vivo confocal evaluation of the ocular surface morpho-functional unit in dry eye. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90(6):576–586. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e318294c18423670123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kheirkhah A, Rahimi Darabad R, Cruzat A, et al. Corneal epithelial immune dendritic cell alterations in subtypes of dry eye disease: a pilot in vivo confocal microscopic study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(12):7179–7185. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-1743326540656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira-Soto L, Efron N. Morphology of corneal nerves using confocal microscopy. Cornea. 2001;20(4):374–384.11333324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagali NS, Griffith M, Shinozaki N, Fagerholm P, Munger R. Innervation of tissue-engineered corneal implants in a porcine model: a 1-year in vivo confocal microscopy study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(8):3537–3544. doi:10.1167/iovs.06-148317652721
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamoto Y, Ishitobi M, Wada Y, Kosaka H. The potential of nasal oxytocin administration for remediation of autism spectrum disorders. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2016;15(5):564–577.27071789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel DV, McGhee CN. In vivo confocal microscopy of human corneal nerves in health, in ocular and systemic disease, and following corneal surgery: a review. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93(7):853–860. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.15061519019923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhatem A, Cavalcanti B, Hamrah P. In vivo confocal microscopy in dry eye disease and related conditions. Semin Ophthalmol. 2012;27(5–6):138–148. doi:10.3109/08820538.2012.71141623163268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macri A, Scanarotti C, Bassi AM, et al. Evaluation of oxidative stress levels in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with or without dry eye, and dry eye patients treated with preservative-free hyaluronic acid 0.15 % and vitamin B12 eye drops. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253(3):425–430. doi:10.1007/s00417-014-2853-625398660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano MR, Biagioni F, Carrizzo A, et al. Effects of vitamin B12 on the corneal nerve regeneration in rats. Exp Eye Res. 2014;120:109–117. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2014.01.01724486457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu CZ, Liu YP, Liu S, Yan M, Hu SJ, Song XJ. Systematic administration of B vitamins attenuates neuropathic hyperalgesia and reduces spinal neuron injury following temporary spinal cord ischaemia in rats. Eur J Pain. 2014;18(1):76–85. doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00390.x24038589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, et al. Methylcobalamin increases Erk1/2 and Akt activities through the methylation cycle and promotes nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Exp Neurol. 2010;222(2):191–203. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.01720045411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller LJ, Marfurt CF, Kruse F, Tervo TM. Corneal nerves: structure, contents and function. Exp Eye Res. 2003;76(5):521–542.12697417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thibonnier M, Conarty DM, Preston JA, Plesnicher CL, Dweik RA, Erzurum SC. Human vascular endothelial cells express oxytocin receptors. Endocrinology. 1999;140(3):1301–1309. doi:10.1210/endo.140.3.654610067857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spangelo BL, deHoll PD, Kalabay L, Bond BR, Arnaud P. Neurointermediate pituitary lobe cells synthesize and release interleukin-6 in vitro: effects of lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 beta. Endocrinology. 1994;135(2):556–563. doi:10.1210/endo.135.2.80338028033802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams KI, El Tahir KE. Effects of uterine stimulant drugs on prostacyclin production by the pregnant rat myometrium. I. Oxytocin, bradykinin and PGF2 alpha. Prostaglandins. 1980;19(1):31–38.6992222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrido-Urbani S, Deblon N, Poher AL, et al. Inhibitory role of oxytocin on TNFalpha expression assessed in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes Metab. 2018;44(3):292–295. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2017.10.00429129540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs DM, Vale W, Rivier J, Yen SS. Oxytocin potentiates the ACTH-releasing activity of CRF(41) but not vasopressin. Life Sci. 1984;34(23):2245–2249.6328161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyd JG, Gordon T. Neurotrophic factors and their receptors in axonal regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Mol Neurobiol. 2003;27(3):277–324. doi:10.1385/MN:27:3:27712845152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson EO, Charchanti A, Soucacos PN. Nerve repair: experimental and clinical evaluation of neurotrophic factors in peripheral nerve regeneration. Injury. 2008;39(Suppl 3):S37–S42. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.06.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawley D, Tang X, Zyrianova T, et al. Myoepithelial cell-driven acini contraction in response to oxytocin receptor stimulation is impaired in lacrimal glands of Sjogren’s syndrome animal models. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):9919. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28227-x29967327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrowsmith S, Wray S. Oxytocin: its mechanism of action and receptor signalling in the myometrium. J Neuroendocrinol. 2014;26(6):356–369. doi:10.1111/jne.1215424888645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou GC, Shen ZF, Zheng YQ. Systemic absorption of oxytocin and vasopressin through eyes in rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1991;7(4):351–359.1809793
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willcox MDP, Argueso P, Georgiev GA, et al. TFOS DEWS II tear film report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):366–403. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.03.00628736338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern ME, Gao J, Siemasko KF, Beuerman RW, Pflugfelder SC. The role of the lacrimal functional unit in the pathophysiology of dry eye. Exp Eye Res. 2004;78(3):409–416.15106920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, Gao J, Mircheff AK, Pflugfelder SC. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands. Cornea. 1998;17(6):584–589.9820935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamrah P, Dana MR. Corneal antigen-presenting cells. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2007;92:58–70. doi:10.1159/00009925417264483
   PubMedGoogle Scholar