Study Design Characteristics and Pharmacological Mechanisms in International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: Registered Clinical Trials on Antiviral Drugs for COVID-19

References

• ShereenMA, KhanS, KazmiA, BashirN, SiddiqueR. COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. J Adv Res. 2020;24:91–98.32257431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Situation report - 117, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); 2020 Available from: https://wwwwhoint/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/.
   Google Scholar
• WuF, ZhaoS, YuB, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020;579(7798):265–269.32015508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuanWJ, NiZY, HuY, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708–1720.32109013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiY, HeF, ZhouN, et al. Organ function support in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Tongji experience. Front Med. 2020;14(2):232–248.32405974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WuR, WangL, KuoHD, et al. An update on current therapeutic drugs treating COVID-19. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2020;1–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EvansT, GülmezogluM, PangT. Registering clinical trials: an essential role for WHO. Lancet. 2004;363(9419):1413–1414.15121401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuangJH, HeYC, SuQM, YangJ. Characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trials in China based on the registration data on ChiCTR and clinicaltrials.gov. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020;14:2159–2164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrancatoV, PedutoA, WhartonS, et al. Design of inhibitors of influenza virus membrane fusion: synthesis, structure-activity relationship and in vitro antiviral activity of a novel indole series. Antiviral Res. 2013;99(2):125–135.23707194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FurutaY, KomenoT, NakamuraT. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2017;93(7):449–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GubarevaL, MohanT. Antivirals targeting the neuraminidase. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JangYO, QuanX, DasR, et al. High-dose clevudine impairs mitochondrial function and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E cells. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012;12:4.22230186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HerbstDA Jr, ReddyKR. Sofosbuvir, a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013;22(4):527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeC, MaH, HangJQ. The hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor (BMS-790052) alters the subcellular localization of the NS5A non-structural viral protein. Virology. 2011;414(1):10–18.21513964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JiangY, AndrewsSW, CondroskiKR. Discovery of danoprevir (ITMN-191/R7227), a highly selective and potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease. J Med Chem. 2014;57(5):1753–1769.23672640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScottLJ. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir: a review in chronic hepatitis C. Drugs. 2018;78(2):245–256.29380288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GraciJD, CameronCE. Mechanisms of action of ribavirin against distinct viruses. Rev Med Virol. 2006;16(1):37–48.16287208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangRR, YangQH, LuoRH, et al. Azvudine, a novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor showed good drug combination features and better inhibition on drug-resistant strains than lamivudine in vitro. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105617.25144636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LascarRM, BennP. Role of darunavir in the management of HIV infection. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2009;1:31–39.22096377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CoradoKC, DaarES. Emtricitabine + tenofovir alafenamide for the treatment of HIV. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2017;18(4):427–432.28151023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CorbettAH, LimML, KashubaAD. Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir). Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36(7–8):1193–1203.12086554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WarrenTK, WellsJ, PanchalRG, et al. Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430. Nature. 2014;508(7496):402–405.24590073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TchesnokovEP, FengJY, PorterDP, GötteM. Mechanism of inhibition of ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by remdesivir. Viruses. 2019;11(4).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AhmedA, Siman-TovG, KeckF, et al. Human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 as a therapeutic antiviral targeting Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infections. Antiviral Res. 2019;164:61–69.30738837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaiQ, YangM, LiuD, et al. Experimental treatment with favipiravir for COVID-19: an open-label control study. Engineering. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChenC, ZhangY, HuangJ, et al. Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical. Trial MedRXIV. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• ZhuZ, LuZ, XuT, et al. Arbidol monotherapy is superior to lopinavir/ritonavir in treating COVID-19. J Infect. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaoB, WangY, WenD, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(19):1787–1799.32187464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HungIF, LungKC, TsoEY, et al. Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, Phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10238):1695–1704.32401715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangY, ZhangD, DuG, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10236):1569–1578.32423584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SongY, ZhangM, YinL, et al. COVID-19 treatment: close to a cure? A rapid review of pharmacotherapies for the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;56(2):106080.32634603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TobaiqyM, QashqaryM, Al-DaheryS, et al. Therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. Infect Prev Pract. 2020;2:3.
   Google Scholar
• FalavignaM, ColpaniV, SteinC, et al. Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2020;32(2):166–196.32667444
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FanL, JiangS, YangX, WangZ, YangC. COVID-19 drug treatment in China. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MehtaY, ChaudhryD, AbrahamOC, et al. Critical care for COVID-19 affected patients: position statement of the indian society of critical care medicine. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2020;24(4):222–241.32565632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RochwergB, AgarwalA, ZengL, et al. Remdesivir for severe COVID-19: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2020;370:m2924.32732352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MadP, Felder-PuigR, GartlehnerG. Randomised controlled trials. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2008;158(7–8):234–239.18500478
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HuangJH, SuQM, YangJ, et al. Sample sizes in dosage investigational clinical trials: a systematic evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:305–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoucherM, BennettsM. The many flavors of model-based meta-analysis: part I – introduction and landmark data. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2016;5(2):54–64.26933516
   PubMedGoogle Scholar