Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Clomiphene Citrate Supplementation May Be More Feasible for Young Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Compared with Standard Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation: A Retrospective Study

References

• CocciaME, RizzelloF. Ovarian reserve. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1127:27–30. PMID: 18443326. doi:10.1196/annals.1434.01118443326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La MarcaA, SunkaraSK. Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: from theory to practice. Hum Reprod Update. 2014;20(1):124–140. PMID: 24077980. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt03724077980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KuangY, ChenQ, FuY, et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an effective oral alternative for preventing premature luteinizing hormone surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2015;104:62–70. PMID: 25956370. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.03.02225956370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhuX, YeH, FuY. Use of utrogestan during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in normally ovulating women undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatments in combination with a “freeze all” strategy: a randomized controlled dose-finding study of 100 mg versus 200 mg. Fertil Steril. 2017;107(2):379–386. PMID: 27865446. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.10.03027865446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuY, ChenQ, YuS, et al. Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation with or without clomiphene citrate supplementation in normal ovulatory women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol. 2018;88(3):442–452. PMID: 29247457. doi:10.1111/cen.13532
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YeH, TianH, HeW, et al. Progestin-primed milder stimulation with clomiphene citrate yields fewer oocytes and suboptimal pregnancy outcomes compared with the standard progestin-primed ovarian stimulation in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018;16(1):53. PMID: 29807533. doi:10.1186/s12958-018-0373-729807533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CaiR, ZhengB, LinQ, et al. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation with medroxyprogesterone acetate in ovulation induction in poor ovarian responders. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2020;50(7):102049. PMID: 33387677. doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.10204933387677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YuCM, DaiXL, WangYF, et al. Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation improves the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve. J Chin Med Assoc. 2019;82(11):845–848. PMID: 31453864. doi:10.1097/JCMA.000000000000017731453864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuangP, TangM, QinA. Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation is a feasible method for poor ovarian responders undergoing in IVF/ICSI compared to a GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2019;48(2):99–102. PMID: 30321608. doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2018.10.00830321608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuZ, SaY, SunZ, YiY. Ovulation induction with high progesterone levels may be more suitable for elderly patients with low ovarian response. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2021;50(2):101661. PMID: 31809957. doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.10166131809957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AdashiEY. Clomiphene citrate: mechanism(s) and site(s) of action-A hypothesis revisited. Fertil Steril. 1984;42:331–344. PMID: 6432584. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48069-66432584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TavaniotouA, AlbanoC, SmitzJ, DevroeyP. Effect of clomiphene citrate on follicular and luteal phase luteinizing hormone concentrations in in vitro fertilization cycles stimulated with gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:733–737. PMID: 11937125. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)03265-411937125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NagaokaSI, HassoldTJ, HuntPA. Human aneuploidy: mechanisms and new insights into an age-old problem. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13(7):493–504. PMID: 22705668. doi:10.1038/nrg324522705668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PerheentupaA, HuhtaniemiI. Aging of the human ovary and testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009;299(1):2–13. PMID: 19059459. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.00419059459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FerrarettiAP, La MarcaA, FauserBC, TarlatzisB, NargundG, GianaroliL; ESHRE working group on Poor Ovarian Response Definition. ESHRE consensus on the definition of ‘poor response’ to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: the Bologna criteria. Hum Reprod. 2011;26:1616–1624. PMID: 21505041. doi:10.1093/humrep/der09221505041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GleicherN, BaradD. “Ovarian age-based” stimulation of young women with diminished ovarian reserve results in excellent pregnancy rates with in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2006;86(6):1621–1625. PMID: 17074322. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.04617074322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorinSJ, PatounakisG, JuneauCR, NealSA, ScottRT, SeliE. Diminished ovarian reserve and poor response to stimulation in patients <38 years old: a quantitative but not qualitative reduction in performance. Hum Reprod. 2018;33(8):1489–1498. PMID: 30010882. doi:10.1093/humrep/dey23830010882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuS, XuB, JinL. Perinatal outcome in young patients with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(1):118–124 e1. PMID: 32622406. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.11232622406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Los SantosMJ, ArroyoG, BusquetA, et al. A multicenter prospective study to assess the effect of early cleavage on embryo quality, implantation, and live-birth rate. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(4):981–987. PMID: 24502893. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.12.04324502893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QinN, ChenQ, HongQ, et al. Flexibility in starting ovarian stimulation at different phases of the menstrual cycle for treatment of infertile women with the use of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril. 2016;106(2):334–341. PMID: 27114329. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.04.00627114329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DongJ, WangY, ChaiWR, et al. The pregnancy outcome of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation using 4 versus 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate per day in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2017;124(7):1048–1055. PMID: 28276192. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.1462228276192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DierschkeDJ, YamajiT, KarschFJ, WeickRF, WeissG, KnobilE. Blockade by progesterone of estrogen-induced LH and FSH release in the rhesus monkey. Endocrinol. 1973;92(5):1496–1501. PMID: 4633016. doi:10.1210/endo-92-5-1496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WildtL, HutchisonJS, MarshallG, PohlCR, KnobilE. On the site of action of progesterone in the blockade of the estradiol-induced gonadotropin discharge in the rhesus monkey. Endocrinol. 1981;109(4):1293–1294. PMID: 6793348. doi:10.1210/endo-109-4-1293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KerinJF, LiuJH, PhillipouG, YenSS. Evidence for a hypothalamic site of action of clomiphene citrate in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;61(2):265–268. PMID: 3924949. doi:10.1210/jcem-61-2-2653924949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EmonsG, OrtmannO, ThiessenS, KnuppenR. Effects of estradiol and some antiestrogens (clomiphene, tamoxifen, and hydroxytamoxifen) on luteinizing hormone secretion by rat pituitary cells in culture. Arch Gynecol. 1986;237(4):199–211. PMID: 3516082. doi:10.1007/BF021337823516082
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HillierSG. Gonadotropic control of ovarian follicular growth and development. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001;179:39–46. PMID: 11420129. doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00469-511420129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HillierSG. Current concepts of the roles of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in folliculogenesis. Hum Reprod. 1994;9(2):188–191. PMID: 8027271. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a1384808027271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeghoferA, SchnepfS, BaradD, GleicherN. The impact of luteinizing hormone in assisted reproduction: a review. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007;19(3):253–257. PMID: 17495642. doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e3280bad84317495642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuoYC, ChenPY, LiTT, et al. Different progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocols in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: an analysis of 1188 cycles. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019;299(4):1201–1212. PMID: 30852654. doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05065-430852654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KummerNE, WeitzmanVN, BenadivaCA, SchmidtDW, EngmannLL, NulsenJC. In vitro fertilization outcomes in patients experiencing a premature rise in luteinizing hormone during a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycle. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(8):2592–2594. PMID: 21292260. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.04621292260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReichmanDE, ZakarinL, ChaoK, MeyerL, DavisOK, RosenwaksZ. Diminished ovarian reserve is the predominant risk factor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist failure resulting in breakthrough luteinizing hormone surges in in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril. 2014;102(1):99–102. PMID: 24882557. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.01024882557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KochharPK, GhoshP. Diminished ovarian reserve predisposes to premature luteinizing hormone surges in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles in in vitro fertilization. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2020;13(3):191–195. PMID: 33311904. doi:10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_133_1933311904
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neal-PerryG, NejatE, DickenC. The neuroendocrine physiology of female reproductive aging: an update. Maturitas. 2010;67(1):34–38. PMID: 20570066. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.04.01620570066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JaakkolaT, DingYQ, Kellokumpu-LehtinenP, et al. The ratios of serum bioactive/immunoreactive luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in various clinical conditions with increased and decreased gonadotropin secretion: reevaluation by a highly sensitive immunometric assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70(6):1496–1505. PMID: 2140831. doi:10.1210/jcem-70-6-14962140831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar