98
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Diverse pathomechanisms leading to the breakdown of cellular estrogen surveillance and breast cancer development: new therapeutic strategies

Pages 1381-1390 | Published online: 11 Sep 2014

References

  • Dorgan JF Longcope C Stephenson HEJr Relation of prediagnostic serum estrogen and androgen levels to breast cancer risk Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 5 7 533 539 8827358
  • Cauley JA Lucas FL Kuller LH Stone K Browner W Cummings SR Elevated serum estradiol and testosterone concentrations are associated with a high risk for breast cancer. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group Ann Intern Med 1999 130 4 Pt 1 270 277 10068384
  • The Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies J Natl Cancer Inst 2002 94 8 606 616 11959894
  • Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group Sex hormones and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a collaborative reanalysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies Lancet Oncol 2013 14 10 1009 1019 23890780
  • Kaaks R Berrino F Key T Serum sex steroids in premenopausal women and breast cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) J Natl Cancer Inst 2005 97 10 755 765 15900045
  • Fortner RT Eliassen AH Spiegelman D Premenopausal endogenous steroid hormones and breast cancer risk: results from the Nurses’ Health Study II Breast Cancer Res 2013 15 2 R19 23497468
  • Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A Afanasyeva Y Kaaks R Premenopausal serum androgens and breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study Breast Cancer Res 2012 14 1 R32 22339988
  • Micheli A Muti P Secreto G Endogenous sex hormones and subsequent breast cancer in premenopausal women Int J Cancer 2004 112 2 312 318 15352045
  • Schernhammer ES Sperati F Razavi P Endogenous sex steroids in premenopausal women and risk of breast cancer: the ORDET cohort Breast Cancer Res 2013 15 R46 23777922
  • Eliassen AH Missmer SA Tworoger SS Endogenous steroid hormone concentrations and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women J Natl Cancer Inst 2006 98 19 1406 1415 17018787
  • Walker K Bratton DJ Frost C Premenopausal endogenous oestrogen levels and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis Br J Cancer 2011 105 9 1451 1457 21915119
  • James RE Lukanova A Dossus L Postmenopausal serum sex steroids and risk of hormone receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer: a nested case-control study Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011 4 10 1626 1635 21813404
  • Zhang X Tworoger SS Eliassen AH Hankinson SE Postmenopausal plasma sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk over 20 years of follow-up Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013 137 3 883 892 23283524
  • Farhat GN Cummings SR Chlebowski RT Sex hormone levels and risks of estrogen receptor-negative and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers J Natl Cancer Inst 2011 103 7 562 570 21330633
  • Schoemaker MJ Folkerd EJ Jones ME Combined effects of endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic density on postmenopausal breast cancer risk: results from the Breakthrough Generations Study Br J Cancer 2014 110 1898 1907 24518596
  • Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A Shore RE Koenig KL Postmenopausal levels of oestrogen, androgen, and SHBG and breast cancer: long-term results of a prospective study Br J Cancer 2004 90 1 153 159 14710223
  • Baglietto L Severi G English DR Circulating steroid hormone levels and risk of breast cancer for postmenopausal women Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010 19 2 492 502 20086116
  • Manjer J Johansson R Berglund G Postmenopausal breast cancer risk in relation to sex steroid hormones, prolactin and SHBG (Sweden) Cancer Causes Control 2003 14 7 599 607 14575357
  • Hankinson SE Willett WC Manson JE Plasma sex steroid hormone levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women J Natl Cancer Inst 1998 90 17 1292 1299 9731736
  • Missmer SA Eliassen AH Barbieri RL Hankinson SE Endogenous estrogen, androgen, and progesterone concentrations and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women J Natl Cancer Inst 2004 96 24 1856 1865 15601642
  • Cummings SR Lee JS Lui LY Stone K Ljung BM Cauley JA Sex hormones, risk factors, and risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in older women: a long-term prospective study Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005 14 5 1047 1051 15894651
  • Sieri S Krogh V Bolelli G Sex hormone levels, breast cancer risk, and cancer receptor status in postmenopausal women: the ORDET cohort Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009 18 1 169 176 19124495
  • Fuhrman BJ Schairer C Gail MH Estrogen metabolism and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women J Natl Cancer Inst 2012 104 4 326 339 22232133
  • Sturgeon SR Potischman N Malone KE Serum levels of sex hormones and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women: a case-control study (USA) Cancer Causes Control 2004 15 1 45 53 14970734
  • Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group Circulating sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of 13 studies Br J Cancer 2011 105 709 722 21772329
  • Falk RT Brinton LA Dorgan JF Relationship of serum estrogens and estrogen metabolites to postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study Breast Cancer Res 2013 15 2 R34 23607871
  • Lamar CA Dorgan JF Longcope C Stanczyk FZ Falk RT Stephenson HEJr Serum sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003 12 4 380 833 12692114
  • Björnström L Sjöberg M Mechanisms of estrogen receptor signaling: convergence of genomic and nongenomic actions on target genes Mol Endocrinol 2005 19 4 833 842 15695368
  • Ascenzi P Bocedi A Marino M Structure-function relationship of estrogen receptor alpha and beta: impact on human health Mol Aspects Med 2006 27 4 299 402 16914190
  • Levin ER Integration of the extranuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen Mol Endocrinol 2005 19 8 1951 1959 15705661
  • Suba Z Common soil of smoking-associated and hormone-related cancers: estrogen deficiency Oncol Rev 2010 4 2 73 87
  • Suba Z Low estrogen exposure and/or defective estrogen signaling induces disturbances in glucose uptake and energy expenditure J Diabetes Metab 2013 4 272
  • Smith CL Cross-talk between peptide growth factor and estrogen receptor signaling pathways Biol Reprod 1998 58 3 627 632 9510949
  • Smith EP Boyd J Frank GR Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man N Engl J Med 1994 331 1056 1061 8090165
  • Quaynor SD Stradtman EW Kim HG Delayed puberty and estrogen resistance in a woman with estrogen receptor α variant N Engl J Med 2013 369 2 164 171 23841731
  • Barros RP Machado UF Gustafsson JA Estrogen receptors: new players in diabetes mellitus Trends Mol Med 2006 12 9 425 431 16890492
  • Barros RP Gustafsson JÅ Estrogen receptors and the metabolic network Cell Metab 2011 14 3 289 299 21907136
  • Morishima A Grumbach MM Simpson ER Fisher C Qin K Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 80 12 3689 3698 8530621
  • Simpson ER Sources of estrogen and their importance J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003 86 3–5 225 230 14623515
  • Maffei L Rochira V Zirilli L A novel compound heterozygous mutation of the aromatase gene in an adult man: reinforced evidence on the relationship between congenital oestrogen deficiency, adiposity and the metabolic syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007 67 2 218 224 17547681
  • Spangenburg EE Wohlers LM Valencia AP Metabolic dysfunction under reduced estrogen levels: looking to exercise for prevention Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2012 40 4 195 203 22653278
  • Faulds MH Zhao C Dahlman-Wright K Gustaffson J The diversity of sex steroid action: regulation of metabolism by estrogen signaling J Endocrinol 2012 212 3 12 21511884
  • Suba Z Interplay between insulin resistance and estrogen deficiency as co-activators in carcinogenesis Pathol Oncol Res 2012 18 2 123 133 21984197
  • Suba Z Circulatory estrogen level protects against breast cancer in obese women Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2013 8 2 154 167 23061769
  • Stamataki KE Spina J Rangou DB Chlouverakis CS Piaditis GP Ovarian function in women with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996 45 5 615 621 8977760
  • Vriend J Bertalanffy FD Ralcewicz TA The effects of melatonin and hypothyroidism on estradiol and gonadotropin levels in female Syrian hamsters Biol Reprod 1987 36 719 728 3109508
  • Suba Z Light deficiency confers breast cancer risk by endocrine disorders Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2012 7 3 337 344 22694289
  • Nestler JE Obesity, insulin, sex steroids and ovulation Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000 24 Suppl 2 S71 S73 10997613
  • Björntorp P The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996 20 4 291 302 8680455
  • Christakou CD Diamanti-Kandarakis E Role of androgen excess on metabolic aberrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2008 4 6 583 594 19072461
  • Attia GR Rainey WE Carr BR Metformin directly inhibits androgen production in human thecal cells Fertil Steril 2001 76 3 517 524 11532475
  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E Baillargeon JP Iuorno MJ Jakubowicz DJ Nestler JE A modern medical quandary: polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and oral contraceptive pills J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 88 5 1927 1932 12727935
  • Lindberg BS Johansson ED Nilsson BA Plasma levels of nonconjugated oestrone, oestradiol–17beta and oestriol during uncomplicated pregnancy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 1974 2 21 36 4527049
  • Key TJ Hormones and cancer in humans Mutat Res 1995 333 1–2 59 67 8538637
  • Britt K Ashworth A Smalley M Pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer Endocr Relat Cancer 2007 14 4 907 933 18045947
  • Maggi A Liganded and unliganded activation of estrogen receptor and hormone replacement therapies Biochim Biophys Acta 2011 1812 8 1054 1060 21605666
  • Jordan VC Ford LG Paradoxical clinical effect of estrogen on breast cancer risk: a “new” biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011 4 5 633 637 21478501
  • Suba Z Failures and controversies of the antiestrogen treatment of breast cancer Suba Z Estrogen Prevention for Breast Cancer New York, NY Nova Science Publishers Inc 2013 105 125
  • Widschwendter M Rosenthal AN Philpott S The sex hormone system in carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations: a case-control study Lancet Oncol 2013 14 12 1226 1232 24140203
  • Kim J Oktay K Baseline E(2) levels are higher in BRCA2 mutation carriers: a potential target for prevention? Cancer Causes Control 2013 24 3 421 426 23271408
  • Suba Z Triple-negative breast cancer risk in women is defined by the defect of estrogen signaling: preventive and therapeutic implications Onco Targets Ther 2014 7 147 164 24482576
  • Oktay K Kim JY Barad D Babayev SN Association of BRCA1 mutations with occult primary ovarian insufficiency: a possible explanation for the link between infertility and breast/ovarian cancer risks J Clin Oncol 2010 28 2 240 244 19996028
  • Finch A Valentini A Greenblatt E Hereditary Breast Cancer Study Group Frequency of premature menopause in women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation Fertil Steril 2013 99 6 1724 1728 23414920
  • Lin WT Beattie M Chen LM Comparison of age at natural menopause in BRCA 1/2 mutation carriers with a non-clinic-based sample of women in northern California Cancer 2013 119 9 1652 1659 23362014
  • Bordeleau L Lipscombe L Lubinski J Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group Diabetes and breast cancer among women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations Cancer 2011 117 9 1812 1818 21509758
  • Wang KC Woung LC Tsai MT Liu CC Su YH Li CY Risk of alzheimer’s disease in relation to diabetes: a population-based cohort study Neuroepidemiology 2012 38 237 244 22572745
  • Carcaillon L Brailly-Tabard S Ancelin ML High plasma estradiol interacts with diabetes on risk of dementia in older postmenopausal women Neurology 2014 82 6 504 511 24477111
  • Wu SI Chou P Tsai ST The impact of years since menopause on the development of impaired glucose tolerance J Clin Epidemiol 2001 54 2 117 120 11166525
  • Onland-Moret NC van Gils CH Roest M Grobbee DE Peeters PH The estrogen receptor alpha gene and breast cancer risk (the Netherlands) Cancer Causes Control 2005 16 10 1195 1202 16215870
  • Herynk MH Fuqua SA Estrogen receptor mutations in human disease Endocr Rev 2004 25 6 869 898 15583021
  • Shin A Kang D Nishio H Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003 80 127 131 12889606
  • Cai Q Shu XO Jin F Genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and risk of breast cancer: results from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003 12 853 859 14504194
  • Zheng SL Zheng W Chang BL Joint effect of estrogen receptor beta sequence variants and endogenous estrogen exposure on breast cancer risk in Chinese women Cancer Res 2003 63 22 7624 7629 14633679
  • Ryan J Canonico M Carcaillon L Hormone treatment, estrogen receptor polymorphisms and mortality: a prospective cohort study PLoS One 2012 7 e34112 22457817
  • Bloomgarden ZT Second World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome: mediators, pediatric insulin resistance, the polycystic ovary syndrome, and malignancy Diabetes Care 2005 28 8 1821 1830 15983348
  • Suba Z Ujpál M Correlations of insulin resistance and neoplasms Magy Onkol 2006 50 2 127 135 Hungarian 16888676
  • Reaven GM Banting lecture 1988: role of insulin resistance in human disease Diabetes 1988 37 12 1595 1607 3056758
  • Gupta K Krishnaswamy G Karnad A Peiris A Insulin: a novel factor in carcinogenesis Am J Med Sci 2002 323 3 140 145 11908858
  • Yu H Rohan T Role of insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression J Natl Cancer Inst 2000 92 18 1472 1489 10995803
  • Sartor BM Dickey RP Polycystic ovarian syndrome and the metabolic syndrome Am J Med Sci 2005 330 6 336 342 16355019
  • Moghetti P Castello R Negri C Insulin infusion amplifies 17 alpha-hydroxycorticosteroid intermediates response to adrenocorticotropin in hyperandrogenic women: apparent relative impairment of 17, 20-lyase activity J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 81 3 881 886 8772544
  • Cara JF Rosenfield RL Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin potentiate luteinizing hormone-induced androgen synthesis by rat ovarian thecal-interstitial cells Endocrinology 1988 123 2 733 739 2969325
  • Shupnik MA Gordon MS Chin WW Tissue-specific regulation of rat estrogen receptor mRNAs Mol Endocrinol 1989 3 4 660 665 2725529
  • Pascall JC Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by androgens: recent observations from the epidermal growth factor gene J Mol Endocrinol 1997 18 177 180 9195471
  • Veldhuis JD Frystyk J Iranmanesh A Ørskov H Testosterone and estradiol regulate free insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), and dimeric IGF-I/IGFBP-1 concentrations J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 90 5 2941 2947 15713723
  • Lukanova A Lundin E Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A Body mass index, circulating levels of sex-steroid hormones, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3: a cross-sectional study in healthy women Eur J Endocrinol 2004 150 2 161 171 14763914
  • Stoica A Saceda M Doraiswamy VL Coleman C Martin MB Regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha gene expression by epidermal growth factor J Endocrinol 2000 165 2 371 378 10810301
  • Curtis SW Washburn T Sewall C Physiological coupling of growth factor and steroid receptor signaling pathways: estrogen receptor knockout mice lack estrogen-like response to epidermal growth factor Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 93 22 12626 12630 8901633
  • Larsson SC Mantzoros CS Wolk A Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis Int J Cancer 2007 121 4 856 862 17397032
  • Fan S Ma YX Wang C Role of direct interaction in BRCA1 inhibition of estrogen receptor activity Oncogene 2001 20 1 77 87 11244506
  • Zheng L Annab LA Afshari CA Lee WH Boyer TG BRCA1 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional repression of the estrogen receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 98 17 9587 9592 11493692