Polymeric Nanohydrogel in Topical Drug Delivery System

References

• Jiménez-Rosado P, Romero M. Drug transport pathways across skin. Polymers. 2022;2022:3023.
   Google Scholar
• Shah P, Singh M. Enhanced skin permeation using polyarginine modified nanostructured lipid carriers. J Control Release. 2012;161(3). 735–745. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah PP, Desai PR, Patel AR, Singh MS. Skin permeating nanogel for the cutaneous co-delivery of two anti-inflammatory drugs. Biomaterials. 2012;33(5):1607–1617. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somagoni J, Boakye CHA, Godugu C, et al. Nanomiemgel - A novel drug delivery system for topical application - In vitro and in vivo evaluation. PLoS One. 2014;9(12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chouhan C, Rajput RPS, Sahu R, Verma P, Sahu S. An updated review on nanoparticle based approach for nanogel drug delivery system. J Drug Delivery Ther. 2020;10(5–s):254–266. doi:10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4465
   Google Scholar
• Joglekar M, Trewyn BG. Polymer-based stimuli-responsive nanosystems for biomedical applications. Biotechnol J. 2013;8(8):931–945. doi:10.1002/biot.201300073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parhi R, Sahoo SK, Das A. Applications of polysaccharides in topical and transdermal drug delivery: A recent update of literature Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 2023;58(e20802):1–38. doi:10.1590/s2175-97902022e20802
   Google Scholar
• Wang W, Lu KJ, Yu CH, Huang QL, Du YZ. Nano-DDS in wound treatment and skin regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology. 2019;17(1). doi:10.1186/s12951-019-0514-y
   Google Scholar
• Bashir MH, Korany NS, Farag DBE, et al. Polymeric nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds in craniofacial bone regeneration: a comprehensive review. Biomolecules. 2023;13(2). doi:10.3390/biom13020205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Álvarez-Bautista A, Duarte CMM, Mendizábal E, Katime I. Controlled delivery of drugs through smart pH-sensitive NH for anti-cancer therapies: synthesis, drug release and cellular studies. Des Monomers Polym. 2016;19(4):319–329. doi:10.1080/15685551.2016.1152542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quazi MZ, Park N. NH: advanced polymeric nanomaterials in the era of nanotechnology for robust functionalization and cumulative applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(4). doi:10.3390/ijms23041943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asadi H, Rostamizadeh K, Salari D, Hamidi M. Preparation and characterization of tri-block poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) nanogels for controlled release of naltrexone. Int J Pharm. 2011;416(1):356–364. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.06.035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suhandi C, Wilar G, Lesmana R, et al. Propolis-based nanostructured lipid carriers for α-mangostin delivery: formulation, characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity evaluation. Molecules. 2023;28(16):6057. doi:10.3390/molecules28166057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S, Lu S, Fan X, et al. Synthesis of gelatin-based dual-targeted nanoparticles of betulinic acid for antitumor therapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020;3(6):3518–3525. doi:10.1021/acsabm.9b01204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khoee S. Nanogels: Chemical Approaches to Preparation. Vol. 27. CRC Press; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Ul M SSA, Basharat K, et al. Silk-based nano-hydrogels for futuristic biomedical applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2022:72. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sood N, Bhardwaj A, Mehta S, Mehta A. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Drug Deliv. 2016;23(3):758–780. doi:10.3109/10717544.2014.940091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soni KS, Desale SS, Bronich TK. Nanogels: an overview of properties, biomedical applications and obstacles to clinical translation. J Control Release. 2016;240:109–126. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajebi S, Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, et al. Stimulus-responsive polymeric nanogels as smart drug delivery systems. Acta Biomater. 2019;92:1–18. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd El-Rehim HA, Hegazy ESA, Hamed AA, Swilem AE. Controlling the size and swellability of stimuli-responsive polyvinylpyrrolidone-poly(acrylic acid) nanogels synthesized by gamma radiation-induced template polymerization. Eur Polym J. 2013;49(3):601–612. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosnik A, Seremeta KP. Polymeric hydrogels as technology platform for drug delivery applications. Gels. 2017;3(3). doi:10.3390/gels3030025
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kousalová J, Etrych T. Polymeric nanogels as drug delivery systems. Physiol Res. 2018;67:s305–s317. doi:10.33549/physiolres.933979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhandi C, Mohammed AFA, Wilar G, El-Rayyes A, Wathoni N. Effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell secretome on wound healing a systematic review and meta-analysis tissue. Eng Regen Med. 2023;20(7):1053–1062. doi:10.1007/s13770-023-00570-9
   Google Scholar
• Thummarati P, Suksiriworapong J, Sakchaisri K, Junyaprasert VB. Effect of chemical linkers of curcumin conjugated hyaluronic acid on nanoparticle properties and in vitro performances in various cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2021;61. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohail R, Abbas SR. Evaluation of amygdalin-loaded alginate-chitosan nanoparticles as biocompatible drug delivery carriers for anticancerous efficacy. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;153:36–45. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saroia J, Yanen W, Wei Q, Zhang K, Lu T, Zhang B. A review on biocompatibility nature of hydrogels with 3D printing techniques, tissue engineering application and its future prospective. Bio-Design Manuf. 2018;1(4):265–279. doi:10.1007/s42242-018-0029-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zschocke I, Mrowietz U, Lotzin A, Karakasili E, Reich K. Assessing adherence factors in patients under topical treatment: development of the Topical Therapy Adherence Questionnaire (TTAQ). Arch Dermatol Res. 2014;306(3):287–297. doi:10.1007/s00403-014-1446-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makhathini SS, Mdanda S, Kondiah PJ, et al. Biomedicine innovations and its nanohydrogel classifications. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(12). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14122839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setia A, Ahuja P. Organic Materials as Smart Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery. Elsevier; 2018:293–368. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813663-8.00008-7
   Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Wei P, Yang Z, et al. Current progress and outlook of nano-based hydrogel dressings for wound healing. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(1). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15010068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalwadi C, Patel G Send orders for reprints to [email protected] recent patents application of nh in drug delivery systems: recent patents review. vol 9; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Li C, Obireddy SR, Lai WF. Preparation and use of nanogels as carriers of drugs. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):1594–1602. doi:10.1080/10717544.2021.1955042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi MA, Khatoon F. Different types of smart nanogel for targeted delivery. J Sci Adv Mater Devices. 2019;4(2):201–212. doi:10.1016/j.jsamd.2019.04.004
   Google Scholar
• Yuniarsih N, Hidayah H, Gunarti NS, et al. Evaluation of wound-healing activity of hydrogel extract of sansevieria trifasciata leaves (Asparagaceae). Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2023;2023. doi:10.1155/2023/7680518
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts MS, Mohammed Y, Pastore MN, et al. Topical and cutaneous delivery using nanosystems. J Control Release. 2017;247:86–105. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galliano MF, Tfayli A, Dauskardt RH, et al. Comprehensive characterization of the structure and properties of human SC relating to barrier function and skin hydration: modulation by a moisturizer formulation. Exp Dermatol. 2021;30(9):1352–1357. doi:10.1111/exd.14331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal R, Macri LK, Kaplan HM, Mbbc F, Kohn J. Nanoparticles and Nanofibers for Topical Drug Delivery; 2015. Availabe from: http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/. Accessed February 23, 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Chandrashekha BS, Anitha M, Ruparelia M, et al. Tretinoin nanogel 0.025% versus conventional gel 0.025% in patients with acne vulgaris: a randomized, active controlled, multicentre, parallel group, Phase IV clinical trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(1):WC04–WC09. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/10663.5469
   Google Scholar
• Kaspar D, Linder J, Zöllner P, Simon U, Smola H. Economic benefit of a polyacrylate-based hydrogel compared to an amorphous hydrogel in wound bed preparation of venous leg ulcers. Chronic Wound Care Manag Res. 2015;63. doi:10.2147/cwcmr.s78580
   Google Scholar
• Kaur L, Jain SK, Manhas RK, Sharma D. Nanoethosomal formulation for skin targeting of amphotericin B: an in vitro and in vivo assessment. J Liposome Res. 2015;25(4):294–307. doi:10.3109/08982104.2014.995670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vyumvuhore R, Tfayli A, Biniek K, et al. The relationship between water loss, mechanical stress, and molecular structure of human SC ex vivo. J Biophotonics. 2015;8(3):217–225. doi:10.1002/jbio.201300169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts MS, Cheruvu HS, Mangion SE, et al. Topical drug delivery: history, percutaneous absorption, and product development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021:177. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.113929
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raza K, Kumar M, Kumar P, et al. Topical delivery of aceclofenac: challenges and promises of novel drug delivery systems. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014. doi:10.1155/2014/406731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raina N, Rani R, Thakur VK, Gupta M. New insights in topical drug delivery for skin disorders: from a nanotechnological perspective. ACS Omega. 2023;8(22):19145–19167. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c08016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng Y, Li S, Tang H, Tao X, Fan Y, Huang Y. Medical applications of hydrogels in skin infections: a review. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;16:391–401. doi:10.2147/IDR.S396990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radulescu DM, Neacsu IA, Grumezescu AM, Andronescu E. New insights of scaffolds based on hydrogels in tissue engineering. Polymers. 2022;14(4). doi:10.3390/polym14040799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustamante-Torres M, Romero-Fierro D, Arcentales-Vera B, Palomino K, Magaña H, Bucio E. Hydrogels classification according to the physical or chemical interactions and as stimuli-sensitive materials. Gels. 2021;7(4). doi:10.3390/gels7040182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panthi VK, Jha SK, Pangeni R, Paudel KR. Formulation and development of adapalene topical nanohydrogel using different surfactants and cosurfactants for antiacne activity: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation. J Nanomater. 2022;2022. doi:10.1155/2022/6889293
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Algahtani MS, Ahmad MZ, Nourein IH, Ahmad J. Co-delivery of imiquimod and curcumin by nanoemugel for improved topical delivery and reduced psoriasis-like skin lesions. Biomolecules. 2020;10(7):1–19. doi:10.3390/biom10070968
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrabi SM, Majumder S, Gupta KC, Kumar A. Dextran based amphiphilic nano-hybrid hydrogel system incorporated with curcumin and cerium oxide nanoparticles for wound healing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2020;195. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Zhao X, Li M, et al. Antibacterial and wound healing–promoting effect of sponge-like chitosan-loaded silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by iturin. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;181:1183–1195. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piva RH, Rocha MC, Piva DH, Imasato H, Malavazi I, Rodrigues-Filho UP. Acidic dressing based on agarose/Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 nanocomposite for infection control in wound care. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(37):30963–30972. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b09066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshehri S, Imam SS. Formulation and evaluation of butenafine loaded PLGA-nanoparticulate laden chitosan nano gel. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):2348–2360. doi:10.1080/10717544.2021.1995078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Han Y, Zhu T, et al. Targeting delivery and minimizing epidermal diffusion of tranexamic acid by hyaluronic acid-coated liposome nanogels for topical hyperpigmentation treatment. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):2100–2107. doi:10.1080/10717544.2021.1983081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi M, Qadir A, Aqil M, et al. Berberine loaded dermal quality by design adapted chemically engineered lipid nano-constructs-gel formulation for the treatment of skin acne. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2021:66. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102805
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stocke NA, Zhang X, Hilt JZ, DeRouchey JE. Transport in PEG-based hydrogels: role of water content at synthesis and crosslinker molecular weight. Macromol Chem Phys. 2017;218(3). doi:10.1002/macp.201600340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puri V, Froelich A, Shah P, Pringle S, Chen K, Michniak-Kohn B. Quality by design guided development of polymeric nanospheres of terbinafine hydrochloride for topical treatment of onychomycosis using a nano-gel formulation. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(10). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14102170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alamri MA, et al. Resveratrol-loaded chia seed oil-based nanogel as an anti-inflammatory in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Gels. 2023;9(2). doi:10.3390/gels9020131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabel-Grau T, Tyushina A, Babalik C, Lensen MC. UV-VIS curable PEG hydrogels for biomedical applications with multifunctionality. Gels. 2022;8(3). doi:10.3390/gels8030164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail SH, Hamdy A, Ismail TA, Mahboub HH, Mahmoud WH, Daoush WM. Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial carbopol/ZnO hybrid nanoparticles Gel. Crystals. 2021;11(9). doi:10.3390/cryst11091092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sindhu RK, Gupta R, Wadhera G, Kumar P. Modern herbal nanogels: formulation, delivery methods, and applications. Gels. 2022;8(2). doi:10.3390/gels8020097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajagopalan R, Jain SK, Kaul A, Trivedi P. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies on topically-delivered technetium-99m-labeled 5-FU nanogel formulation for management of pre-cancerous skin lesions. Trop J Pharm Res. 2019;18(9):1977–1983. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v18i9.28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Zhang L, Hu J, Wang W, Liu X. Promote anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis using a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel with miRNA-laden nanoparticles for chronic diabetic wound treatment. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;166:166–178. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh S, Lahiri D, Nag M, et al. Bacterial biopolymer: its role in pathogenesis to effective biomaterials. Polymers. 2021;13:8. doi:10.3390/polym13081242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood A, Patel D, Hickson B, Desrochers J, Hu X. Recent progress in biopolymer-based hydrogel materials for biomedical applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3). doi:10.3390/ijms23031415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salahuddin B, Wang S, Sangian D, Aziz S, Gu Q. Hybrid gelatin hydrogels in nanomedicine applications. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021;4(4):2886–2906. doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c01630
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Águila-Almanza E, Low SS, Hernández-Cocoletzi H, et al. Facile and green approach in managing sand crab carapace biowaste for obtention of high deacetylation percentage chitosan. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(3). doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckanagul JA, Pitakchatwong C, Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, et al. Chitosan-based polymer hybrids for thermo-responsive nanogel delivery of curcumin. Carbohydr Polym. 2018;181:1119–1127. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Cid P, Jiménez-Rosado M, Alonso-González M, Romero A, Perez-Puyana V. Applied rheology as tool for the assessment of chitosan hydrogels for regenerative medicine. Polymers. 2021;13(13). doi:10.3390/polym13132189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Application of alginate hydrogels for next‐generation articular cartilage regeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3). doi:10.3390/ijms23031147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Cheng J, Ao Q, et al. Marine drugs preparation of alginate-based biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine; 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Kharkar PM, Kiick KL, Kloxin AM. Designing degradable hydrogels for orthogonal control of cell microenvironments. Chem Soc Rev. 2013;42(17):7335–7372. doi:10.1039/c3cs60040h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad Raus R, Wan Nawawi WMF, Nasaruddin RR. Alginate and alginate composites for biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2021;16(3):280–306. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2020.10.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao Y, He J, Song K, Guo J, Zhou X, Liu S. Functionalization and antibacterial applications of cellulose-based composite hydrogels. Polymers. 2022;14(4). doi:10.3390/polym14040769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundu R, Mahada P, Chhirang B, Das B. Cellulose hydrogels: green and sustainable soft biomaterials. Curr Res Green Sustain Chem. 2022;5. doi:10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100252
   Google Scholar
• Filippone A, Consoli GML, Granata G, et al. Topical delivery of curcumin by choline-calix[4]arene-based nanohydrogel improves its therapeutic effect on a psoriasis mouse model. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(14):1–15. doi:10.3390/ijms21145053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ermawati DE, Yugatama A, Ramadhani BR, Pertiwi I, Rosikhoh A, Novachiria SR. Stability And Antibacterial Activity Test Of Nanosilver Biosynthetic Hydrogel. Int J Appl Pharm. 2022;14(2):221–226. doi:10.22159/ijap.2022v14i2.43584
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• González-Ortega LA, Acosta-Osorio AA, Grube-Pagola P, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin in gel carriers on mice with atrial edema. J Oleo Sci. 2020;69(2):123–131. doi:10.5650/jos.ess19212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesharwani D, Das Paul S, Paliwal R, Satapathy T. Exploring potential of diacerin nanogel for topical application in arthritis: formulation development, QbD based optimization and pre-clinical evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2023;223. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman S, Haque TN, Sugandhi VV, Saraswat AL, Xin X, Cho H. Topical cream carrying drug-loaded nanogels for melanoma treatment. Pharm Res. 2023. doi:10.1007/s11095-023-03506-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghanbariasad A, Amoozegar F, Rahmani M, Zarenezhad E, Osanloo M. Impregnated nanofibrous mat with nanogel of citrus sinensis essential oil as a new type of dressing in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2021;11(4):11066–11076. doi:10.33263/BRIAC114.1106611076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkomy MH, Alruwaili NK, Elmowafy M, et al. Surface-modified bilosomes nanogel bearing a natural plant alkaloid for safe management of rheumatoid arthritis inflammation. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14030563
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basto R, Andrade R, Nunes C, Lima SAC, Reis S pharmaceutics topical delivery of niacinamide to skin using hybrid nanogels enhances photoprotection effect. 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Esmaeili F, Zahmatkeshan M, Yousefpoor Y, Alipanah H, Safari E, Osanloo M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Cinnamon and Clove essential oils nanogels: an in vivo study. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022;22(1). doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03619-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pan X, Kong D, Wang W, et al. Synthetic polymeric antibacterial hydrogel for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing: nanoantimicrobial self-assembly, drug- And cytokine-free strategy. ACS Nano. 2020;14(10):12905–12917. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c03855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirri M, Nerli G, Mennini N, Maestrelli F, Mura P. Development and characterization of cyclodextrin-based nanogels as a new ibuprofen cutaneous delivery system. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(12). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14122567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loo Y, Wong YC, Cai EZ, et al. Ultrashort peptide nanofibrous hydrogels for the acceleration of healing of burn wounds. Biomaterials. 2014;35(17):4805–4814. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai XJ, Mesquida P, Jones SA. Investigating the ability of nanoparticle-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and xanthan gum gels to enhance drug penetration into the skin. Int J Pharm. 2016;513(1–2):302–308. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.055
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sabitha M, Sanoj Rejinold N, Nair A, Lakshmanan VK, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. Development and evaluation of 5-fluorouracil loaded chitin nanogels for treatment of skin cancer. Carbohydr Polym. 2013;91(1):48–57. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanusha AV, Dinda AK, Koul V. Evaluation of nano hydrogel composite based on gelatin/HA/CS suffused with Asiatic acid/ZnO and CuO nanoparticles for second degree burns. Mater Sci Eng C. 2018;89:378–386. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.03.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manconi M, Manca ML, Caddeo C, et al. Preparation of gellan-cholesterol NH embedding baicalin and evaluation of their wound healing activity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2018;127:244–249. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musazzi UM, Cencetti C, Franzé S, et al. Gellan NH: novel nanodelivery systems for cutaneous administration of piroxicam. Mol Pharm. 2018;15(3):1028–1036. doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00926
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xi Loh EY, Fauzi MB, Ng MH, et al. Cellular and molecular interaction of human dermal fibroblasts with bacterial nanocellulose composite hydrogel for tissue regeneration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(46):39532–39543. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b16645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanganabhatla D, Sunder RS. A novel nanogel formulation of finasteride for topical treatment of androgenetic alopecia: design, characterization and in vitro evaluation. Int J Appl Pharm. 2021;13(4):228–240. doi:10.22159/ijap.2021v13i4.41599
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahmed OAA, Rizq WY. Finasteride nano-transferosomal gel formula for management of androgenetic alopecia: ex vivo investigational approach. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:2259–2265. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S171888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Sonia S. Formulation development and investigations on therapeutic potential of nanogel from beta vulgaris l. extract in testosterone-induced alopecia. Biomed Res Int. 2023;2023. doi:10.1155/2023/1777631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar