Intranasal naloxone and related strategies for opioid overdose intervention by nonmedical personnel: a review

References

• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and QualityBehavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and HealthRockville, MDSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration2015 Available from: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-FRR1-2014/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.pdfAccessed June 24, 2016
   Google Scholar
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality FileNumber and age-adjusted rates of drug-poisoning deaths involving opioid analgesics and heroin: United States, 2000–2014Atlanta, GACenter for Disease Control and Prevention2015 Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/health_policy/AADR_drug_poisoning_involving_OA_Heroin_US_2000-2014.pdfAccessed June 24, 2016
   Google Scholar
• DahanAAartsLSmithTWIncidence, reversal, and prevention of opioid induced respiratory depressionAnesthesiology2010112122623820010421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoyerEWManagement of opioid analgesic overdoseN Engl J Med2012367214615522784117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YealyDMParisPMKaplanRMHellerMBMariniSEThe safety of prehospital naloxone administration by paramedicsAnn Emerg Med19901989029052372173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SporerKAFirestoneJIsaacsSMOut-of-hospital treatment of opioid overdoses in an urban settingAcad Emerg Med1996376606678816181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BelzDLiebJReaTEisenbergMSNaloxone use in a tiered-response emergency medical services systemPrehosp Emerg Care200610446847116997776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RatcliffeJMLydenJTSousaSOrelienJGBoalWLJaggerJBlood exposure among paramedics: incidence rates from the national study to prevent blood exposure in paramedicsAnn Epidemiol200616972072516581265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WolfeTRBernstoneTIntranasal drug delivery: an alternative to intravenous administration in selected emergency casesJ Emerg Nurs200430214114715039670
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KerrDDietzePKellyAMIntranasal naloxone for the treatment of suspected heroin overdoseAddiction2008103337938618269360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeberJMTatarisKLHoffmanJDAksSEMycykMBCan nebulized naloxone be used safely and effectively by emergency medical services for suspected opioid overdose?Prehosp Emerg Care201216228929222191727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobinsonAWermerlingDPIntranasal naloxone administration for treatment of opioid overdoseAm J Health Syst Pharm201471242129213525465584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeavittSBIntranasal naloxone for at-home opioid rescuePract Pain Manag2010104246
   Google Scholar
• LimJKBratbergJPDavisCSGreenTCWalleyAYPrescribe to prevent: Overdose prevention and naloxone rescue kits for prescribers and pharmacistsJ Addic Med2016105300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuckMLUse of intramuscular/subcutaneous and intranasal naloxone products for pediatric opioid overdosePediatr Pharmacother201622314
   Google Scholar
• AshtonHHassanZBest evidence topic report. Intranasal naloxone in suspected opioid overdoseEmerg Med J200623322122316498165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WermelingDPOpioid harm reduction strategies: focus on expanded access to intranasal naloxonePharmacother2010307627631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WermelingDPA response to the opioid overdose epidemic: naloxone nasal sprayDrug Deliv Transl Res201331637423734342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClarkAKWilderCMWinstanleyELA systematic review of community opioid overdose prevention and naloxone distribution programsJ Addict Med20148315316324874759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health OrganizationCommunity management of opioid overdose2014 Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137462/1/9789241548816_eng.pdf?ua=1&uaAccessed August 18, 2016
   Google Scholar
• GiglioRELiGDimaggioCJEffectiveness of bystander naloxone administration and overdose education programs: a meta-analysisInj Epidemiol20152119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McAuleyAAucottLMathesonCExploring the life-saving potential of naloxone: a systematic review and descriptive meta-analysis of take home naloxone (THN) programmes for opioid usersInt J Drug Pol2015261211831188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MuellerSRWalleyAYCalcaterraSLGlanzJMBinswangerIAA review of opioid overdose prevention and naloxone prescribing: implications for translating community programming into clinical practiceSubst Abuse2015362240253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WermelingDPReview of naloxone safety for opioid overdose: practical considerations for new technology and expanded public accessTher Advan Drug Saf201561203125642320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StrangJMcDonaldRTasBDayEClinical provision of improvised nasal naloxone without experimental testing and without regulatory approval: imaginative shortcut or dangerous bypass of essential safety procedures?Addiction2016111457458226840916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WinstanleyELTangled-up and blue: releasing the regulatory choke-hold on take-home naloxoneAddiction2016111458358426995167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DietzePCantwellKIntranasal naloxone soon to become part of evolving clinical practice around opioid overdose preventionAddiction2016111458458626995168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LobmaierPPClausenTRadical red tape reduction by government supported nasal naloxone: the Norwegian pilot project is innovative, safe and an important contribution to further development and dissemination of take-home naloxoneAddiction2016111458658726995169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DaleOEthical issues and stakeholders matterAddiction2016111458758926995170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BalsterRLWalshSLEnsure global access to naloxone for opioid overdose managementAddiction2016111458959026995171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StrangJMcdonaldRNew approved nasal naloxone welcome, but unlicensed improvised naloxone spray kits remain a concern: proper scientific study must accompany innovationAddiction2016111459059226995172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonaldRStrangJAre take-home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteriaAddiction201611171177118727028542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HussainAKimuraRChong-HengHKashiharaTNasal absorption of naloxone and buprenorphine in ratsIntl J Pharmaceut1984212233237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoimerNHofmannPChaudhryHRNasal administration of naloxone for detection of opiate dependenceJ Psychiat Res199226139431560408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LoimerNHofmannPChaudhryHRNasal administration of naloxone is as effective as the intravenous route in opiate addictsInt J Addic1994296819827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StrangJDarkeSHallWFarrellMAliRHeroin overdose: the case for take-home naloxoneBrit Med J1996312704414358664611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KellyAKoutsogiannisZIntranasal naloxone for life threatening opioid toxicityEmerg Med J2002194375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BartonEDRamosJColwellCBensonJBailyJDunnWIntranasal administration of naloxone by paramedicsPrehosp Emerg Care200261545811789651
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BartonEDColwellCBWolfeTEfficacy of intranasal naloxone as a needleless alternative for treatment of opioid overdose in the prehospital settingJ Emerg Med200529326527116183444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KellyAMKerrDDietzePPatrickIWalkerTKoutsogiannisZRandomised trial of intranasal versus intramuscular naloxone in prehospital treatment for suspected opioid overdoseMed J Austral20051821242715651944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KerrDKellyAMDietzePJolleyDBargerBRandomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness and safety of intranasal and intramuscular naloxone for the treatment of suspected heroin overdoseAddiction2009104122067207419922572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SabzghabaeeAMEizadi-MoodNYaraghiAZandifarSNaloxone therapy in opioid overdose patients: intranasal or intravenous? A randomized clinical trialArch Med Sci201410230931424904666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RobertsonTMHendeyGWStrohGShalitMIntranasal naloxone is a viable alternative to intravenous naloxone for prehospital narcotic overdosePrehosp Emerg Care200913451251519731165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MerlinMASayboltMKapitanyanRIntranasal naloxone delivery is an alternative to intravenous naloxone for opioid overdosesAm J Emerg Med201028329630320223386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doe-SimkinsMWalleyAYEpsteinAMoyerPSaved by the nose: bystander-administered intranasal naloxone hydrochloride for opioid overdoseAm J Public Health200999578879119363214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalleyAYXuanZHackmanHHOpioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysisBrit Med J2013346f17423372174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalleyAYDoe-SimkinsMQuinnEPierceCXuanZOzonoffAOpioid overdose prevention with intranasal naloxone among people who take methadoneJ Subst Abuse Treat201344224124722980450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug AdministrationRole of Naloxone in Opioid Overdose Fatality Prevention Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/newsevents/ucm304621.pdfAccessed August 18, 2016
   Google Scholar
• HertzSNaloxone for Outpatient Use: Data Required to Support an NDA Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/newsevents/ucm300874.pdfAccessed August 18, 2016
   Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug AdministrationNarcan Nasal Spray Summary Review for Regulatory Action Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DevelopmentRe-sources/UCM480092.pdfAccessed June 7, 2016
   Google Scholar
• KrieterPChiangNGyawSPharmacokinetic properties and human use characteristics of an FDA-approved intranasal naloxone product for the treatment of opioid overdoseJ Clin Pharmacol201656101243125327145977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CrystalRWeissMBinventorsLightlake Therapeutics Inc., assigneeNasal drug products and methods of their useUnited States Patent US92112532015
   Google Scholar
• WyseJDeHartMPinventorsAntiOp, Inc., assigneeIntranasal naloxone compositions and methods of making and using sameUnited States Patent US9192570B22015
   Google Scholar
• Adapt Pharma, IncNARCAN^® (naloxone HCl) Nasal Spray 2 mg Approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Available from: http://adaptpharma.com/adapt_press_release/january-25-2017-narcan-nasal-spray-2mg-approved-by-us-food-and-drug-administration/Accessed June 7, 2016
   Google Scholar
• DowlingJIsbisterGKKirkpatrickCMNaidooDGraudinsAPopulation pharmacokinetics of intravenous, intramuscular, and intranasal naloxone in human volunteersTher Drug Monit200830449049618641540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MundinGMcDonaldRSmithKHarrisSStrangJPharmacokinetics of concentrated naloxone nasal spray over first 30 minutes post-dosing: analysis of suitability for opioid overdose reversalAddiction2017 Epub ahead of print
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BirdSMMcAuleyAPerrySHunterCEffectiveness of Scotland’s National Naloxone Programme for reducing opioid-related deaths: a before (2006–10) versus after (2011–13) comparisonAddiction20151115883891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaléo, IncBriefing Dossier. Joint Meeting of the Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committees October 5, 2016 Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/AnestheticAndAnalgesicDrugProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM522691.pdfAccessed November 24, 2016
   Google Scholar
• MerlinMAAriyaprakaiNArshadFHAssessment of the safety and ease of use of the naloxone auto-injector for the reversal of opioid overdoseOpen Acc Emerg Med2015721
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• US Food and Drug AdministrationJoint Meeting of Anesthetic and Analgesic Drug Products Advisory Committee and Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee October 5, 2016 Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/AnestheticAndAnalgesicDrugProductsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM522687.pdfAccessed November 24, 2016
   Google Scholar
• EdwardsETEdwardsESDavisEMulcareMWiklundMKelleyGComparative usability study of a novel auto-injector and an intranasal system for naloxone deliveryPain Ther2015418910525910473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WheelerEBurkKMcQuieHStancliffSHarm Reduction Coalition Guide To Developing and Managing Overdose Prevention and Take-Home Naloxone Projects2012 Available from: http://harmreduction.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/od-manual-final-links.pdfAccessed February 1, 2017
   Google Scholar
• ElzeyMJFudinJEdwardsESTake-home naloxone treatment for opioid emergencies: a comparison of routes of administration and associated delivery systemsExp Opin Drug Deliv20161714
   Google Scholar
• MaxwellSBiggDStanczykiewiczKCarlberg-RacichSPrescribing naloxone to actively injecting heroin users: a program to reduce heroin overdose deathsJ Addict Dis20062538996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harm Reduction Coalition [Internet] Available from: http://harmreduction.org/Accessed February 1, 2017
   Google Scholar
• WheelerEDavidsonPJJonesTSIrwinKSCommunity-based opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone – United States, 2010MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep2012616101105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WheelerEJonesTSGilbertMKDavidsonPJOpioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone to laypersons – United States, 2014MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep2015Jun 196423631635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettASBellA, TomediL, HulseyEG, KralAH. Characteristics of an overdose prevention, response, and naloxone distribution program in Pittsburgh and Allegheny CountyJ Urban Health20118861020103021773877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettTHollowayKThe impact of take-home naloxone distribution and training on opiate overdose knowledge and response: an evaluation of the THN project in WalesDrugs Educ Prev Policy2012194320328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DettmerKSaundersBStrangJTake home naloxone and the prevention of deaths from opiate overdose: two pilot schemesBMJ2001322729189589611302902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DwyerKWalleyAYLangloisBKOpioid education and nasal naloxone rescue kits in the emergency departmentWest J Emerg Med201516338138425987910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EnteenLBauerJMcLeanROverdose prevention and naloxone prescription for opioid users in San FranciscoJ Urban Health201087693194120967505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GaleaSWorthingtonNPiperTMNandiVVCurtisMRosenthalDMProvision of naloxone to injection drug users as an overdose prevention strategy: early evidence from a pilot study in New York cityAddict Behav200631590791216139434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LankenauSEWagnerKDSilvaKInjection drug users trained by overdose prevention programs: responses to witnessed overdosesJ Community Health201338113314122847602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeecePNHopkinsSMarshallCOrkinAGassanovMAShahinRMDevelopment and implementation of an opioid overdose prevention and response program in Toronto, OntarioCan J Pub Heal20131043e200e204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-GastonRBestDManningVDayECan we prevent drug related deaths by training opioid users to recognize and manage overdosesHarm Reduct J2009612619781073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markham PiperTMStancliffSRudenstineSEvaluation of a naloxone distribution and administration program in New York CitySubst Use Misuse200843785887018570021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAuleyALindsayGWoodsMLouttitDResponsible management and use of a personal take-home naloxone supply: a pilot projectDrugs Educ Prev Policy2010174388399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RoweCSantosG-MVittinghoffEWheelerEDavidsonPCoffinPOPredictors of participant engagement and naloxone utilization in a community-based naloxone distribution programAddiction201511081301131025917125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SealKHThawleyMRGeeMLNaloxone distribution and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for injection drug users to prevent heroin overdose death: a pilot intervention studyJ Urban Health200582230331115872192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StrangJManningVMayetSOverdose training and take-home naloxone for opiate users: prospective cohort study of impact on knowledge and attitudes and subsequent management of overdosesAddiction2008103101648165718821875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TobinKEShermanSGBeilensonPWelshCLatkinCAEvaluation of the staying alive programme: training injection drug users to properly administer naloxone and save livesInt J Drug Policy200920213113618434126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TzemisDAl-QutubDAmlaniAKesselringSBuxtonJAA quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the British Columbia take home naloxone programCan Med Assoc J Open201423E153E161
   Google Scholar
• WagnerKDValenteTWCasanovaMEvaluation of an overdose prevention and response training programme for injection drug users in the Skid Row area of Los Angeles, CAInt J Drug Policy201021318619319268564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YokellMAGreenTCBowmanSMcKenzieMRichJDOpioid overdose prevention and naloxone distribution in Rhode IslandMed Health R I201194824024221913619
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BazaziARZallerNDFuJJRichJDPreventing opiate overdose deaths: examining objections to take-home naloxoneJ Health Care Poor Underserv201021411081113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MountainDTake home naloxone for opiate addicts. Big conclusions are drawn from little evidenceBrit Med J20013237318934
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SealKHDowningMKralAHAttitudes about prescribing take-home naloxone to injection drug users for the management of heroin overdose: a survey of street-recruited injectors in the San Francisco Bay AreaJ Urban Health200380229130112791805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BDN MaineGroup aims to save lives by offering free Narcan in Bangor, Ellsworth5202016 Available from: http://bangordailynews.com/2016/05/20/health/group-aims-to-save-lives-by-offering-free-narcan-in-bangor-ellsworth/Accessed November 15, 2016
   Google Scholar
• DavisCSCarrDLegal changes to increase access to naloxone for opioid overdose reversal in the United StatesDrug Alcohol Depend201515711212026507172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevineMSankoSEcksteinMAssessing the risk of prehospital administration of naloxone with subsequent refusal of carePrehosp Emerg Care201620556656927018626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VilkeGMSloaneCSmithAMAssessments for deaths in out-of-hospital heroin overdose patients treated with naloxone who refuse transportAcad Emerg Med200310889389612896894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VilkeGMBuchananJDunfordJVAre heroin overdose deaths related to patient release after prehospital treatment with naloxone?Prehosp Emerg Care19993318318610424852
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SalamaNNEddingtonNDFasanoATight junction modulation and its relationship to drug deliveryAdv Drug Deliv Rev2006581152816517003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BurrisSBeletskyLCastagnaCCaseyCColinCMcLaughlinJMStopping an invisible epidemic: legal issues in the provision of naloxone to prevent opioid overdoseDrexel Law Rev200912273339
   Google Scholar
• BeletskyLRuthazerRMacalinoGERichJDTanLBurrisSPhysicians’ knowledge of and willingness to prescribe naloxone to reverse accidental opiate overdose: challenges and opportunitiesJ Urb Health2007841126136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavisCWebbDBurrisSChanging law from barrier to facilitator of opioid overdose preventionJ Law Med Ethics201341s13333623590737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DavisCLegal interventions to reduce overdose mortality: naloxone access and overdose Good Samaritan laws The Network for Public Health LawRobert Wood Johnson Foundation62016 Available from: https://www.networkforphl.org/_asset/qz5pvn/network-naloxone-10-4.pdfAccessed January 2, 2017
   Google Scholar
• KresinaTFLubranRLImproving public health through access to and utilization of medication assisted treatmentInt J Environ Res Public Health20118104102411722073031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VolkowND1FriedenTRHydePSChaSSMedication-assisted therapies – tackling the opioid-overdose epidemicN Engl J Med2014May 29370222063206624758595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and EvaluationOpioid Abuse in the U.S. and HHS Actions to Address Opioid-Drug Related Overdoses and Deaths3262015ASPE Issue Brief, Department of Health and Human Services Available from: https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/107956/ib_OpioidInitiative.pdfAccessed November 16, 2016
   Google Scholar