References
- Pommel L, Jacquot B, Camps J. Lack of correlation among three methods for evaluation of apical leakage. J Endod 2001;27:347–50.
- Lucena-Martín C, Ferrer-Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Robles-Gijón V, Navajas-Rodríguez de Mondelo JM. A comparative study of apical leakage of Endomethasone, Top Seal, and Roeko Seal sealer cements. J Endod 2002;28:423–6.
- Valois CRA, de Castro AJR. Comparison of the apical sealing ability of four root canal sealers. J Bras Endod 2002;3:317–22.
- Cohen S, Hargreaves KM. Pathways of the pulp. 9th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2006.
- McComb D, Smith DC. A preliminary scanning electron microscopic study of root canals after endodontic procedures. J Endod 1975;1:238–42.
- Torabinejad M, ChoY, Khademi AA, Bakland LK, Shabahang S. The effect of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the ability of MTAD to remove the smear layer. J Endod 2003;29:233–9.
- Sen BH, Wesselink PR, Türkün M. The smear layer: a phenomenon in root canal therapy. Int Endod J 1995;28:141–5.
- Goldman M, Goldman LB, Cavaleri R, Bogis J, Lin PS. The efficacy of several endodontic irrigating solutions: a scanning electron microscopic study: part 2. J Endod 1982;8:487–92.
- Yamada RS, Armas A, Goldman M, Lin PS. A scanning electron microscopic comparison of a high volume final flush with several irrigating solutions: part 3. J Endod 1983;9:137–42.
- Calt S, Serper A. Time-dependent effects of EDTA on dentin structures. J Endod 2002;28:17–9.
- O'Connell MS, Morgan LA, Beeler WJ, Baumgartner JC. A comparative study of smear layer removal using different salts of EDTA. J Endod 2000;26:739–43.
- Wayman BE, Kopp WM, Pinero GJ, Lazzari EP. Citric and lactic acids as root canal irrigants in vitro. J Endod 1979;5:258–65.
- Baumgartner JC, Brown CM, Mader CL, Peters DD, Shulman JD. A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of root canal debridement using saline, sodium hypochlorite and citric acid. J Endod 1984;10:525–31.
- Di Lenarda R, Cadenaro M, Sbaizero O. Effectiveness of 1 mol L-1 citric acid and 15% EDTA irrigation on smear layer removal. Int Endod J 2000;33:46–52.
- Haznedaroglu F. Efficacy of various concentrations of citric acid at different pH values for smear layer removal. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96:340–4.
- Takeda FH, Harashima T, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. A comparative study of the removal of smear layer by three endodontic irrigants and two types of laser. Int Endod J 1999;32:32–9.
- Tewfik HM, Pashley DH, Horner JA, Sharawy MM. Structural and functional changes in root dentin following exposure to KTP/532 laser. J Endod 1993;19:492–7.
- Moshonov J, Sion A, Kasirer J, Rotstein I, Stabholz A. Efficacy of argon laser irradiation in removing intracanal debris. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;79:221–5.
- Ball K. Lasers, the perioperative challenge. St. Louis, MO: CV Mosby; 1990.
- Delivanis PD, Chapman KA. Comparison and reliability of techniques for measuring leakage and marginal penetration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:410–16.
- Jacobson SM, von Fraunhofer JA. The investigation of microleakage in root canal therapy: an electrochemical technique. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976;42:817–23.
- Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Endodontic leakage studies reconsidered. Part I. Methodology, application and relevance. Int Endod J 1993;26:37–43.
- Spångberg LS, Acierno TG, Yongbum Cha B. Influence of entrapped air on the accuracy of leakage studies using dye penetration methods. J Endod 1989;15:548–51.
- Mattison GD, von Fraunhofer JA. Electrochemical microleakage study of endodontic sealer/cements. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:402–7.
- Martell B, Chandler NP. Electrical and dye leakage comparison of three root-end restorative materials. Quintessence Int 2002;33:30–4.
- Modaresi J, Davari AR, Daneshkazemi AR. Comparison of apical leakage patterns shown by two different methods. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr 2007;7:169–72.
- Pommel L, Camps J. Effects of pressure and measurement time on the fluid filtration method in endodontics. J Endod 2001;27:256–8.
- Karagöz-Küçükay I, Bayirli G. An apical leakage study in the presence and absence of the smear layer. Int Endod J 1994;27:87–93.
- Alhadainy HA, Elsaed HY, Elbaghdady YM. An electrochemical study of the sealing ability of different retrofilling materials. J Endod 1993;19:508–11.
- Inan U, Aydemir H, Taşdemir T. Leakage evaluation of three different root canal obturation techniques using electrochemical evaluation and dye penetration evaluation methods. Aust Endod J 2007;33:18–22.
- Park DS, Lee HJ, Yoo HM, Oh TS. Effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the apical leakage of obturated root canals: an electrochemical study. Int Endod J 2001;34:318–21.
- Clark-Holke D, Drake D, Walton R, Rivera E, Guthmiller JM. Bacterial penetration through canals of endodontically treated teeth in the presence or absence of the smear layer. J Dent 2003;31:275–81.
- Cobankara FK, Adanır N, Belli S. Evalution of the influence of smear layer on the apical and coronal sealing ability of two sealers. J Endod 2004;30:406–9.
- Economides N, Liolios E, Kolokuris I, Beltes P. Long-term evaluation of the influence of smear layer removal on the sealing ability of different sealers. J Endod 1999;25:123–5.
- Mancini M, Armellin E, Casaglia A, Cerroni L, Cianconi L. A comparative study of smear layer removal and erosion in apical intraradicular dentine with three irrigating solutions: a scanning electron microscopy evaluation. J Endod 2009;35:900–3.
- Machida T, Wilder-Smith P, Arrastia AM, Liaw LH, Berns MW. Root canal preparation using the second harmonic KTP:YAG laser: a thermographic and scanning electron microscopic study. J Endod 1995;21:88–91.
- Miserendino LJ, Levy GC, Rizoiu IM. Effects of Nd:YAG laser on the permeability of root canal wall dentin. J Endod 1995;21:83–7.
- Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: a vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. J Prost Dent 1983;50:101–7.
- Kreisler M, Al Haj H, D'hoedt B. Intrapulpal temperature changes during root surface irradiation with an 809-nm GaAIAs laser. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;93:730–5.
- Schoop U, Kluger W, Dervisbegovic S, Goharkhay K, Wernisch J, Georgopoulos A, Innovative wavelengths in endodontic treatment. Lasers Surg Med 2006;38:624–30.