The double-edged sword: effects of pregabalin on experimentally induced sciatic nerve transection and crush injury in rats

References

• Dahlin LB, Lundborg G. Use of tubes in peripheral nerve repair. Neurosur Clin North Am 2001 Apr;12(2):341–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raimondo S, Fornaro M, Tos P, et al. Perspectives in regeneration and tissue engineering of peripheral nerves. Ann Anat = Anatomischer Anz : Off Organ Anat Gesellschaft. 2011 Jul;193(4):334–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson Y. Studies on vascular permeability in peripheral nerves. I. Distribution of circulating fluorescent serum albumin in normal, crushed and sectioned rat sciatic nerve. Acta Neuropathol 1966 Sep 1;7(1):1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellick RS, Cavanagh JB. Changes in blood vessel permeability during degeneration and regeneration in peripheral nerves. Brain: J Neurol 1968 Mar;91(1):141–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll G, Griffin JW, Li CY, Trapp BD. Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nervous system: participation of both Schwann cells and macrophages in myelin degradation. J Neurocytol 1989 Oct;18(5):671–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taskinen HS, Roytta M. The dynamics of macrophage recruitment after nerve transection. Acta Neuropathol 1997 Mar;93(3):252–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salonen V, Aho H, Roytta M, Peltonen J. Quantitation of Schwann cells and endoneurial fibroblast-like cells after experimental nerve trauma. Acta Neuropathol 1988;75(4):331–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siironen J, Collan Y, Roytta M. Axonal reinnervation does not influence Schwann cell proliferation after rat sciatic nerve transection. Brain Res 1994 Aug 22;654(2):303–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roytta M, Salonen V. Long-term endoneurial changes after nerve transection. Acta Neuropathol 1988;76(1):35–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siironen J, Sandberg M, Vuorinen V, Roytta M. Laminin B1 and collagen type IV gene expression in transected peripheral nerve: reinnervation compared to denervation. J Neurochem 1992 Dec;59(6):2184–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taskinen HS, Olsson T, Bucht A, et al. Peripheral nerve injury induces endoneurial expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA. J Neuroimmunol 2000 Jan 3;102(1):17–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunker N, Krieglstein K. Targeted mutations of transforming growth factor-beta genes reveal important roles in mouse development and adult homeostasis. Eur J Biochem / FEBS. 2000 Dec;267(24):6982–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flanders KC, Ren RF, Lippa CF. Transforming growth factor-betas in neurodegenerative disease. Prog Neurobiol 1998 Jan;54(1):71–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schober A, Hertel R, Arumae U, et al. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor rescues target-deprived sympathetic spinal cord neurons but requires transforming growth factor-beta as cofactor in vivo. J Neurosci : Off J Soc Neurosci 1999 Mar 15;19(6):2008–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Chen W, Liu W, et al. The role of thrombospondin-1 and transforming growth factor-beta after spinal cord injury in the rat. J Clin Neurosci : Off J Neurosurg Soc Austral 2009 Jun;16(6):818–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benveniste EN, Tang LP, Law RM. Differential regulation of astrocyte TNF-alpha expression by the cytokines TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-10. Int J Dev Neurosci : Off J Int Soc Dev Neurosci 1995 Jun-Jul;13(3–4):341–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letterio JJ, Roberts AB. TGF-beta: a critical modulator of immune cell function. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997 Sep;84(3):244–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubio-Perez JM, Morillas-Ruiz JM. A review: inflammatory process in Alzheimer's disease, role of cytokines. Sci World J 2012;2012:756357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SM, Jung JS, Jang MS, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 regulates the fate of cultured spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells. Cell Proliferat 2008 Apr;41(2):248–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle KP, Cekanaviciute E, Mamer LE, Buckwalter MS. TGFbeta signaling in the brain increases with aging and signals to astrocytes and innate immune cells in the weeks after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2010;7:62–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caraci F, Battaglia G, Bruno V, et al. TGF-beta1 pathway as a new target for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011 Aug;17(4):237–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goa KL, Ross SR, Chrisp P. Lamotrigine. A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. Drugs 1993 Jul;46(1):152–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar N, Laferriere A, Yu JS, et al. Evidence that pregabalin reduces neuropathic pain by inhibiting the spinal release of glutamate. J Neurochem 2010 Apr;113(2):552–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitlock EL, Moradzadeh A, Hunter DA, Mackinnon SE. Pregabalin does not impact peripheral nerve regeneration after crush injury. J Reconstr Microsurg 2007 Jul;23(5):263–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dambach H, Hinkerohe D, Prochnow N, et al. Glia and epilepsy: experimental investigation of antiepileptic drugs in an astroglia/microglia co-culture model of inflammation. Epilepsia 2014 Jan;55(1):184–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satar B, Hidir Y, Serdar MA, et al. Protein profiling of anastomosed facial nerve treated with mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2012 May;14(5):522–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakazato-Imasato E, Tanimoto-Mori S, Kurebayashi Y. Effect of mexiletine on dynamic allodynia induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. J Vet Med Sci JPN Soc Vet Sci 2009 Jul;71(7):991–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkstra JR, Meek MF, Robinson PH, Gramsbergen A. Methods to evaluate functional nerve recovery in adult rats: walking track analysis, video analysis and the withdrawal reflex. J Neurosci Meth 2000 Mar 15;96(2):89–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbenaghi R, Javanbakht J, Hosseini E, et al. Neuropathological and neuroprotective features of vitamin B12 on the dorsal spinal ganglion of rats after the experimental crush of sciatic nerve: an experimental study. Diagn Pathol 2013;8:123–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuksel TN, Halici Z, Demir R, et al. Investigation of the effect of telmisartan on experimentally induced peripheral nerve injury in rats. Int J Neurosci 2014 Jul 28:1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Albayrak A, Halici Z, Cadirci E, et al. Inflammation and peripheral 5-HT7 receptors: the role of 5-HT7 receptors in carrageenan induced inflammation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2013 Sep 5;715(1–3):270–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 2001 Dec;25(4):402–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble J, Munro CA, Prasad VS, Midha R. Analysis of upper and lower extremity peripheral nerve injuries in a population of patients with multiple injuries. J Trauma. 1998 Jul;45(1): 116–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anders JJ, Borke RC, Woolery SK, Van de Merwe WP. Low power laser irradiation alters the rate of regeneration of the rat facial nerve. Lasers Surg Med 1993;13(1):72–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Prell CG, Hughes LF, Miller JM. Free radical scavengers vitamins A, C, and E plus magnesium reduce noise trauma. Free Radical Biol Med 2007 May 1;42(9):1454–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melcangi RC, Cavarretta IT, Ballabio M, et al. Peripheral nerves: a target for the action of neuroactive steroids. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2005 Apr;48(2):328–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subbanna PK, Prasanna CG, Gunale BK, Tyagi MG. Acetyl salicylic acid augments functional recovery following sciatic nerve crush in mice. J Brachial Plexus Peripher Nerve Injury 2007;2:3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takimoto I, Fujibayashi K. Effect of flunarizine on experimentally induced facial nerve injury. Acta oto-laryngol Supplementum 1988;446:152–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janqueira LC, J. C. Basic histology. California: Lange Medical Publications; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Demir R, Yayla M, Akpinar E, et al. Protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on experimental sciatic nerve crush injury in rats: assessed with functional, molecular and electromicroscopic analyses. Int J Neurosci 2014 Apr 9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dellon AL, Mackinnon SE. Sciatic nerve regeneration in the rat. Validity of walking track assessment in the presence of chronic contractures. Microsurgery 1989;10(3):220–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varejao AS, Melo-Pinto P, Meek MF, et al. Methods for the experimental functional assessment of rat sciatic nerve regeneration. Neurol Res 2004 Mar;26(2):186–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rufer M, Flanders K, Unsicker K. Presence and regulation of transforming growth factor beta mRNA and protein in the normal and lesioned rat sciatic nerve. J Neurosci Res 1994 Nov 1;39(4):412–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taskinen HS, Ruohonen S, Jagodic M, et al. Distinct expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the endo- and epineurium after nerve injury. J Neurotraum 2004 Jul;21(7):969–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kritis A, Kapoukranidou D, Michailidou B, et al. Sciatic nerve crush evokes a biphasic TGF-beta and decorin modulation in the rat spinal cord. Hippokratia 2010 Jan;14(1):37–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerald Prud'homme YG, Qinghua W. GABA exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects J Immunol 2013;190.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis-Behnke RG, Liang YX, You SW, et al. Nano neuro knitting: peptide nanofiber scaffold for brain repair and axon regeneration with functional return of vision. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 2006 Mar 28;103(13):5054–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro X, Vivo M, Valero-Cabre A. Neural plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2007 Jul;82(4):163–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar