Rebound acid hypersecretion from a physiological, pathophysiological and clinical viewpoint

References

• Reimer C, Søndergaard B, Hilsted L, Bytzer P. Proton-pump inhibitor therapy induces acid-related symptoms in healthy volunteers after withdrawal of therapy. Gastroenterology 2009;137:80–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McColl KEL, Gillen D. Evidence that proton-pump inhibitor therapy induces symptoms it is used to treat. Gastroenterology 2009;137:20–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• News (Alisa Opar). A close look at acid reflux drugs points to possible risks. Nature Medicine 2009;15:710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Arnestad JS, Brenna E, Eide I, Syversen U, Sandvik AK. Marked increase in gastric acid secretory capacity after omeprazole treatment. Gut 1996;39:649–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Brenna E, Sandvik AK. Long-term safety of proton pump inhibitors: risks of gastric neoplasia and infections. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2002;1:29–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qvigstad G, Waldum HL. Rebound hypersecretion after inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;94:202–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Sandvik AK, Brenna E, Petersen H. Gastrin-histamine sequence in the regulation of gastric secretion. Gut 1991;32:698–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Håkanson R, Owman C. Concomitant histochemical demonstration of histamine and catecholamines in enterochromaffinlike cells of gastric mucosa. Life Sci 1967;6:759–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kahlson G, Rosengren E, Svahn D, Thunberg R. Mobilization and formation of histamine in the gastric mucosa as related to acid secretion. J Physiol 1964;174:400–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rangachari PK. Histamine release by gastric stimulants. Nature 1975;253:53–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleveland PM, Waldum HL, Larsson M. Gastric acid secretion in the totally isolated, vascularly perfused rat stomach. A selective muscarinic-1 agent does, whereas gastrin does not, augment maximal histamine-stimulated acid secretion. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987;22:705–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandvik AK, Waldum HL, Kleveland PM, Søgnen BS. Gastrin produces an immediate and dose-dependent histamine release preceding acid secretion in the totally isolated, vascularly perfused rat stomach. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987;22:803–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Sandvik AK. Histamine and the stomach. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989;24:130–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenna E, Waldum HL. Studies of isolated parietal and enterochromaffin-like cells from the rat. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991;26:1295–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athmann C, Zeng N, Scott DR, Sachs G. Regulation of parietal cell calcium signaling in gastric glands. Am J Physiol 2000, 279:G1048–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soll AH. Secretagogue stimulation of (14C)aminopyrine accumulation by isolated canine parietal cells. Am J Physiol 1980;238:G366–75.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waldum HL, Sandvik AK, Brenna E. Gastrin: Histamine-releasing activity. p 259-271 In: Gastrin. JH. Walsh (editor), Raven Press, New York, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Bakke I, Qvigstad G, Sandvik AK, Waldum HL. The CCK-2 receptor is located on the ECL cell, but not on the parietal cell. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:1128–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair AJ, Richardson JH, Walsh JH, Feldman M. Variable contribution of gastrin to gastric acid secretion after a meal in humans. Gastroenterology 1987;92:944–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Sandvik AK, Syversen U, Brenna E. The enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Physiological and patophysiological role. Acta Oncologica 1993;32:141–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stempien SJ. Insulin gastric analysis: Technique and interpretation. Am J Dig Dis 1962;7:138–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kay, AW. Effect of large doses of histamine on gastric secretion of HCl. Br M J 1953;II:77-80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wormsley K, Grossman MI. Maximal histalog test in control subjects and patients with peptic ulcer. Gut 1965;6:427–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makhlouf GM, McManus JP, Card WI. Action of the pentapeptide (ICI 50123) on gastric secretion in man. Gastroenetrology 1966;51:455–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emås S, Grossman MI. Effect of truncal vagotomy on acid and pepsin responses to histamine and gastrin in cats. Am J Physiol 1969;213:657–62.
   Google Scholar
• A multicenter pilot studyPentagastrin as a stimulant of maximal gastric acid response in man. Lancet 1967;I:292–5.
   Google Scholar
• Qvigstad G, Bjørgaas M, Eide I, Sandvik AK, Waldum HL. Vagal stimulation augments maximal (penta) gastrin stimulated acid secretion in man. Acta Physiol Scand 1999;166:277–81.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsner JB, Ford H. The gastric secretory response to histalog: One-hour basal and histalog secretion in normal persons and in patients with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer. J Lab Clin Med 1955;46:307–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Brenna E. Sandvik AK. Maximal gastric acid secretion in man: A concept that needs precision. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:1009–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs RA, Weinstock GM, Metzker ML, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Scherer S, Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution. Nature 2004;428:493–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Lehy T, Brenna E, Sandvik AK, Petersen H, Søgnen BS, Effect of the histamine-1 antagonist astemizole alone or with omeprazole on rat gastric mucosa. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991;26:23–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryberg B, Tielemans Y, Axelson J, Carlsson E, Håkanson R, Mattson H, Gastrin stimulates the self-replication rate of enterochromaffinlike cells in the rat stomach. Effects of omeprazole, ranitidine, and gastrin-17 in intact and antrectomized rats. Gastroenterology 1990;99:935–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson H, Carlsson E, Ryberg B, Fryklund J, Wallmark B. Rat parietal cell function after prolonged inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Am J Physiol 1988;254:G33–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eriksson B, Öberg K, Skogseid B. Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. Clinical findings in a prospective study of 84 patients. Acta Oncol 1989;28:373–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakke I, Qvigstad G, Brenna E, Sandvik AK, Waldum HL. Gastrin has a specific proliferative effect on the rat enterochromaffin-like cell, but not on the parietal cell: a study by elutriation centrifugation. Acta Physiol Scand 2000;169:29–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crean GP, Marshall MW, Rumsey RDE. Parietal cell hyperplasia induced by the administration of pentagastrin (ICI 50,123) to rats. Gastroenterology 1969;57:147–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willems G, Vansteenkiste Y, Limbosch JM. Stimulating effect of gastrin on cell proliferation kinetics in canine fundic mucosa. Gastroenterology 1972;62:583-589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Brenna E, Sandvik AK. Relationship of ECL cells and gastric neoplasia. Yale J Biol Med 1998;71:325–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisegna JR, Norton JA, Slimak GG, Metz DC, Maton PN, Gardner JD, Effects of curative gastrinoma resection on gastric secretory function and antisecretory drug requirement in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastroenterology 1992;102:767–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tielemans Y, Willems G, Sundler F, Håkanson R. Self-replication of enterochromaffin-like cells in the mouse stomach. Digestion 1990;45:138–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magami Y, Azuma T, Inokuchi H, Moriyasu F, Kawai K, Hattori T. Cell kinetics of slow renewing cell populations in mice stomach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:262–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isenberg JI, Grossman MI, Maxwell V, Walsh JH. Increased sensitivity to stimulation of acid secretion by pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer. J Clin Invest 1975;55:330–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen H, Myren J. Pentgastrin dose-response in peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1975;10:705–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodemar G, Walan ACimetidine in the treatment of active duodenal and prepyloric ulcers. Lancet 1976;II:161–4.
   Google Scholar
• Bodemar G, Walan A, Maintenance treatment of recurrent peptic ulcer by cimetidine. Lancet 1978;I:403–7.
   Google Scholar
• Fiddian-Green RG, Bank S, Marks IN, Louw JH. Maximum acid output and risk of peptic ulcer. Lancet 1976, II, 1367–9.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall BJ, Goodwin CS, Warren JR, Murray R, Blincow ED, Blackbourn SJ, Prospective double-blind trial of duodenal ulcer relapse after eradication of Campylobacter pylori. Lancet 1988;2:1437–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi S, Beardshall K, Haddad G, Playford R, Ghosh P, Calam JCampylobacter pylori and duodenal ulcer: the gastrin link. Lancet 1989;I, 1167–8.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall BJ, Barrett LJ, Prakash C, McCallum RW, Guerrant RL. Urea protects Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori from the bactericidal effect of acid. Gastroenterology 1990;99:697-702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandvik AK, Waldum HL. Rat gastric histamine release: A sensitive gastrin bioassay. Life Sciences 1990;46:453–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frislid K, Aadland E, Berstad A. Augmented postprandial gastric acid secretion due to exposure to ranitidine in healthy subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986;21:119–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwokolo CU, Smith JT, Sawyerr AM, Pounder RE. Rebound intragastric hyperacidity after abrupt withdrawal of histamine H2 receptor blockade. Gut 1991;32:1455-1460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen D, Wirz AA, Ardill JE, McColl KEL. Rebound hypersecretion after omeprazole and its relation to on-treatment acid suppression and Helicobacter pylori status. Gastroenterology 1999;116:239–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandvik AK, Dimaline R, Mårvik R, Brenna E, Waldum HL. Gastrin regulates histidine decarboxylase activity and mRNA abundance in rat oxyntic mucosa. Am J Physiol 1994;267:G254–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nwokolo CU, Prewett EJ, Sawyerr AFM, Hudson M, Lim S, Pounder RE. Tolerance during 5 months of dosing with ranitidine, 150 mg nightly;a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Gastroenterology 1991;101:948–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind T, Cederberg C, Forsell H, Olausson M, Olbe L. Relationship between reduction of gastric acid secretion and plasma gastrin concentration during omeprazole treatment. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988;23:1259–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fossmark R, Johnsen G, Johanessen E, Waldum HL. Rebound acid hypersecretion after long-term inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:149–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen D, Wirz AA, McColl KE. Helicobacter pylori eradication releases prolonged increased acid secretion following omeprazole treatment. Gastroenterology 2004;126:980-988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenna E, Waldum HL. Trophic effect of gastrin on the enterochromaffin like cell of the rat stomach: Establishment of a dose response relationship. Gut 1992;33:1303-1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Omar EM, Oien K, El-Nujumi A, Gillen D, Wirz A, Dahill S, Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic astric acid hyposecretion. Gastroenterology 1997;113:15–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuipers EJ, Uyterlide AM, Peña AS, Hazenberg HJ, Bloemena E, Lindeman J, Increase in Helicobacter pylori-associated corpus gastritis during acid suppressive therapy: implications for long-term safety. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:1401–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall BJ. Campylobacter pylori: Its link to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12(Supp 1)S87–93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saeed ZA, Evans DJ, Evans DG, Cornelius MJ, Maton PN, Jensen RT, Helicobacter pylori and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36:15–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller LS, Vinayek R, Frucht H, Gardner JD, Jensen RT, Maton PN. Reflux esophagitis in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastroenterology 1990;98:341–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csendes A, øster M, Møller JT, Flynn J, Funch-Jensen P, Overgaard H, Gastroesophageal reflux in duodenal ulcer patients before and after vagotomy. Ann Surg 1978;188:804–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds WJ, Dent J, Hogan WJ, Helm JF, Hauser R, Patel GK, Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with reflux esophagitis. New Engl J Med 1982;307:1547–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffeld RJLF, van der Putten ABMM. Rising incidence of reflux oesophagitis in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Digestion 2003;68:141–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatlebakk JG, Hyggen A, Madsen PH, Walle PO, Schulz T, Mowinckel P, Heartburn treatment in primary care: randomized, double blind study for 8 weeks. BMJ 1999, 319:550–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viljakka M, Luostarinen M, Isolauri J. Incidence of antireflux surgery in Finland 1988-1993. Influence of proton-pump inhibitors and laparascopic technique. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:415–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björnsson E, Abrahamsson H, Simrén M, Mattsson N, Jensen C, Agerforz P, Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors in patients on long-term therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;24:945–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldum HL, Brenna E. Personal review: is profound acid inhibition safe? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:15–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinsen M, Decktor DL, Stone RC, Pevelery M, Barden P, Moyer R, Famotidine (20mg) b.d. relieves gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms in patients without erosive esophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1991;5:631–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tytgat GNJAssessment of the efficacy of cimetidine and other drugs in oesophageal reflux disease. In: Cimetidine in the 80s. JH Baraon (editor). New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1981, p. 153–66.
   Google Scholar
• Qvigstad G, Arnestad JS, Brenna E, Waldum HL. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors induces tolerance to histamine 2 receptor antagonists in Helicobacter pylori negative patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:1244–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar