Clinical importance of faecal calprotectin variability in inflammatory bowel disease: intra-individual variability and standardisation of sampling procedure

References

• Roseth AG, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, et al. Assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis by faecal calprotectin, a novel granulocyte marker protein. Digestion. 1997;58:176–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roseth AG, Schmidt PN, Fagerhol MK. Correlation between faecal excretion of indium-111-labelled granulocytes and calprotectin, a granulocyte marker protein, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34:50–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibble JA, Sigthorsson G, Bridger S, et al. Surrogate markers of intestinal inflammation are predictive of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:15–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konikoff MR, Denson LA. Role of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:524–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai D, Faubion WA, Sandborn WJ. Review article: biological activity markers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25:247–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berni CR, Rapacciuolo L, Romano MT, et al. Diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin in paediatric gastroenterology clinical practice. Dig Liver Dis. 2004;36:467–470.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Roon AC, Karamountzos L, Purkayastha S, et al. Diagnostic precision of fecal calprotectin for inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal malignancy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:803–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnott ID, Watts D, Ghosh S. Review article: Is clinical remission the optimum therapeutic goal in the treatment of Crohn's disease? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:857–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dignass A, Lindsay JO, Sturm A, et al. Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 2: current management. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6:991–1030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, et al. Ulcerative colitis: correlation of the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index with fecal calprotectin, clinical activity, C-reactive protein, and blood leukocytes. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009;15:1851–1858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipponen T, Savilahti E, Kolho KL, et al. Crohn's disease activity assessed by fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin: correlation with Crohn's disease activity index and endoscopic findings. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14:40–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, et al. Fecal calprotectin more accurately reflects endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis than the Lichtiger index, C-reactive protein, platelets, hemoglobin, and blood leukocytes. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:332–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Haens G, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, et al. Fecal calprotectin is a surrogate marker for endoscopic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18:2218–2224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• af Bjorkesten CG, Nieminen U, Turunen U, et al. Surrogate markers and clinical indices, alone or combined, as indicators for endoscopic remission in anti-TNF-treated luminal Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2012;47:528–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labaere D, Smismans A, Van Olmen A, et al. Comparison of six different calprotectin assays for the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease. United European Gastroenterol J. 2014;2:30–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobaton T, Rodriguez-Moranta F, Lopez A, et al. A new rapid quantitative test for fecal calprotectin predicts endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:1034–1042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobaton T, Lopez-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Moranta F, et al. A new rapid test for fecal calprotectin predicts endoscopic remission and postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7:e641–e651.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kristensen V, Klepp P, Cvancarova M, et al. Prediction of endoscopic disease activity in ulcerative colitis by two different assays for fecal calprotectin. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9:164–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moum B, Jahnsen J, Bernklev T. Fecal calprotectin variability in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16:1091–1092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naismith GD, Smith LA, Barry SJ, et al. A prospective single-centre evaluation of the intra-individual variability of faecal calprotectin in quiescent Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37:613–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasson A, Stotzer PO, Ohman L, et al. The intra-individual variability of faecal calprotectin: a prospective study in patients with active ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2015;9:26–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ton H, Brandsnes Dale S, et al. Improved assay for fecal calprotectin. Clin Chim Acta. 2000;292:41–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997;32:920–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calafat M, Cabre E, Manosa M, et al. High within-day variability of fecal calprotectin levels in patients with active ulcerative colitis: what is the best timing for stool sampling? Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:1072–1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead SJ, French J, Brookes MJ, et al. Between-assay variability of faecal calprotectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Ann Clin Biochem. 2013;50:53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen V, Lauritzen T, Jelsness JLP, et al. Validation of a new extraction device for measuring faecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease, and comparison to established extraction methods. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2015;75:355–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar