Gallbladder Motility and Cholecystokinin Release during Long-Term Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Crohn's Disease

References

• Whorwell P J., Hawkins R, Dewbury K, Wright R. Ultrasound survey of gallstones and other hepatobiliary disorders in patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 1984; 29: 930–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strom B L., West S L. The epidemiology of gallstone disease. Gallstones, S Cohen, R D. Soloway. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1985; 16–7
   Google Scholar
• Andersson H, Bosaeus I, Fasth S, et al. Cholelithiasis and urolithiasis in Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987; 22: 253–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kangas E, Lehmusto P, Matikainen M. Gallstones in Crohn's disease. Hepatogastroenterology 1990; 37: 83–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lorusso D, Leo S, Mossa A, Misciagna G, Guerra V. Cholelithiasis in inflammatory bowel disease. A case-control study. Dis Colon Rectum 1990; 33: 791–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgeerts P, Ghoos Y, Vantrappen G, Fevery J. Biliary lipid composition in patients with nonoperated Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 1986; 31: 27–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton K W., Read A E. Gallstones in patients with disorders of terminal ileum and disturbed bile salt metabolism. Br Med J 1969; 3: 494–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roslyn J J., Pitt H A., Mann L L., Ament M E., Den Besten L. Gallbladder disease in patients on long term parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 148–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing B, Bories C, Kunstlinger F, Bernier J J. Does total parenteral nutrition induce gallbladder sludge formation and lithiasis?. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 1012–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitt H A., Will King, Mann L L., Roslyn J J., Berquist W E., Ament M E., et al. Increased risk of cholelithiasis with prolonged total parenteral nutrition. Am J Surg 1983; 145: 106–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cano N, Cicero F, Ranieri F, Martin J, Di Constanzo J. Ultrasonographic study of gallbladder motility during total parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 313–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doty J E., Pitt H A., Porter Fink V, Denbesten L. Cholecystokinin prophylaxis of parenteral nutrition-induced gallbladder disease. Ann Surg 1985; 201: 76–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitzmann J V., Pitt H A., Steinborn P A., Pasha Z R., Sanders R C. Cholecystokinin prevents parenteral nutrition induced biliary sludge in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170: 25–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Catnach S M., Hinds C J., Fairclough P D. Enteral nutrition does not protect against biliairy sludge in critically ill patients [abstract]. Gut 1993; 34(Suppl)S51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bein N, Kemen M, Homann H-H, Bauer K H., Zumtobel V. Small bowel motility during nutrition with enteral formulas containing peptides and intact protein in healthy volunteers [abstract]. Clin Nutr 1992; 11(Suppl)63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mashako M NL, Bernard C, Cezard J P., Chayvialle J A., Navarro J. Effect of total parenteral nutrition, constant rate enteral nutrition, and discontinuous oral feeding on plasma cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in children. I Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1987; 6: 948–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koop I, Fellgiebel A, Koop H, Schafmayer A, Arnold R. Effect of cholestyramine on plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide levels, and exocrine pancreatic secretion. Eur J Clin Invest 1988; 18: 517–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Erpecum K J., van Berge Henegouwen G P., Stoelwinder B, Schmidt Y MG, Willekens F LH. Bile concentration is a key factor for nucleation of cholesterol crystals and cholesterol saturation index in gallbladder bile of gallstone patients. Hepatology 1990; 11: 1–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowling T E., Jameson J J., Grimble G K., Silk D BA. Enteral nutrition as a primary therapy in active Crohn's disease. Eur J Hepatol Gastroenterol 1993; 5: 1–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everson G T., Braverman D Z., Johnson M L., Kern F, Jr. A critical evaluation of real-time ultrasonography for the study of gallbladder volume and contraction. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 40–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen J BMJ, Lamers C BHW. Radioimmunoassay of cholecystokinin in human tissue and plasma. Clin Chim Acta 1983; 131: 305–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage P, Berry G. Statistical methods in medical research. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1987; 186–357
   Google Scholar
• Muller E L., Grace P A., Pitt H A. The effect of parenteral nutrition on biliary calcium and bilirubin. J Surg Res 1986; 40: 55–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douard H, Cosnes J, Sebag A, Evard D, Le Quintrec Y. Étude echographique de la motricité vesiculaire au cours de l'alimentation enterale continue exclusive (Ultrasonographic study on gallbladder motility during continuous enteral nutrition). Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1987; 11: 643–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hopman W PM, Jansen J BMJ, Rosenbusch G, Lamers C BHW. Effect of equimolar amounts of long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides on plasma cholecystokinin and gallbladder contraction. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 356–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopman W PM, Jansen J BMJ, Lamers C BHW. Comparative study on the effects of fat, protein and starch on plasma cholecystokinin in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985; 20: 843–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer J H., Kelly G A. Canine pancreatic responses to intes-tinally perfused proteins and protein digests. Am J Physiol 1976; 231: 682–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanabe S, Shiratori K, Takeuchi T, Chey W Y., You C H., Chang T-M. Release of cholecystokinin and exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to an elemental diet in human subjects. Dig Dis Sci 1986; 31: 919–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar