The Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae test applied on nasopharyngeal aspirates to support pneumococcal aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia

References

• File TM. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 2003; 362:1991–2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhead M. Community-acquired pneumonia in Europe: causative pathogens and resistance patterns. Eur Respir J Suppl 2002;36:20s–7s.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, Hill AT, Jamieson C, Le Jeune I, et al. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax 2009;64(Suppl 3):iii1–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klugman KP, Madhi SA, Albrich WC. Novel approaches to the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47(Suppl 3):S202–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albrich WC, Madhi SA, Adrian PV, van Niekerk N, Mareletsi T, Cutland C, et al. Use of a rapid test of pneumococcal colonization density to diagnose pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:601–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogaert D, De Groot R, Hermans PW. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4:144–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldblatt D, Hussain M, Andrews N, Ashton L, Virta C, Melegaro A, et al. Antibody responses to nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults: a longitudinal household study. J Infect Dis 2005;192:387–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaltoft MS, Skov Sorensen UB, Slotved HC, Konradsen HB. An easy method for detection of nasopharyngeal carriage of multiple Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes. J Microbiol Methods 2008;75:540–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnarsson RK, Holm SE, Soderstrom M. The prevalence of potential pathogenic bacteria in nasopharyngeal samples from healthy children and adults. Scand J Prim Health Care 1998;16:13–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmu AA, Kaijalainen T, Saukkoriipi A, Leinonen M, Kilpi TM. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumococcal urine antigen test in healthy elderly subjects. Scand J Infect Dis 2012;44:433–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedlund J, Stralin K, Ortqvist A, Holmberg H. Swedish guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. Scand J Infect Dis 2005;37:791–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stralin K, Tornqvist E, Kaltoft MS, Olcen P, Holmberg H. Etiologic diagnosis of adult bacterial pneumonia by culture and PCR applied to respiratory tract samples. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:643–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spindler C, Stralin K, Eriksson L, Hjerdt-Goscinski G, Holmberg H, Lidman C, et al. Swedish guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults—Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases 2012. Scand J Infect Dis 2012;44:885–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen UB, Henrichsen J. Cross-reactions between pneumococci and other streptococci due to C polysaccharide and F antigen. J Clin Microbiol 1987;25:1854–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guchev IA, Yu VL, Sinopalnikov A, Klochkov OI, Kozlov RS, Stratchounski LS. Management of nonsevere pneumonia in military trainees with the urinary antigen test for Streptococcus pneumoniae: an innovative approach to targeted therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1608–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stralin K, Kaltoft MS, Konradsen HB, Olcen P, Holmberg H. Comparison of two urinary antigen tests for establishment of pneumococcal etiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42: 3620–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalin M, Lindberg AA, Tunevall G. Etiological diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia by Gram stain and quantitative culture of expectorates. Leukocytes or alveolar macrophages as indicators of sample representativity. Scand J Infect Dis 1983;15:153–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH. Manual of clinical microbiology. 7th ed. Washington DC: ASM Press; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Stralin K, Backman A, Holmberg H, Fredlund H, Olcen P. Design of a multiplex PCR for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae to be used on sputum samples. APMIS 2005;113:99–111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stralin K, Holmberg H. Usefulness of the Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41: 1209–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gillespie SH, McWhinney PH, Patel S, Raynes JG, McAdam KP, Whiley RA, et al. Species of alpha-hemolytic streptococci possessing a C-polysaccharide phosphorylcholine-containing antigen. Infect Immun 1993;61:3076–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murdoch DR, Reller LB. Immunochromatographic test for rapid detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:2271; author reply.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Porcel JM, Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Falguera M, Nogues A, Galindo C, Carratala J, et al. Contribution of a pleural antigen assay (Binax NOW) to the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest 2007;131:1442–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ploton C, Freydiere AM, Benito Y, Bendridi N, Mazzocchi C, Bellon G, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae thoracic empyema in children: rapid diagnosis by using the Binax NOW immunochromatographic membrane test in pleural fluids. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2006;54:498–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alonso-Tarres C, Cortes-Lletget C, Casanova T, Domenech A. False-positive pneumococcal antigen test in meningitis diagnosis. Lancet 2001;358:1273–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinner SW, Tunkel AR. Viridans streptococci, groups C and G streptococci, and Gemella species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010 pp 2667–80.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Falguera M, Nogues A, Rubio-Caballero M. Is Streptococcus pneumoniae the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology? A microbiologic study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 1999;106:385–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menendez R, Cordoba J, de La Cuadra P, Cremades MJ, Lopez-Hontagas JL, Salavert M, et al. Value of the polymerase chain reaction assay in noninvasive respiratory samples for diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:1868–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Newman N, Bar-Ziv J, Dagan R. Nasopharyngeal carriage of individual Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes during pediatric pneumonia as a means to estimate serotype disease potential. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011;30:227–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boersma WG, Holloway Y, Kuttschrutter H, Lowenberg A, Snijder JA, Koeter GH. Antigen detection in oropharyngeal secretions for rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993;12:217–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, Garau J, Huchon G, Ieven M, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections—full version. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17(Suppl 6):E1–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar