Characterization of complex renal cysts: A critical evaluation of the Bosniak classification

References

• Siegel CL, McFarland EG, Brink JA, Fisher AJ, Humphrey P, Heiken JP. CT of cystic renal masses: analysis of diagnostic performance and interobserver variation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;169:813–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosniak MA. The current radiological approach to renal cysts. Radiology 1986;158:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosniak MA. Difficulties in classifying cystic lesions of the kidney. Urol Radiol 1991;13:91–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosniak MA. Problems in the radiologic diagnosis of renal parenchymal tumors. Urol Clin North Am 1993;20:217–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosniak MA. The use of the Bosniak classification system for renal cysts and cystic tumors. J Urol 1997;157:1852–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosniak MA. Diagnosis and management of patients with complicated cystic lesions of the kidney. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;169:819–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel GM, Bosniak MA. Calcification in cystic renal masses: is it important in diagnosis? Radiology 2003;226:47–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel GM, Bosniak MA. Renal imaging for diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 2003;30:499–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel GM, Bosniak MA. An update of the Bosniak renal cyst classification system. Urology 2005;66:484–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokop M, Galanski, M. Spiral and multislice computed tomography of the body. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2003. p 655–60.
   Google Scholar
• Hidalgo H, Dunnick NR, Rosenberg ER. Parapelvic cysts: appearance on CT and sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982;138:667–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber TM. Sonography of benign renal cystic disease. Radiol Clin North Am 2006;44:777–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman DS, Aronson S, Frazer H. Current status of imaging indeterminate renal masses. Radiol Clin North Am 1991;29:475–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parienty RA, Pradel J, Parienty I. Cystic renal cancers: CT characteristics. Radiology 1985;157:741–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennington JL, Beckwith JB. Tumors of the kidney, renal pelvis and ureter. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, 2nd series. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1975. p 25–162.
   Google Scholar
• Clemmensen IH, Nedergaard KH, Storm HH. Kræft i Danmark – En opslagsbog [Cancer in Denmark – a reference book]. Copenhagen: Danish Cancer Society; 2006. p 62–3.
   Google Scholar
• Choyke PL, Glenn GM, Walther MM. Hereditary renal cancers. Radiology 2003;226;33–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen AJ, Li FP, Berg S. Hereditary renal cell carcinoma associated with a chromosomal translocation. N Engl J Med 1979;301:592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takase K, Takahashi S, Tazawa S. Renal cell carcinoma associated with chronic renal failure: evaluation with sonographic angiography. Radiology 1994;192:787–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine E, Grantham JJ, Slusher SL. CT of acquired cystic kidney disease and renal tumors in long-term dialysis patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;142:125–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner DG, Colvin RB, Vermillion CD. Diagnosis and management of renal cell carcinoma. A clinical and pathologic study of 309 cases. Cancer 1971;28:1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielsa OLJ, Gelabert-Mas A. Cystic renal cell carcinoma: pathological features, survival and implications for treatment. Br J Urol 1998;82:16–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Israel GM, Bosniak MA. Follow-up CT of moderately complex cystic lesions of the kidney (Bosniak category IIF). AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;181:627–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren KS, McFarlane J. The Bosniak classification of renal cystic masses. BJU Int 2005;95:939–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson TE, Doelle EA, Cohan RH, Wojno K, Korobkin M. Cystic renal masses: a reevaluation of the usefulness of the Bosniak classification system. Acad Radiol 1996;3:564–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloix P, Martin X, Pangaud C, Marechal JM, Bouvier R, Barat D, Dubernard JM. Surgical management of complex renal cysts: a series of 32 cases. J Urol 1996;156:28–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang EK, Macchia RJ, Gayle B, Richter F, Watson RA, Thomas R, Myers L. CT-guided biopsy of indeterminate renal cystic masses (Bosniak 3 and 2F): accuracy and impact on clinical management. Eur Radiol 2002;12:2518–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronson S, Frazier HA, Baluch JD, Hartman DS, Christenson PJ. Cystic renal masses: usefulness of the Bosniak classification. Urol Radiol 1991;13:83–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curry NS, Cochran ST, Bissada NK. Cystic renal masses: accurate Bosniak classification requires adequate renal CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:339–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga S, Nishikido M, Inuzuka S, Sakamoto I, Hayashi T, Hayashi K, An evaluation of Bosniak's radiological classification of cystic renal masses. BJU Int 2000;86:607–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harisinghani MG, Maher MM, Gervais DA, McGovern F, Hahn P, Jhaveri K, Incidence of malignancy in complex cystic renal masses (Bosniak category III): should imaging-guided biopsy precede surgery? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;180:755–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosniak MA. Letter to the editor. Cystic renal masses: a re-evaluation of the usefulness of the Bosniak classification system. Acad Radiol 1996;3:981–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel GM, Bosniak MA. How I do it: evaluating renal masses. Radiology 2005;236:441–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Malley RL, Godoy G, Hecht EM, Stifelman MD, Taneja SS. Bosniak category IIF designation and surgery for complex renal cysts. J Urol 2009;182:1091–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song C, Min GE, Song K, Kim JK, Hong B, Kim CS, Differential diagnosis of complex cystic renal mass using multiphase computerized tomography. J Urol 2009;181:2446–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel GM, Hindman N, Bosniak MA. Comparison of CT and MRI in the evaluation of cystic renal masses. Radiology 2004;231:365–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park BK, Kim B, Kim SH, Ko K, Lee HM, Choi HY. Assessment of cystic renal masses based on Bosniak classification: comparison of CT and contrast-enhanced US. Eur J Radiol 2007;61:310–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascenti G, Mazziotti S, Zimbaro G, Settineri N, Magno C, Melloni D, Complex cystic renal masses: characterization with contrast-enhanced US. Radiology 2007;243:158–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quaia E, Bertolotto M, Cioffi V, Rossi A, Baratella E, Pizzolato R, Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography with unenhanced sonography and contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of malignancy in complex cystic renal masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008;191:1239–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park BK, Kim CK, Lee HM. Image-guided radiofrequency ablation of Bosniak category III or IV cystic renal tumors: initial clinical experience. Eur Radiol 2008;18:1519–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar