References
- Bazett HC. (1920). An analysis of the time-relations of electrocardiograms. Heart 7:353–70
- Beal SL, Sheiner LB. (2006). NONMEM user’s guide. Ellicott City (MD): ICON Development Solutions
- Cagnacci A, Elliott JA, Yen SS. (1992). Melatonin: a major regulator of the circadian rhythm of core temperature in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:447–52
- Chakraborty A, Krzyzanski W, Jusko WJ. (1999). Mathematical modeling of circadian cortisol concentration using indirect response models: comparison of several methods. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 27:23–43
- Crumb W, Cavero II. (1999). QT interval prolongation by non-cardiovascular drugs: issues and solutions for novel drug development. Pharm Sci Technol Today 2:270–80
- Fermini B, Fossa AA. (2003). The impact of drug-induced QT interval prolongation on drug discovery and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2:439–47
- Friber LE, Isbister GK, Duffull SB. (2006). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of QT interval prolongation following citalopram overdoses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 61:177–90
- Fridericia LS. (2003). The duration of systole in the electrocardiogram of normal subjects and of patients with heart disease. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 8:343–51
- Funck-Brentano C, Jaillon P. (1993). Rate-corrected QT interval: techniques and limitations. Am J Cardiol 72:17–22
- Han DW, Park K, Jang SB, Kern SE. (2010). Modeling the effect of sevoflurane on corrected QT prolongation: a pharmacodynamics analysis. Anesthesiology 113:806–11
- Iwi G, Millard RK, Palmer AM, et al. (1999). Boostrap resampling: a powerful method of assessing confidence intervals for doses form experimental data. Phys Med Biol 44:55–62
- January CT, Chau V, Makielski JC. (1991). Triggered activity in the heart: cellular mechanisms of early after-depolarizations. Eur Heart J 12:4–9
- Krzyzanski W, Chakraborty A, Jusko WJ. (2000). Algorithm for application of Fourier analysis for biorhythmic baselines of pharmacodynamics indirect response models. Chronobiol Int 17:77–93
- Laduron PM, Janssen PF, Gommeren W, Leysen JE. (1982). In vitro and in vivo binding characteristics of a new long-acting histamine H1 antagonist, astemizole. Mol Pharmacol 21:294–300
- Massin MM, Maeyens K, Withofs N, et al. (2000). Circadian rhythm of heart rate and heart rate variability. Arch Dis Child 88:179–82
- Matsumoto S, Yamazoe Y. (2001). Involvement of multiple human cytochromes P450 in the liver microsomal metabolism of astemizole and a comparison with terfenadine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 51:133–42
- Nakagawa M, Iwao T, Ishida S, et al. (1998). Circadian rhythm of the signal averaged electrocardiogram and its relation to heart rate variability in healthy subjects. Heart 79:493–6
- Nolan ER, Feng MR, Koup JR, et al. (2006). A novel predictive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics model of repolarization prolongation derived from the effects of terfenadine, cisapride and E-4031 in the conscious chronic av node-ablated, His bundle-paced dog. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 53:1–10
- Ollerstam A, Visser SA, Persson AH, et al. (2006). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of drug induced effect on the QT interval in conscious telemetered dogs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 53:174–83
- Parke J, Holford NH, Charles BG. (1999). A procedure for generating bootstrap samples for the validation of nonlinear mixed effects population models. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 59:19–29
- Richards DM, Brogden RN, Heel RC, et al. (1984). Astemizole. A review of its pharmacodynamics properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 28:38–61
- Sanguinetti MC, Jiang C, Curran ME, Keating MT. (1995). A mechanistic link between an inherited and an acquired cardiac arrhythmia: HERG encodes the IKr potassium channel. Cell 81:299–307
- Shin JG, Kang WK, Shon JH, et al. (2007). Possible interethnic differences in quinidine-induced QT prolongation between healthy Caucasia and Korean subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 63:206–15
- Valerio LG, Balakrishnan S, Fiszman ML, et al. (2013). Development of cardiac safety translational tools for QT prolongation and torsade de pointes. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 9:801–15
- Van de Water A, Verheyen J, Xhonneux R. (1989). An improved method to correct the QT interval of the electrocardiogram for changes in heart rate. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 22:207–17
- Wever RA, Polasek J, Wildgruber CM. (1983). Bright light affects human circadian rhythms. Pflugers Arch 396:85–7
- Zhou Z, Vorperian VR, Gong Q, et al. (1999). Block of hERG potassium channels by the antihistamine astemizole and its metabolites desmethyl astemizole and norastemizole. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10:836–8