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Original Article

Coca Leaf as a Therapeutic Agent

Pages 75-86 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Martin R. T. The role of coca in the history, religion, and medicine of South American Indians. Econ. Bot. 1970; 24(4)422–438
  • Grinspoon L., Bakalar J. Cocaine. Basic Books, New York 1976; 73–75
  • Burchard R. E. Coca-chewing: A new perspective. Cannabis and Culture, V. Rubin. Mouton, The HagueNetherlands 1975; 463–484
  • Nieschulz O. Kokaismus und kokainismus. Muench. Med. Wochenschr. October, 1969; 111: 2276–2284
  • Weil A. T. The green and the white. J. Psychedelic Drugs 1975; 7(4)401–413
  • Duke J. A., Aulik D., Plowman T. Nutritional value of coca. Bot. Mus. Leafl., Harv. Univ. 1975; 24(6)113–119
  • Hanna J. M. Coca leaf use in southern Peru: Some bio social aspects. Am. Anthropol. 1974; 76(2)281–296, (Note: Personal experiences in coca-using cultures of the Amazon basin, near sea level, do not support some of the conclusions of this paper about a necessary relationship between coca and life at high altitudes-A.T.W.).
  • Ciuffardi T. E. Contribución a la química del cocaísmo. Rev. Farm. Med. Exp. 1949; 2(1)18–94
  • Nieschulz O., Schmersahl P. Untersuchungen über die Bedeutung des Kalkzusatzes beim Kauen von Coca-Blättern. Planta Med. 1969; 17(2)178–183
  • Nieschulz O. Psychopharmakologische Untersuchungen über Cocain und Ecgonin: Ein Beitrag zum Problem des Cocaismus und Cocainismus. Arzneim: Forsch. 1971; 21(2)275–285
  • Montesinos F. Metabolism of cocaine. Bull. Narc. 1965; 17(2)11–17
  • Mortimer W. G. History of Coca. And/or Press, San Francisco 1974, (This work, long out of print, appeared originally in 1901.)
  • Mantegazza P. Sulle virtio igieniche e medicinale della coca, a widely circulated prize essay by the Italian neurologist, published at Milan in 1859. An English translation of some of this essay is included in The Coca Leaf and Cocaine Papers, G. Andrews, D. Solomon. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York 1975; 38–42
  • Mariani A., Coca and Its Therapeutic Applications (translated by J. N. Jaros from the original French edition of 1888), New York, 1896. See also The Mariani Album: 1884-1913, in Andrews and Solomon, Ref. 10, pp. 243-246; and references to Angelo Mariani and his wine in Ref. 9. For more about nineteenth century medicinal uses of coca, see W. Martindale, Coca, Cocaine, and Its Salts: Their History, Medical and Economic Uses, and Medicinal Preparations, London, 1886.
  • Ashley R. Cocaine: Its History, Uses, and Effects. St. Martin's Press, New York 1975; 1–81
  • , Mortimer and other physicians were recommending coca for these uses around 1900.
  • Byck R., Van Dyke C. What are the effects of cocaine in man?. Cocaine: 1977 (NIDA Research Monograph #13), R. C. Petersen, R. C. Stillman. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1977; 97–117, Woods, J. Behavioral effects of cocaine in animals, in Cocaine: 1977, pp. 63-95.
  • Dunham' L. J. A geographic study of the relationship between oral cancer and plants. Cancer Res. November, 1968; 28: 2369–2371
  • Granier-Doyeux M. Some sociological aspects of the problem of cocaism. Bull. Narc. 1962; 14(4): 1–16
  • , Coca-Cola began its career as a medicinal tonic based on a whole extract of coca, and it achieved great popularity as a refreshment while it still contained coca alkaloids. In 1903 the manufacturers removed all coca alkaloids from the drink. Coca-Cola still contains an extract of coca as a minor flavoring, but its stimulating properties are now due exclusively to caffeine.

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